Lego regolith? Legolith. We should send up James May to build the first outpost. He has experience in this field.

@frasercain

12 күн бұрын

Oh, of course that's the term.

@scottdorfler2551

11 күн бұрын

Perfect! 😂

I think "sneaker zoom" was the term you were looking for. As always, wonderful coverage of the universe about us. Thank you for that.

@frasercain

11 күн бұрын

Yeah, that's the term.

The brilliant and creative adaptations to malfunctioning space equipment never fails to impress the heck outta me!

I love the idea of a spacecraft recovery series, I'd watch that.

That owl knew you were the real potential threat

@sjsomething4936

11 күн бұрын

“Don’t trust the bald Canadian” - signed, another bald Canadian 😂

@jukkamommo6252

11 күн бұрын

The owl thought you will eat him😀

Actually, I think plate tectonics kicked off much earlier than 600 million years ago. The general consensus among geologist's is somewhere around 3.2 billion years ago.

@ericfielding2540

11 күн бұрын

Yes, plate tectonics was operating on Earth long before 600 million years ago.

@astrolad293

11 күн бұрын

Check out Geo Girl. She talks about how the formation and breakup of supercontinents have affected life. Her latest video as of today is on this topic. (I haven't watched it yet. Saving it for later today.)

@mrbaab5932

10 күн бұрын

​@@astrolad293I thought it was a Hate Crime to call adult women 'girl'.

@astrolad293

10 күн бұрын

@@mrbaab5932 Interesting question. Can you commit a hate crime against yourself?

@allangibson8494

5 күн бұрын

The question is whether there were continuous plates covered the planet…

I wonder if we have plate tectonics because of the early collision that knocked off a chunk of our crust making the moon. That would leave a crust with different thickness in different areas, promoting the convection below that energizes tectonics.

@olliverklozov2789

11 күн бұрын

What crust? The entire planet(s) was made molten.

@EShirako

9 күн бұрын

@@olliverklozov2789 Right, but think about "The Big Impactor Hypothesis" which explains the moon. The Earth WAS cooling, had been solidifying...and then Theia came dropping in to spoil the party. I have left a bigger comment explaining why I think Theia was the reason it all started up. Theia was a planet, so it had a radioactive core like Earth, so when that sank, magma got 'stirred up', and so many hundreds-of-mega-tons of magma being on the move means it won't exactly STOP easily either. So I think Theia changed us from 'a cooling ball of rock' to 'a half-melted planet with a bigger radioactive core because it tossed the moon's worth of mass (or more) into space too', and that with magma being squished and flowed this way and that and swirling up and down from density differences... I suppose you should look for my separate comment for more details if you care to know more! This 'blurb' might help explain very-in-general, though. But, to be clear, Theia hit us as the Earth was cooling, so it DID have a crust, much like Venus does now. Instead of staying stable, though, Theia made a mess and stirred up the world. It had HAD a crust, even if likely not as thick as it is nowadays, and then Theia dropped in and 'made a mess of things'. And now we're here! \o/

As a mold designer at LEGO, I have to say, this is pretty damn cool 👍👍

@jblob5764

11 күн бұрын

Ah, so now i finally have someone i can blame directly for those pointy little booby traps 😂

@WagonLoads

11 күн бұрын

I work in electronics and would like lego parts that could hold my PCBs and breadboards relative to each other...

@richard--s

10 күн бұрын

But it's not Lego. Only bricks made by Lego are allowed to be called Lego. All right, they have an official cooperation. That's why they can call it Lego.

@mrbaab5932

10 күн бұрын

Did you design the Black mold in California?

@firstjayjay

10 күн бұрын

@@mrbaab5932 no. Molds do not have names

Juicy. We need a juicy planet.

@pluto9000

12 күн бұрын

🍑

Is there anything NASA and its engineers can’t do? Bravo engineers and scientists!😊

@ronniecollum8794

5 күн бұрын

oh yea - impress me , recover our tax money . sell the ISS to china , price tag 100 trillion dollars

It's about time some popular science channel on YT began talking about plate tectonics and abiogenesis. This idea has been kicking around a while and deserves a more thorough presentation.

When you started talking about lunar swirls, I could have sworn you said "lunar squirrels." I was disappointed at what it turned out to be. You have to admit, a piece about lunar squirrels would get 100% of the vote for coolest story of the week.

@GoCoyote

10 күн бұрын

Damn lying lunar squirrels!

Never forget, we only got pretty sure proof there were exoplanets in 1992. That always blows my mind, and shows how fast knowledge grew after that first discovery.

Love Space Bites!

@The-KP

12 күн бұрын

@@JD-mm4ub Underrated!

Great, just effing great, now i wi be stepping on moon lego's at night on tbe way to the john.

@frasercain

12 күн бұрын

They're inevitable.

That proto star photo is awesome

Pretty excited for the rover and can't wait to see flight 5!

Excllent episode! A nice way to end work and start the weekend.

Speculative astrogeology and pretty protostars make for some superb space bites.

Legos + space wins the day

As to why we have plate tectonics and other planets don't seem to...the 'cooling planets' would have cooled steadily overall, self-sorting by density in a slow and gradual fashion, nothing big upsetting things, and the hot core would simply 'still be hot but nothing special' was going on to make things 'move' for the most part. My own hypothesis is that Theia is responsible for the Moon AND plate tectonics. When Theia hit it added (first, in my own hypothesis as to how Earth is different from average) Theia's high-density radioactive core to ours, while splashing a big 'moon-sized and more' dollop of lighter material that had settled up into the outer 'generic crust that had been cooling smoothly until then'. So Theia melted a huge section of our crust (but not UNIFORMLY heating ALL of it) by dropping in on us with a "Mars-sized" planet or whatever. Anything on the crust that didn't melt surely had fractures, but also that would have wildly-differentiated the density of material on the various sides of the planet. Theia's sinking radioactive core (dense materials settling lowest in general) added to our own core eventually, but also displaced some insane number of mega-tons of magma on its way down there, disrupting ALL the layers, and effectively "Stirring the magma-milkshake" called the still-cooling Earth, making our core and mantle all "Messy and varied in density". As one thing settled another rose, heat moved, impactor-fractured crust buckled from underneath as volcanic gasses built up, then...bloop, magma "pours" upward, and then a continental-plate began to be born. The 'sorting and sinking' of Theia's remnants, and likely random huge chunks falling back from "didn't manage to hit the moon" orbits broke other trying-to-cool sections or whatever, making more big fractures, or pulverizing zones (maybe even causing Hot Spots?), or at a minimum, once again adding denser, cooler material to the hot Earth and making THAT new material also try to sink into the core or whatever-layer its material might be self-sorting to from density, but that still displaces lighter, hotter core magma, stirs things up, moves the 'iron core' by proxy of stirring above it...and the cycle of "sorting by density, heat upwellings, and occasional fractures as the 'magma ocean' ebbs and flows and volcanically-bubbles under the 'chips' of continental-crust that are floating merrily along on top of the mantle adds new continental breaches or upwellings or subsidence or whatever" all gets moving from that stirring, sinking, swirling, unequally-heated mess... So I think that "Theia, and especially its share of radioactive core applied to our sorta-cooling Earth" is what set the stage, or maybe even truly began, the plate tectonics flows. Maybe the crust didn't flow at first until the chaos in the magma 'settled into stable chaos'...somewhat like Mandelbrot orbits, where the fractals are calculated around a 'point' but with the right variables it makes loops and whirls and circles...unlike Pure Math, magma DGAF and crushed the tiny eddies over time, turning it all into big swirls for maximum 'dynamic-stability' as other magma ebbed and flowed 'around/along' that magma. As the flows self-sorted and optimized, eventually (or immediately? Dunno) the continental plates began their break-up and dance, which continues to this day. Relatedly, I suspect that 'hot spots' are remainders of the Theia impactor (or other VERY massive, high-density impact objects, even meteors or whatever) where the piercing to the core 'splashed back upwards' enough to raise super-hot material, which since it's hotter and lighter and likely feeds from closer to the core-layer of the planet, the hot 'plume' of a hot spot remains viable for a long, LONG time, and maybe forever. It 'stirred' from a planet crashing into Earth...you'd need a LOT of resistance to fight that rising plume in any given spot. Which, I point out since this is my own hypothesis so far, if I'm right, then there's likely a hot-spot MUCH larger than all the others where the Theia Core sank down to our core, though my imagined 'super-hotspot' may have made a super-downwelling area where it's drawing anomalously-more material than most areas. The downwelling (caused by sinking-to-the-core momentum and splashed-planet-mantle flowing back into the crater), since it's from Theia, might well have a scope much larger than any hot-spot-upwelling that we've ever seen before, and it could just be much harder to notice. It may also have an upwelling that is much larger than any others since its core would have been piping-hot from radiation too, so as it sank and eventually 'merged into our core too' it would have been piping-hot and sticking out of the core until it merged fully into our own. There would likely be a large portion of the inner or outer core of our planet that has oddly-higher or lower density left from Theia, too, but that's a guess...depending on stirring and how it flows, uneven iron-core material may have stirred too much and have evened out in the core by this point. Anyway...so there's my random offering of seems-sensible-to-me Scientific Hypothesis in case any actual Science professionals want to look into the idea. I was silly and went into Computers, not geophysics or anything...still, here's my hypothesis about why we have plate tectonics but Venus doesn't seem to. Io might get 'taffy-pulled' enough to have some. Mars likely never had a chance to have enough heat for that long. But...maybe the only secret for how improbable it is is that a partly-cooled planet has to be hit by another PLANET so as to give it a larger, hotter core and 'stir the whole magma/core region up' and cause the cooling plates on top to shift around. And as my last point, which I admit I'm less sure on but still think may be the case...a 'tectonically-viable world' may need to have, or have tried to make, a moon of its own to toss off lighter material and make it so the 'Core' is that much hotter/closer to the surface in addition to JUST the melting from the impact. I'm not as sure on this point, but say I '60%' suspect this to be the case.

I love this episode. Solid graphics and topics, excellent work 🙌

The earth’s tilt is technically not stationary. (It’s one of the Milankovitch cycles Quote: “Earth's axis is currently tilted 23.4 degrees, or about half way between its extremes, and this angle is very slowly decreasing in a cycle that spans about 41,000 years. It was last at its maximum tilt about 10,000 years ago and will reach its minimum tilt about 10,000 years from now.”

Lego will hopefully relinquish patents expressly for the lunar outpost construction, a much smaller 3d printer could be used then.

@AenesidemusOZ

10 күн бұрын

Just switch to Duplo 😂

Excellent show this week. Very deep insights.

This is a space news overload - great content

Without plate tectonics, there are no long-term (over hundreds of millions of years) sustainable continents: all seamounts would erode and/or subside back to below sea level, and so there wouldn't be any life adapted to dry land. It's a somewhat popular (and plausible) hypothesis that life confined entirely to ocean environments would never achieve the levels of complexity required to cope with much more challenging and variable conditions on dry land. Or at least, it would evolve much more slowly because its environment is so much more stable and less varied.

Appreciate Universe Today so much.

we need a couple more seismometers on mars

Great video brother Fraser!🤠

really enjoyed that cheers

I posited techtonics as the main governor of life - I tried to find the range of what would allow them to exist in the range they do - this is a very interesting thing to look at - also asteroids and volcano debris in oceans that can cause massive blooms of life when it does exist - who knows what effects that has on ability for oxygenation?

@charlesreid9337

12 күн бұрын

No offense intended but your ideas or simply wrong. And what he stated here is based in ignorance. There are two possible ways life began on Earth. One or both happened. Either self-replicating chemicals came from space.. add or they occurred here. We know the precise mechanism due to brilliant research in chemistry. From that point what we call life was inevitable over a long enough time frame. Play tectonics buccaneers etc I had an effect on its development of course but they didn't play a key role and its existence. We also know how the atmosphere become oxygenated. It was due to microorganisms. The Earth developed a highly oxygenated atmosphere. Lylife used adapted and learned to use that oxygen does achieving a balance between oxygen production and use...

@BIGREDDOG09

12 күн бұрын

I posit, the moral of the story is if it can happen once, the Universe is teeming with life.

@airplayn

12 күн бұрын

@@BIGREDDOG09 So, where are they? Wow, what a paradox! ;-)

@BIGREDDOG09

11 күн бұрын

@@airplayn agreed....that is the question!!!!! The wrong question, which I'm glad you didn't ask, is "are we alone?"...:D

@TheBiggreenpig

11 күн бұрын

@@charlesreid9337 I totally agree. If plate tectonics is responsible for lots of oxygen, it would have been harmful to early Earth life. Without it, we might have large mobile plants that need not much oxygen. And eventually, if oxygen levels raise anyway, we would have life similar to Earth.

For space craft recovery, I like the the story of the first Hayabusa mission

@Alfred-Neuman

11 күн бұрын

Why?

Man I love this channel. ❤

We seem to have more and more to thank the collision with Thera for - not least the Moon and plate tectonics. Current theories suggest both are a result of the impact and the embedded remains.

Excellent channel that I'd only come across today.

So dense with information my head imploded. ;-) thnx.

Thanks for all the news, Fraser! 😊 Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊

Love space news and the newsletter!

I was gonna go with the space lego but, confirming a constant hail of impacts on Mars is way cool because Elon will need a meteor-shooty thing for his mars base. I wanna see the cybertruck space laser or whatever

Great and informative.

I voted for the equipment fix on the Mars rover. But the owl and robin video was great. Please share more of your home environment.

Nice big beautiful owl, we kinda had a pet owl, it randomly starting hanging out in our chicken coop every night when it was young, and it stuck around for many years, it got so used too me coming in every night to close up and check for eggs that I could pet it.

Thanks for the video! Can we tell how large L1527 (the proto star pic at the end) will be once it's finished forming?

There is no theory I have ever heard of that plate tectonics appeared on Earth only 600 million years ago, maybe that’s a fringe theory somewhere, but the vast majority of scientists accept a much older origin, about a billion years after the Earth formed.

Fraser, maybe you need to watch the fantastic videos of GEO GIRL. The exact time plate tectonics developed is unclear, but it’s closer to 3 B yrs ago. Wikipedia says 3.4 B yrs ago. 600 M isn’t even close.

@ericfielding2540

12 күн бұрын

Maybe Fraser meant 600 million years after the Earth formation? Yes, plate tectonics in some form has been around for several billions of years on Earth.

Thank you. Barred owls are beautiful.

So, yeah the Lego bricks are cute but we can also 3D print buildings... remotely...? 3D print Moon Base 1 ftw. 🤩

Moon bricks have also been tested with simulated rammed regolith material. Rammed earth has been used heavily by the Chinese from ancient times for massive constructions. A bonding agent may also be added. Solar lenses could also be used for 3D printing. This exists' Sandbag structures are another option. Gabion baskets, like Hesco boxes, can use rocks and soil. With lighter construction than on Earth, could also be used. These could protect lighter portable structures. And no rust. Though I think many structures should use tunnels for the best protection with painted sealant. Manual working under ground, building structures, would be much easier in sealed tunnels.

Kuiper belt II, Kuiper Reloaded (For real, that's really exciting. I wish we could sling more probes out into the far solar system.)

With respect to the tectonic story, there is a closer relationship between groundwater and plate tectonics, as the authors in that paper discussed. The factors in the Drake equation were normally considered as independent variables, but there is some conditional probability going on there because of the relationship between the presence of water, and an indication of habitability, and the presence of plate tectonics. in fact, some people think that tectonics are an inevitable result of the presence of groundwater. So, if you have enough water for habitability, you may also have tectonics and so we may be looking at an association and not causation. something to think about.

Thanks

If they get fast internet, Butch and Suni can watch all the videos saying they are stranded and roll their eyes.

Another great video, I appreciate everything that you teach us Fraser! I was wondering does it help the channel more if I watch the video via KZread? If I watch it via Patreon does it still give the video a view on KZread?

They are treating the camera as fixed-focus and have determined the focal distance.

Thank you for another fine episode!

The laser comms is a great step forward. Good, fast communications are a must.

@mrbaab5932

10 күн бұрын

The 1980's is still great.

@AenesidemusOZ

10 күн бұрын

@@mrbaab5932 Um, huh?

@12:16 I thought we were witnessing the demonstration of the Genesis Device 🖖

thks

question. if space x achieves that much of a lift to orbit, what does a 100-200 ton planetary probe look like? what sort of science will be able to be done that we cant do now?

Id wish we find something analogous to a massive mirror somewhere deep in space, a few hundred million lightyears away, like maybe looking through a gravitational lense at certain zones of a black hole, that way we could see earth reflected as how it was a billion or so years ago. Imagine if the distance is right, we could see the Impact of Theia, and the formation of the Moon

@universetoday could you put the "space bites" or whatever this is called in the title? All of the content is excellent of course, but it would be nice to be able to easily look for these news summaries!

Why crush up moon rocks when you can vacuum up dust (which is a bother)?

Atmosphere is garden mulch for your planet.

I think plate tectonics are likely important for a wide range of diversity of complex life and not necessarily that important to the basic development of complex life. The constant and slow shifting of biomes and biome changes would likely cause stress within evolutionary systems that possibly would exist without plate tectonics. Still very much believe dark matter/dark energy is the real world equivalent of sub space in Star Trek, hence not being able to see or observe them directly because they exist in another “layer or dimension” of space.

Greetings from the BIG SKY.

a question for your ask me a question video . Dose gravity have a measurable effect on time ?

@AenesidemusOZ

10 күн бұрын

Yes. No need for a video now 😂 Sorry, couldn't resist.

now i want to see a rocket made of space lego.

URANIUM THORIUM LIFE EARTH One important factor often forgotten as vital to our life on Earth is the existence of large deposits of Uranium and Thorium deep in the Earth that may contribute nearly 50% of the Earths core heat. This heat is vital for the Earths magnetic field which in turn protects us from solar and cosmic radiation. Also assisting plate tectonics. Uranium and Thorium slowly release heat from radiation decay. So life on Earth is nuclear powered. Including solar fusion. And the universe is full of radiation from many sources.

Are there any estimates of the mass of the Kuiper Belt.

0:00 Stereophonic, lava and tonic

Questions. Why is the universe a vacuum and why is it so cold? Thanks. Love your podcasts.

@AenesidemusOZ

10 күн бұрын

1. Mass (gasses, dust, etc) clumps together due to its mass, generating areas of increased gravity, which collects more stuff, generating more gravity, so on and so forth. Eventually you have suns, planets, moons, and rocks with very little in between. That very little, we call vacuum. It's not empty however, just very close to it. 2. With no input of energy (heat) except by that radiated from stars, warm bodies slowly radiate their heat out into space, losing their energy in the process, until the body reaches an equilibrium with the energy of the surrounding space. Far enough away from a star, that temperature gets close to absolute zero at which point the atoms and molecules have so little energy left that they are hardly moving at all.

@jacksawyer3626

10 күн бұрын

@@AenesidemusOZ Thanks but why absolute zero? And I’m still unclear on the vacuum. Why does it all come down to a vacuum?

@AenesidemusOZ

10 күн бұрын

@@jacksawyer3626 1. All of the atoms that make up gasses, liquids, and solids - clump together because of gravity; when there is nothing left outside of that clump, that nothing is what we call a vacuum. 2. Atoms give away their energy by moving and if there is nothing like a sun around to give THEM energy, they eventually run out of energy and stop moving. This lack of motion* we call absolute zero. *I'm ignoring much in quantum physics here, I know. Don't @ me about it, OK?

@jacksawyer3626

9 күн бұрын

@@AenesidemusOZ Thank you sir, very well said. I appreciate it.

Does the new laser internet stream or is it a pulsed "buffer" type relay? Can they stream Netflix for example (which only needs about 20megabits/s)?

12:15 that crater on the right looks like a dime pressed into the regolith

About plate tectonics: what if it's the other way around? Life created and boosted it. First microbes degraded and contributed to erosion of oceanic crusted creating lighter continental crust. Models should include all the work done by microorganisms for billions of years.

It's an interesting point about data and astronauts taking the movies up . Data is light and is easily transmitted . So the real gain is taking the software , the intelligence and not the material.using on planet material is a far better use of our ability. Learning to adapt the materials on moon to build tools that can build buildings and machines

Of all the equipment planned for space launch, which do you think will have the greatest individual impact on our scientific understanding?

Could the extended Keiper belt really be the beginnings of the Oort cloud?

It looks like they pretty much printed that Lego brick on a modified Ender 3. I've actually seen that same .STL on Thingiverse.

Wow! Hey! We finally got fast internet service to ISS, so... let's crash it into the sea! Ah! I left my copy of "The Fifth Element" up there!

It can see objects clearly at it's focal length.

I really dont think you made enough of that Mars asteroid rate. It dramatically changes chances of colonisation if any settlement needs to be 40m+ underground.

@frasercain

8 күн бұрын

I'll let people come to their own conclusions. 😀

Canadian Robins are very different to the British equivalent. Much bigger looking. Different beaks, and more.

@frasercain

12 күн бұрын

Yeah, very different bird.

My understanding was that the Kuiper Belt was defined by its distance from the Sun, and beyond the Kuiper was the Oort Cloud. As both contain icy bodies, why would the fact that New Horizons is detecting icy bodies more than 50 AUs from the Sun mean the Kuiper Belt should be extended?

@AenesidemusOZ

10 күн бұрын

The belt is a region of bits - bits of ice, mostly - not a measured distance. That the bits go out further than previously thought is the surprise. The Oort cloud is only a hypothesis so far.

👇Use as vote for Robin vs. Owl for space news of the week 🙌

@oldtimer2662

12 күн бұрын

🦉😎

Fixed Focus.

I don't expect man to return to the moon any time soon. There is nothing there worth the trip and doubly so when going there involves taking a human. I expect robots to explore and eventually set up a radio telescope.

We missed you Fraser.

Name the owl Hoot Gibson

Most energy of early life was produced via chemosynthetic, using inorganic minerals produce energy. these minerals came from hydrothermal vents. most hydrothermal vents form along plate boundaries.

Oddly, I just cancelled my trip to Legoland in London. We're going to the one in Denmark instead. My kids love Lego. I mean, my daughter went busking to buy sets when I wouldn't pony up! Obsessed.

@frasercain

11 күн бұрын

There's one in Denmark too

@brick6347

11 күн бұрын

​@@frasercainI know. That's why I said we're going to the one in Denmark instead.

Without plate tectonic, Earth would be a shallow ocean world with very little complex life, since most of the minerals needed for life would have been bound up in sediments at the bottom of the ocean that eroded into them over time.

Plate tectonics possibly linked with a magnetic flux to allow development of terrestrial life protected from ionising radiation. I think this needs to be included in the Drake equation if we are considering life able to develop technology that we might be able to spot.

An interesting question is what fundamental automated machines would be critical to building all other machines and products necessary for building a settlement ?could we build better machines for such purpose ? I would start by saying the mobile phone is such a device

That tectonic plate theory sounds a lot like scientists building around the idea the earth is a rare event / is the only place in the universe where there is intelligent life. The conclusion should happen AFTER you make your study. Hey, what do I know ...

I suspect that Earth's plate tectonic systems are closely tied to the creation (Theia crash) and existence of such a proportionally large moon, tidally affecting the the Earth's crust, as well as oceans for the past 4.5 billion years. Life on Earth is the convergent result of astonishing luck!

Hey frazer I’ve got a question. you once said that the Russians are cooperating all the time up in space with NASA and yet to me it looks more like cohabitation so I’d like to know what joint experiments have NASA and Roscos actually done together on the ISS

Prediction, spacex ,space walk , not convinced it will go smoothly if at all.

@frasercain

7 күн бұрын

This is a big test of that system, we'll see how it plays out.

I would love to know more about the dark matter halo and how something that interacts so minimally can be caused to precess, especially retrograde. I would think the drag of the galaxy would take the halo with it (slightly). I hope you can interview one of the authors.

@Spherical_Cow

11 күн бұрын

There is no drag - unless you're talking about frame-dragging, which on the galactic scale is minuscule to the point of being undetectable. One of the major properties of Cold Dark Matter as proposed, is that it has absolutely no (or very nearly no) interaction with normal matter, except through gravity.

@i18nGuy

11 күн бұрын

@@Spherical_Cow Yes I understand that which is why a precessing halo seems an odd development. Its constituents are barely attractive, a halo is a loosely defined shape, and yet there is something drving precession?

@Spherical_Cow

11 күн бұрын

@@i18nGuy driven by density waves or oscillating mass concentrations within the galaxy, maybe? Milky Way's whole disk is warped a bit out of plane, likely as a remnant of a past galactic merger. A wobbling dark matter halo may be just another such remnant.

@i18nGuy

11 күн бұрын

@@Spherical_Cow maybe. I can agree an external drive force could create the precession, but it would need to be large. I think the halo is like a lot of harmonic oscillators with very very low constants (the k in f=-kx) so precession would be hard to drive or maintain. Elsewhere halos were reported to drift outside their galaxies due to the low attraction. Anyway I look forward to Fraser reporting further.

What about the trapped astronauts in the ISS?