I used acetone to extract acetaminophen from generic Tylenol pills before. Though the only inactive ingredients were methyl cellulose, propylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol. Methyl cellulose is mostly insoluble, so it’s easy to remove. The acetone was distilled off, and the product was recrystallized from water to remove propylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol. It worked really well

Choranil as a precursor to chemo drugs and explosives? I love chemistry!

@bromisovalum8417

5 ай бұрын

It can also be used as an aromatisation/cyclisation catalyst equal to DDQ

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

AND beautiful pigments! 😁

@BillAnt

5 ай бұрын

After all NG is used as a vasodilator and also goes boom. hehe

Super movie! I once read about this compound because I really needed it for my work on luminous substances. I couldn't find a good recipe anywhere, so I stopped researching. I'm watching your video now and it seems to me that I've heard about this substance somewhere before. Suddenly boom! This is the missing block. Paracetamol is a wonderful raw material for chemistry enthusiasts. First of all, it is very cheap. So cheap that it can compete with phenol, and it doesn't stink. Secondly, we have two very cool functional groups in position 1, 4. The amino group can be freely changed by the Sandmayer reaction. You can even just remove it. The hydroxyl group can also be easily transformed. And thirdly! As a gift, they give us protection of the amino group - by acylation. I myself love to start the synthesis with paracetamol. I planned to get ryvanol (ethacridine lactate, a skin disinfectant) from it. In total I collected half a kilo of paracetamol. Use hot acetone for extraction. You cool the solution and crystals the size of corn form. The solution after crystallization is used again for extraction.

That recrystallization was so cool thanks for letting us watch 👀

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

No problem at all :)

I really love your videos, they remind me a lot of NileRed's earlier videos, before they got bloated af

@stocktonnash

5 ай бұрын

when he still made videos instead of shorts.

@BillAnt

5 ай бұрын

I agree NR turned into too much fluff and theatrics for the sake of likes.... lost its essence.

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

I always feel bad criticizing his stuff because I LOVED his videos like a decade ago.. it's more sad to me because obviously I don't see value in the stuff he makes now, but the radical change in direction makes sense from a financial standpoint. Doubt I'll ever get rich doing this 🤣 regardless thank you very much, means a lot!

@alexsocial9525

5 ай бұрын

i agree with you. NR first videos were much better. i can always appreciate learning from someone more knowledgable than me and his first videos were laboratory essays through and through... too bad he changed into making silly stuff. purple gold... can we all say a big "who cares"? organic chemistry is cooler than some shiny piece of metal

Man people like you need more views and support for the stuff your doing

any explosive with a name that sounds like annihilate must be cool. I upvote for the lead compound.

Just seriously, thank you. Thank you for not being just like everyone else and making picric acid from a pill, again. Not saying that the stuff itself isnt cool, its just so yesterday. This however, this was new. Very cool. Loved watching the recrystallization and love how you go quiet and we all just appreciate the snow falling on beakers.

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

Thank you so much! I was worried nobody would want to watch this since it's not an explosive or a drug precursor, but I am happy to see the video is doing pretty okay. It is tempting to do those simple videos on "edgy" chemicals like picric acid, methylamine, nitroglycerin, etc. as those videos are guaranteed to do well, but it is VERY encouraging to see people are interested in seeing something completely new!

@alllove1754

5 ай бұрын

@@integral_chemistry real chemistry is always really cool, especially when the channel loves it and that passion is felt. I liked this because it was something new.

Very cool!

Glad you know what your doing 😮

Cool video.Lead nitranilate energetic sounds interesting.

Very well presented. Good luck!

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

Thank you 😁

Sounds like this one was a real... headache 😅

@chikianglim3632

5 ай бұрын

Very funny😑

@Killerhurtz

5 ай бұрын

If only he had something to treat the headache close at hand.....

Never heard of this chemical before. Deyes sound like an interesting side of chemistry, that isn't explored on YT very much. I would like to see more about them. I would also be interested in the primary explosive, since I find energetics to be interesting, but drugs (both medicine and "street drugs") don't really interest me currently.

Making pure isocyanuratic acid for home made super glue would also be an awesome reaction to explore!

Very nice!! p-chloranil is also a mild oxidant in organic synthesis especially to make porphyrins

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

I saw something about that but nothing concrete (I was actually hoping people like you with more knowledge on this chemical would come across this video and offer tips like this lol). Definitely seems to be a very versatile reagent

@bromisovalum8417

5 ай бұрын

@@integral_chemistry There's a short (2 page) review paper on the use of chloranil in dehydrogenation reactions you should check. google chloranil Derek R. Buckle 2001

@bromisovalum8417

5 ай бұрын

if you have email or a twitter account or something I can send you the full papers if you want

@niconeuman

5 ай бұрын

If you search porphyrin synthesis with p-chloranil there will be many references. I don't have any in hand now.

more fluid and stirring helps the foam collapse.

yessir mr g

I would love to see the diaziquone synthesis!

Would enjoy both products ig. Either a great multistep organic synthesis Or explosions😂

@BillAnt

5 ай бұрын

NileRed or F&E. Hmmm... lol

@integralchemistry can you explain how is the form to make the lead explosive that you teel?

Good video, very pretty crystals too. It's good to know that acetone (maybe MEK works even better?) is suited as a recrystallization solvent. Maybe it could be done in a continous manner in a soxhlet extractor... When I did this experiment, I found by TLC that there were two, maybe three spots rather close together in my product (Rf about 0,71 in petrol ether/ethyl acetate 3/2 on silica G F254, maybe use 3/1). Presumably those are the trichloro derivatives, maybe tetrachlorohydroquinone... From what I read, it is an absolute pain to actually remove those. Chloranil can be sublimed, but maybe those impurities can too. Have you done any further analysis of your product?

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

Thanks for the info! I suspected there could be some not fully chlorinated byproducts, and it's good to hear you did some additional testing to support this. Unfortunately yeah I don't think there is any practical way to separate these out, as their properties would just be too similar to chloranil. Best thing I can think of would just be further chlorination with Cl2 to force the reaction to completion. Regardless I did read that very high purity is basically impossible and extremely difficult even in professional labs. It does seem that most of the projects I was looking to use this for are very tolerant of these minor impurities, so fingers crossed. I really should buy some TLC plates..

@user-eb3nm8cr7i

5 ай бұрын

@@integral_chemistry Yeah, I presume the most practical way would be to oxidize it again. And good to know that the follow up reactions tend to be unaffected by the impurities. As for TLC, I can only recommend it. If you buy glass backed plates, you may also need a glass cutter (get one with a diamond tip, they are cheap, score them along a straightedge from the back once but hard and all the way to the edges, then they'll snap easily and cleanly). If you buy aluminium backed ones, get a cheap paper cutter (one with a blade lever) to cut them. If you want to get into TLC, I can recommend the book "Thin Layer Chromatography: A Laboratory Handbook" by Egon Stahl in the English translation, it's very comprehensive.

00:34 yes

Aaaa! Using thermometer as stir rod! Olden days Lab TA annoyance rising! 😅

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

I did it again?! oh yeah in the crystallized paracetamol. Yeahh that has been my hardest habit to break lol (especially in recrystallizations since I always toss in a thermometer)

@chemistryofquestionablequa6252

2 ай бұрын

@@integral_chemistrydon’t worry, we all do it.

Quinones are often used as photography developer. I might give this a go and see if it works. Edit: after seeing its properties maybe not 😂

@FullModernAlchemist

5 ай бұрын

Side note, how sensitive is the aqua regia reaction to the concentration of the acid? I’m wondering if doing it in a more dilute solution of everything would make this less foamy and troublesome.

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

LMAO yeah it's definitely an unpleasant chemical (smells strongly of chlorine gas, very acrid). But as for your question I'm not actually sure as I didn't Experiment much with that. My assumption is that the concentration probably needs to be quite high as chloranil is a chlorodehydrating agent and hydrolyzes when the proportion of water gets too high.. I'm just not sure exactly where that line is

Impressive, how you never heard of benzoquinone but got the mechanism right imo, lol

Hi, i did this reaction in the pass and i made some studies on the product (FTIR, HNMR, CNMR) and i found that this is a mixture of chloranil and trichloroquinone. What i did to fix this problem is to use hydrogen peroxide in the first reaction. Next filter all the yellow product and then make again the same reaction with the yellow mixture (aqua regia + hydrogen peroxide) and apply heat (70°) for 2 h. This produces pure chloranil in 70% yield. Chloranil.doesn't have strong smell and looks a little green. I hope this can help somebody!

Nice, never heard about this procedure (which is no surprise given my focus on AC 😉) and I am really curious if you will suceed in making the desired pigment. Good luck for it.👍 In any case I find things like this far more interesting than the synthesis of cubane for example, a substance which has nearly no applications, but the synthesis seems to be replicated by nearly every chemistry creator at the moment... 🙄 Better stick with things like this which are rarely found on KZread - dyes are a great focus anyways.

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

Happy to hear you found it interesting! And yeah I have found that doing things like this that don't already exist on KZread to be more gratifying in a way, and typically better performing. I've got a few other ideas I'm looking into that aren't yet done here on YT. As for the violet pigment I honestly expected this to be the toughest part, but it turns out the other required reagent is called 3-amino-N-ethylcarbazole which looks like a very long procedure (from napthalene). May be a few months out but fingers crossed!

@experimental_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

​@@integral_chemistry🤞

There is a neat paper that uses chloranil in presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid to do an oxidative cyclisation of citral. alpha,para-dimethylstyrene is obtained in good yield as the major product. Barton and Parekh, Synthetic Communications 1989

How is the name of the primary explosive spelled? I couldn't hear it very well in the video, so I am unsure about the spelling?

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

It's lead nitranilate, although you might have a tough time finding much literature on it (although if you do definitely let me know)

@nobody4248

5 ай бұрын

@@integral_chemistry thanks

DDQ would be an interesting one.

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

Do you have any ideas of what DDQ could be used to make? I was thinking about it but not sure what I'd do with the stuff

@bromisovalum8417

5 ай бұрын

@@integral_chemistry It's also a dehydrogenation/aromatisation catalyst, like DEAD and chloranil. They can be used interchangably for many such reactions, although DDQ is the more active and more practical reagent.

So practically, it is the oxidation of paracetamol with aqua regia ? I bet for violet stuff.

@bromisovalum8417

5 ай бұрын

19th century style,, but it seems to work well

You could make DDQ out of it if you want

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

I was considering that, but I'm not sure what I'd use it for (and it's VERY toxic)

Exellent video! I wood need to get Hydroquinone and Paraphenylendiamine. Can they be done or is very complicated?

@integral_chemistry

27 күн бұрын

I'm actually working on a video on hydroquinone right now! It's a bit tougher than this (but much safer) and I'm not exactly sure on the paraphenyldaimine but it sounds a bit tougher. You trying to make photo developer?

@giovanniagnolio8857

26 күн бұрын

@@integral_chemistry Yeah! I live in a country (Uruguay) where you cant no longer find almost any photographic developer. And the idea is try to prepared them myself, since I also had problems importing them!!! PD: Excuse my English, I´m using Google translator

@giovanniagnolio8857

26 күн бұрын

@@integral_chemistry I would also be interesed in knowing how to obtain Paraminophenol (OH-NH2), which would be the intermedia between Hidroquinone (OH-OH) and Paraphenilendiamine (HN2-NH2) all in the PARA position (1-4) THANK YOU

Paracetamol sale in Germany pharmacies is highly restricted due to people intoxicatiing themselves with it.

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

Like intentionally? Sounds like the worst recreational drug ever

@RalfStephan

5 ай бұрын

@@integral_chemistry Not recreational, but simply for killing pain. When it's cheap and OTC, people will overdose and kill their livers. Of course, with alcohol it's worse, and people take everything with alcohol.

@EddieTheH

5 ай бұрын

​@@RalfStephan Yeah, I always figured it was an awful drug. To me, it's toxicity far outweighs it's effectiveness, which I personally can't differentiate from placebo.

@RalfStephan

5 ай бұрын

@@EddieTheH Actually, the scientific literature has only a few studies that show paracetamol effective with killing pain, for example with back pain. But many studies with other types of pain showed it being ineffective. That doesn't bother people, though, they feel it helps somewhat, then they increase dose because it's cheap and available, and then they find themselves in the emergency room.

@expl0it306

4 ай бұрын

@@integral_chemistrys u ide..

Ya explosive all the way

Well of course things didn't go smoothly, just look how yellow it is!

make hgh next

Could chloranil be turned into quinone through any methods? Would be a useful route to produce quinone in a home lab.

@BillAnt

5 ай бұрын

Would be interesting to see it turned into the covid med hydroxychloroquine. ;)

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

I mean theoretically you could just oxidize tylenol straight to the quinone. Probably an initial hydrolysis in dilute sulfuric acid followed by oxidation with a milder oxidant like chromate or manganese dioxide.. I'll have to give it a try

@ashe1.070

5 ай бұрын

P-quinone can be easily prepared by oxidation of hydroquinone using hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by iodine in isopropanol at about 45 C. There’s some procedures for this reaction in patent US4973720. I tried this out about two years ago, and can confirm that it works well. The yields aren’t bad either. Some tips: monitor the temp closely to avoid thermal runaway, and add the H2O2 dropwise. The product is contaminated with iodine, unreacted hydroquinone, and quinhydrone, so I recrystallized it from boiling methanol. That might not be the best solvent, so you can experiment to improve the process. It can also be purified by sublimation under vacuum. The product is fairly unstable especially when exposed to light; it degrades to quinhydrone. So, use it quickly. Be aware that p-quinone is toxic, and produces very irritating vapor as it sublimes at room temp. Other methods can be found on KZread, science madness, Rhodium, and OrgSyn such as oxidation with sodium bromate, chromic acid, chromium trioxide, or chlorates and vanadium pentoxide. However, the H2O2/I2/IPA oxidation reaction is the best.

@kizmelelf

5 ай бұрын

Orgsyn has an article for benzoquinone from p-aminophenol using dichromate. There is also a whole thread about making benzoquinone from tylenol on sciencemadness. The big problem they came across was that p-aminophenol is very vulnerable to sulfonation. Thus using sulfuric acid lead to severe product contamination/no desired product. I forget if that was shown to be the case for dilute sulfuric acid as well. Anyway, considering that benzoquinone is a commonly used photochemical oxidant and organic building block, making a video on that synthesis would be quite interesting.

@BillAnt

5 ай бұрын

​@@integral_chemistry- Perhaps using potassium permanganate in a dilute solution would work too for oxidation.

Do the lead nitroanilate please but keep your quantity small so you dont asplode yourself.

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

Yeahh it seems very energetic so I'm looking to make maybe a half gram

Best solvent for this extraction is acetone

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

For the initial extraction from tylenol?

@Energetics_Testing

5 ай бұрын

@@integral_chemistry yeah,i think thats what he is trying to say and IIRC the "best solvent for this extraction" is different for every country because they dont always use the same binders.

You wouldn't happen to know how to de acetalate to leave just para amino phenol?

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

Yeah just a simple acid hydrolysis by boiling in very dilute HCl. P-aminophenol is super sensitive to oxidation though so best to be quick isolating it once you finish or it'll all turn pink/purple as it completely oxidizes

@petevenuti7355

5 ай бұрын

@@integral_chemistry guess I shouldn't have used SO4 and took my time then... Makes sense. TY

I know it looks good on camera but you'd want to keep stirring during recrystallization.

@derktewinkel

5 ай бұрын

Why? To speed it up? Crystallizations tend to be cleaner when done slowly

@ashe1.070

5 ай бұрын

Generally you don’t keep stirring during recrystallizations. You want the product to crystallize as slowly as possible to get a purer product. Stirring is useful during the initial dissolution of the compound, but after that the stirring is discontinued.

@user-eb3nm8cr7i

5 ай бұрын

@@ashe1.070 It's more nuanced than that. Stirring during the recrystallization will generally produce smaller crystals, yes. But bigger is not always better. Larger crystals have a propensity to entrap mother liquor inside them, which is undesirable, since it cannot be washed out afterwards. Smaller crystals do that less, but they have more surface area for mother liquor to adhere to, which is also undesirable but can be washed out afterwards. Depending on the compound, one or the other is better suited.

@ashe1.070

5 ай бұрын

@@user-eb3nm8cr7i Yeah I was just speaking in general terms. Nothing is black and white.

Noice

Next video: How to make DDT

Duno what’s happened but I’m going to miss Paul H.

Can you synthesize make dycianin

@bromisovalum8417

5 ай бұрын

It can be done, but it takes quite a few steps. Everything is over the counter though. You start with paracetamol. Ethylate using ethyl iodide & K2CO3 in MEK at 80°C giving phenacetine (alternatively EtBr can be used). Hydrolysis of phenacetine in aqueous acid gives p-phenetidine (= 4-ethoxyaniline). The Doebner-von Miller reaction using p-phenetidine, acetaldehyde or paraldehyde and acetone (while gaseous HCl is bubbled in) results in 2,4-dimethyl-6-ethoxyquinoline. Preparation of the quaternary salt 2,4-dimethyl-6-ethoxyquinoline ethiodide, and oxidation of the latter with air in presence of NaOMe gives dicyanin A, which can be precipitated as the nitrate or iodide salt. I have dug up the literature on every step, if you're interested. It's a lot of work but it can be done using easily available chemicals all the way.

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

I can definitely look into it, although I'm not sure I've ever even heard of this particular chemical 😅

@bromisovalum8417

5 ай бұрын

@@integral_chemistry It is alleged it can make you see human auras. There is an old book from the early 1920s called The Human Atmosphere by Walter J. Kilner, he used glass coated with dicyanin A dye to look at people, it shifts light from the invisible spectrum to the visible. There's a whole spooky lore surrounding it, and the dye is very hard to get commercially.

It is called dioxazine violet, not dioxane :)

@integral_chemistry

Ай бұрын

Oof thank you for the correction before I embarrass myself with part 2

As a chemist in the pharma industry, I'll say that we don't make chemo drugs without serious precautions and prior training in how to safely handle potent substances. I would honestly advise against it.

@anchopanchorancho

5 ай бұрын

Boo. Lab safety is lab safety. You either have it or not, regardless of what you are synthesizing.

@integral_chemistry

5 ай бұрын

Yeah I did look into it a bit more yesterday, and I do think the risk outweighs the benefit when it comes to making chemo medications.. As a side note you likely know this since you make them, but the idea for chemotherapy came from WW1 soldiers who actually survived chemical attacks having reduced tumor mass

@elnombre91

5 ай бұрын

@@integral_chemistry yeah, it's cool chemistry but you only get one life and you don't want to give yourself cancer when the odds are already lowering that we'll all get it at some point. I hope you know I wasn't trying to criticise your chemistry ability or ability to work safely! I did know that, I did a course on the chemistry of cancer during my undergrad and it was super interesting 😁

@jhoughjr1

5 ай бұрын

But it’s “medicine” to play chicken with poison .

@elnombre91

5 ай бұрын

@@anchopanchorancho in the pharma industry you are not allowed to work with potent compounds labelled OEB4 or OEB5 without explicit training on safe handling and decontamination practices for work with potent substances. Just because someone is working with a potent substance in a home lab, does not change the amount that you can be safely exposed to. I have been trained to synthesise and handle potent drug substances, still wouldn't do it in a home lab.