The abbey of Sant'Antimo is a Benedictine monastic complex, located at Castelnuovo dell'Abate, within the municipality of Montalcino, in the province of Siena. It is one of the most important architectures of the Tuscan Romanesque. The primitive nucleus of the abbey of Sant'Antimo dates back to the cult of the relics of Sant'Antimo di Arezzo, on whose death, in 352, a small oratory was built on the site of his martyrdom. In 770 the Lombards commissioned the Pistoian abbot Tao to begin the construction of a Benedictine monastery and also entrusted him with the management of the state property of the territory. The abbeys were used as a stopover by pilgrims on their way to Rome, by merchants, by soldiers and by the messengers of the kings.
The apse of the Carolingian chapel, currently the sacristy of the church.
Charlemagne, returning from Rome in 781, retracing the great road created by the Lombards, later called "Francigena" because "road originated by the Franks", reached Sant'Antimo and placed his seal on the foundation of the monastery. The foundation by Charlemagne is almost certainly to be interpreted as a pure medieval legend. On 29 December 814 a document of Louis the Pious, son and successor of Charles, enriches the abbey with gifts and privileges. The abbey becomes in effect, an imperial abbey. In 1118 the construction of the new church began, under the guidance of Abbot Guidone. The most important point of reference for the project of the new church is the great Benedictine abbey of Cluny. The abbot requests the intervention of French architects to design the new building, which is partly inspired by the Benedictine church of 1050 in Vignory. In 1870 the abbey of Sant'Antimo was inhabited by a sharecropper, who stayed in the bishop's apartment, used the Carolingian crypt as a cellar, the church as a farm shed and the cloister for the animals. The same year the abbey passes under the jurisdiction of the Fine Arts. With seven restoration campaigns the abbey comes to be in its present state. Currently the abbey is managed for liturgical and cultural events by the archdiocese of Siena, but no monastic community resides there.
On the two sides of the portal there are the two travertine lions that should have supported the two columns of the porch. The abbey contains various works of art, such as the stone baptismal font and the fresco of Jesus on the Cross with a martyr bishop, saint sebastian and the client kneeling, but certainly the most beautiful and important is the capital with "Daniel in the Lions' den", the work of the Master of Cabestany: in it the master was able to assemble and sculpt in a minimum space all the salient scenes of the biblical story, which is narrated in chapter 6 of the Book of the Prophet Daniel . Behind the altar there is one of the most beautiful and precious works that are kept in the temple the large medieval painted Crucifix. Antimo. In the apse there is a fresco of the 16th-15th century, attributed to Spinello Aretino or to the school of Taddeo di Bartolo, depicting St. Gregory the Great, on the right, recognizable by his two papal insignia, and St. Sebastian, on the left, recognizable because in the right hand holds an arrow, while in the left the palm of martyrdom. According to a hypothesis of scholars, much of the church was frescoed, as evidenced by some traces of plaster in the apse, although only the frescoes of the ambulatory and the Carolingian chapel remain.
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