Menstrual cycle Part 1||Female Reproductive System
In This Class We Will Discuss About Menstrual cycle Part 1
The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes in hormone production and the structures of the uterus and ovaries of the female reproductive system that make pregnancy possible. The ovarian cycle controls the production and release of eggs and the cyclic release of estrogen and progesterone. The uterine cycle governs the preparation and maintenance of the lining of the uterus (womb) to receive a fertilized egg. These cycles are concurrent and coordinated, normally last between 21 and 35 days in adult women, with a median length of 28 days, and continue on average for 30-45 years
Menstrual phase
The menstrual cycle encompasses the ovarian and uterine cycles. The ovarian cycle describes changes that occur in the follicles of the ovary,[1] whereas the uterine cycle describes changes in the endometrial lining of the uterus. Both cycles can be divided into phases. The ovarian cycle consists of alternating follicular and luteal phases, and the uterine cycle consists of menstruation, the proliferative phase, and the secretory phase.[2] The menstrual cycle is controlled by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland in the brain. The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), which causes the nearby anterior pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Before puberty GnRH is released in low steady quantities and at a steady rate. After puberty GnRH is released in large pulses and the frequency and magnitude of these determine how much FSH and LH are produced by the pituitary.[3]
Measured from the first day of one menstruation to the first day of the next, the length of a menstrual cycle varies, and has a median length of 28 days.[4] The cycle is often less regular at the beginning and end of a woman's reproductive life.[4] At puberty a child's body begins to mature into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction; the first period (called menarche) occurs at around 12 years of age,[5] Menstrual cycles end at menopause, which is usually between 45 and 55 years of age.[6][7] and continue on average for 30-45 years.[8] The cessation of menstrual cycles at the end of a woman's reproductive period at menopause commonly occurs between the ages of 45 and 55
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