Spring boot profile management for different environment is a very important spring boot interview question.
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How do you segregate your environment specific properties in Spring Boot?
Spring Profiles provide a way to segregate parts of your application configuration and make it only available in certain environments.
Example : how to configure different databases at runtime based on the specific environment by their respective profiles. As the DB connection is better to be kept in a property file, it remains external to an application and can be changed.
How To create profiles in Spring boot?
Spring Boot - by default - provides just one property file ( application.properties).
So, how will we segregate the properties based on the environment?
The solution would be to create more property files and add the "profile" name as the suffix and configure Spring Boot to pick the appropriate properties based on the profile. For example :
The application.properties will remain as a master properties file, but if we override any key in the profile-specific file, the latter will gain precedence.
How To Pick specific profile like Dev in Spring boot?
Spring only acts on a profile if it’s activated. Let’s look at the different ways to activate a profile.
The default profile is always active. Spring Boot loads all properties in application.properties into the default profile. We could rename the configuration file to application-default.properties and it would work the same.
This profile is a fallback property file. This means that if a property is defined in the default profile, but not in the foo profile, the property value will be populated from the default profile. This is very handy for defining default values that are valid across all profiles.
To activate other profiles than the default profile, we have to let Spring know which profiles we want to activate.
spring.profiles.active=dev
-Dspring.profiles.active=dev
SpringApplication application = new SpringApplication(.class)
SpringApplication.setAdditionalProfiles("dev");
application.run(args);
Multiple sources too can be active using -
spring.profiles.active=prod, dev
-Dspring.profiles.active=prod,dev
If common properties are there in both then last one will override - here Dev will override
How Can we configure A bean to be created only in a certain Profile?
With profiles, we can also control which beans are loaded into Spring’s application context.
@Component
@Profile("Test")
class TestBean {
This bean will automatically be picked up by Spring Boot’s classpath scan because we used the @Component annotation.
The bean will not be instantiated and not be added to the application context if profile is not Test.
Use Profile-Specific Beans Responsibly!
Adding certain beans to the application context for one profile, but not for another, can quickly add complexity in application! We always have to pause and think if a bean is available in a particular profile or not, otherwise, this may cause NoSuchBeanDefinitionExceptions when other beans depend on it!
What is @Profile Annotation used for?
@Profile annotation associates a bean to a particular profile
The @Profile annotation simply takes the names of one or multiple profiles.
Ex: We need a bean that should only be active during development, but not production
@Profile("!dev")
@Component
What is @PropertySource Annotation used for?

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