Make a Solar Cell - TiO2/Raspberry based

Ғылым және технология

In this video we show how to make a dye sensitized solar cell based on titanium dioxide and anthocyanin found in raspberries.
First get some titanium dioxide (anatase structure), about 0.5g will do. Then mix it with drops of vinegar until it has the consistency of thin paint or liquid corrector fluid. Add a drop of dishwashing detergent. This is to make it stick to the glass.
Now get a piece of indium tin oxide glass. The indium tin oxide glass was purchased from delta technologies www.delta-technologies.com/
using a multimeter set to measure resistance, find the conductive side by measuring the resistance of the glass. The side that's conductive will have a much lower resistance than the non-conductive side.
Tape the glass on three sides onto a flat surface, conductive side up. there should be able 5mm of tape on each edge. The tape will serve as a spacer guide for the titanium dioxide.
Now using a glass rod, apply the titanium dioxide paint to the conductive of the indium tin oxide glass. Slide the rod across the tape so that it smears the paint evenly and smoothly across the glass. If the paint leaves streaks, you need to add more vinegar and try again. It should go on with a smooth coat.
Now let the slide dry on air. Then carefully peel off the tape and get the slide. Use a damp cloth to clean off any excess titanium dioxide that might have oozed around behind the slide or off the edges.
Place the slide, conductive side up, on a hot-plate and heat to 200+ celsius (preferably 550 celsius). The detergent and the vinegar will burn away and bake together the particles of titanium dioxide so that they stick to the glass. At first it will turn yellow and then turn light again as this happens. The whole process takes about 20 minutes.
As that happens, get some fresh raspberries (juice made from artificial flavoring cannot be used) and crush them.
Now get the cooled titanium dioxide slide and pour a few drops of the raspberry juice onto it. Be careful not to damage the titanium dioxide. Let it sit for a few minutes so the anthocyanin dyes absorb into the titanium dioxide.
Then carefully pour water and alcohol over the slide to wash away raspberry bits and other chemicals we don't need. Let the slide dry.
Take another indium tin oxide glass slide and pass the conductive side through a candle flame several times. This will build up a layer of soot that we need to catalyze the redox shuttle. Carefully wipe away the excess soot from the edges so that they match with the titanium dioxide from the slide.
Now we make the redox shuttle and electrolyte by mixing 127mg of iodine crystals with 830mg of potassium iodide and 10mL ethylene glycol. Mix thoroughly until completely dissolved.
Place a few drops of the redox shuttle and electrolyte onto the titanium dioxide and place over it the soot covered slide. The coated sides must be facing each other. Be sure to offset the slides so that you can access the conductive sides of both.
Bind the slides together using binder clips.
And that's done. the positive side is the soot covered slide, while the negative side is the titanium dioxide slide. Use alligator clips to contact the exposed sides.
The titanium dioxide (anatase type) and potassium iodide and iodine were purchased from Alfa Aesar. www.alfa.com

Пікірлер: 735

  • @ScatteredParticles
    @ScatteredParticles12 жыл бұрын

    I'm about to spend my next two years investigating DSCs, and happened to remember an old NurdRage video about solar cells. Wouldn't you know it, it's the perfect introduction to the field! Thanks to your simple, experimental approach to chemistry, I have an excellent complement the information I find in my first articles. Many thanks from an long-standing fan! Keep up the good work!

  • @dr4cula
    @dr4cula14 жыл бұрын

    Man, every time I see your video, my mind is just blown that you can do so many things with just regular stuff and without spending thousands on various chemicals. Keep up the good work :)

  • @PotionsMaster666
    @PotionsMaster6663 жыл бұрын

    When you used the raspberries I quickly checked if this video was uploaded on 1 April lol... But when you explained how it worked, everything became clear as a daylight .... I should've never known such thing is possible... Thnx man you're awesome

  • @m4rv1n69m4rt14n
    @m4rv1n69m4rt14n11 жыл бұрын

    I like science but I never found anyone passionate enough to teach science the way you do. Keep up the GREAT work :-) !!!!!!!!!!!!

  • @dannyflint9840
    @dannyflint98407 жыл бұрын

    its 3.32am i learnt how to grow potatoes in buckets, harvest marajuana and make solar cells. i am unemployed

  • @MedChemist1

    @MedChemist1

    7 жыл бұрын

    a bit more research and you sir may have a hydroponics farm ;)

  • @PotionsMaster666

    @PotionsMaster666

    3 жыл бұрын

    @aud_io 😭 I feel you man, but life's just so fucking pain in the arse...

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage14 жыл бұрын

    @ginywiny I only made the weak version in the video, you can be the one that makes the powerful/cheap version that pwns silicon and makes BILLION$

  • @gh0stmast3r
    @gh0stmast3r10 жыл бұрын

    when i first saw this about a year or two ago it looked like it was impossibly hard and complex, now that i've been working on my own projects it doesn't seem to be so crazy anymore.

  • @edmunddekock3279

    @edmunddekock3279

    7 жыл бұрын

    I am interested to hear about your project, what did you find that is a better electrolyte than the one used in this video, also what semi-conductor did you use?

  • @gh0stmast3r

    @gh0stmast3r

    7 жыл бұрын

    Edmund De Kock, I never actually did this myself I got a fiancee and that honestly is more complicated than anything I've ever done.

  • @mohammedkhan5344

    @mohammedkhan5344

    5 жыл бұрын

    I seem to keep returning to this every year, it's about time I actually made it and started experimenting with it, it seriously sounds stimulating

  • @DameAndThatGame
    @DameAndThatGame8 жыл бұрын

    I cant believe iv never watched this, amazing..

  • @Helmutlozzi
    @Helmutlozzi14 жыл бұрын

    Awesome vid, Nurdrage. Its incredible how "simple" a solar cell can be made.

  • @Quaker763
    @Quaker76312 жыл бұрын

    I showed this to my entire class with my teacher watching and they liked it! Great video mate :D

  • @globalarte
    @globalarte14 жыл бұрын

    Thanks"Nurd"for loving humanity and sharing this.

  • @magicbuskey
    @magicbuskey14 жыл бұрын

    I really like how you're teaching regular people the theory just in case someone might have an epiphany that changes the world and furthers technology. :D

  • @luishandal
    @luishandal13 жыл бұрын

    i gotta tell u man im dumb as a brick and know nothing of chemistry but i am wildy entertained by your videos

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage13 жыл бұрын

    @blueduderanch I *wasn't* referring to that, i was referring to the cell built in the video. How is saying my raspberry solar cell having a short lifetime is incorrect?

  • @AyngelOfSimpathy
    @AyngelOfSimpathy14 жыл бұрын

    I've never been very good at science, but it's so fascinating to watch your videos,they are also quite entertaining, you make science fun, I've never been able to find that in many other places, and it's kind of inspiring, but I am so accident prone I couldn't actually do any of this, but for you to show all the reactions and everything, it's awesome cause I can learn so much from you. thanks for posting so many interesting and awesome videos.

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage14 жыл бұрын

    @Cickarn white paint usually also has lots of other components like binders, organic additives, solvents etc. thus the quality and reproducibility of the cell is not as good as if you made the paint yourself. But if you do find a particular paint that does work as well as pure paint you made yourself, let me know. :)

  • @Nighthawkinlight
    @Nighthawkinlight13 жыл бұрын

    Very well done! Every time I stop by your channel your videos have become more professional. Where's the ad though? You're losing some money. I've been having trouble with obscenely long delays in video approval myself.

  • @MrBradshawbenjamin

    @MrBradshawbenjamin

    3 жыл бұрын

    This comment is a snapshot of a slice of youtube history, cool to see

  • @thanukadananjaya7631
    @thanukadananjaya763110 жыл бұрын

    i have carried a research in DSSC and i used normal float glass since we do not have conductive glass in my country, and after some more new improvements i was able to make a cell of 1V and 0.2 A it is not still as good as the commercial cell but it was a great improvement. i hope to continue this research during my college time as well. If this technology is developed we can solve the power crisis over night.

  • @proff327
    @proff32713 жыл бұрын

    I love your videos! I'm a grad student now (inorganic) and I love to watch. Keep it up!

  • @Cheejyg
    @Cheejyg14 жыл бұрын

    I love this. other youtubers do the experiment but never explain them except you! :)

  • @Michealfarmer
    @Michealfarmer9 жыл бұрын

    Its great to have all the suggestions for improvements at the end. Thanks heaps for the video! Appreciate it!

  • @adanolivera4500
    @adanolivera450010 жыл бұрын

    honestly if schools could teach students with these examples in live testing then many students such as myself wouldnt have failed chemistry. i majored in physics but failed terribly in chemistry, my first year of high i never understood it and i dont know how guessing things would make me scrape and pass to move on to the second and third year of highschool, unfortunately in my forth year my luck ran out and i failed, it would have been fascinating to learn chemistry.i wish i can go back and learn it. that was a nice vid man,

  • @downtroddendave860

    @downtroddendave860

    8 жыл бұрын

    +Adan Olivera Blame the teacher(s) not the generalized 'schools'. You could also blame yourslef, if you so choose, but that may also be unfair.

  • @fakiirification

    @fakiirification

    7 жыл бұрын

    I agree, the education system is backwards on math and science. Practical applications should be taught first, followed by theory and formulas. When you see something work, it makes you curious how, and more receptive to the theory side. sitting students in a lecture hall for 6 months working formulas on paper is a complete waste, as no curiosity is generated, therefore the work seems like busywork with no point, and most students zone out.

  • @JoseRamos-mq2yn

    @JoseRamos-mq2yn

    6 жыл бұрын

    I start my internship tomorrow,this what I’m going to make

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage13 жыл бұрын

    @blueduderanch Those statements were in reference to the whole cell. i made no statement about cost or lifetime to the titanium dioxide.

  • @negrisio9821
    @negrisio982113 жыл бұрын

    hermoso... que dedicacion y tiempo invertido en todos estos videos. He aprendido mucho. Thanks for the vids... still learning alot... Hope your channel is still available for my kids.

  • @luishandal
    @luishandal13 жыл бұрын

    i gotta tell u man im dumb as a beick and know nothing of chemistry but i am wildy entertained by your videos

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage13 жыл бұрын

    @loling53 a lot of it can be purchased from hardware stores, painting stores, and online. I get most of my more rare chemicals from alfa aesar.

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage13 жыл бұрын

    @mouzmaster The detergent helps to spread the TiO2. Normally the TiO2 paste just beads up since the glass is hydrophobic. The detergent makes the paste stick so you can spread a thin layer of it without it pulling itself together into beads. :)

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage14 жыл бұрын

    @Stanilem how long have silicon solar cells been around? :P

  • @JohnKapsis1985
    @JohnKapsis198514 жыл бұрын

    i am very happy to be subscribed to you! thank you very much for being here!!!

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage14 жыл бұрын

    @spikespeigel Don't have to, the potassium triiodide redox shuttle automatically reduces it with the electrons that come through the back/counter electrode. All laid out in the diagram (although i do acknowledged i went through it pretty quick).

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage13 жыл бұрын

    @Nighthawkinlight Thanks, As for the Ad, its there. maybe you have an ad-blocker or you loaded it when the ad-server glitched.

  • @M1F2R3
    @M1F2R314 жыл бұрын

    You are the man, NurdRage!

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage14 жыл бұрын

    @HandMadeFireworks They are aluminum, but have 2mg of platinum coating. its small, but for this reaction that's all you need.

  • @BlackCalvinist
    @BlackCalvinist14 жыл бұрын

    Hey you're on now! Cool. Great job on this video...all the other ones too. One of these days, you're going to finally prod me into doing one of these experiments.

  • @ChirpysTinkerings
    @ChirpysTinkerings9 жыл бұрын

    I have a question, is the power produced based off of the color of the anthocyanin dye? Also, Im curious if anything would change if you used a more concentrated source of anthocyanin from lets say, a red cabbage?

  • @63NY1
    @63NY113 жыл бұрын

    your channel reminds me of how much i miss chemistry. Gunna take ap chem next year becuse of this channel. thanks.

  • @HandMadeFireworks
    @HandMadeFireworks14 жыл бұрын

    My first reaction when you started crushing rasperrys I thought "You got to be kidding... I think he got the calendar wrong and thought it was April 1st..." -_- But hey, it actuallty worked! Great video as usual!

  • @L33tP1ckL
    @L33tP1ckL14 жыл бұрын

    Your presentations are wonderful! It's a real shame that they don't teach 'you' in schools opposed to the current methods found in your typical chemistry classes. I speculate if they did, comprehension and let's not forget fun, enjoyment and desire would markedly improve.

  • @KnightMD
    @KnightMD14 жыл бұрын

    I wish youtube was invented when I was a kid.... this sounds like the stuff Iwould have loved to do in the garage...

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage13 жыл бұрын

    @blueduderanch what was incorrect about my statements on titanium dioxide?

  • @clssgn
    @clssgn3 жыл бұрын

    Lol, the motivation at the end tho! Nice. Sadly not my field of study in my undergrad thesis, but it could be for my grad thesis. Great work!

  • @maxmadini1368
    @maxmadini13689 жыл бұрын

    i will schow this video to my cemistry teatcher and hopewe wil do that in classs it looks verry fun ^^

  • @Merdam9
    @Merdam914 жыл бұрын

    This is so awesome experiment!!!

  • @oudotcom
    @oudotcom13 жыл бұрын

    Hi NurdRage, very well done. I hope this will get many more people interested to play with this stuff... The only thing that is very expensive is the ITO glas , but I think it is the PN layer of this ITO surface versus the TIO2 that actually converts the sunlight into electricity. Thus you might need to find a cheaper semiconductor than ITO coated glas that has about the same bandgap as ITO versus TiO2. Many thanks for this instruction how to build it. Regards, Stefan.

  • @toneykk
    @toneykk14 жыл бұрын

    man this is at some way a sep furder thanx 4 ur videos from mexico

  • @cubefan3
    @cubefan314 жыл бұрын

    im 14 and im in love with ur videos :D

  • @danagol1985
    @danagol198514 жыл бұрын

    Wow, really interesting video, thanks for posting. Also thanks for explaining how it actually works too :)

  • @Afrotechmods
    @Afrotechmods14 жыл бұрын

    You are awesome.

  • @qurrotatechnology2073

    @qurrotatechnology2073

    3 жыл бұрын

    Hey sir i subscribe your channel too..

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage14 жыл бұрын

    @jadenjak the dye is not expended during use, it decays because it's raspberries... and raspberries go bad eventually. Just like a gas generator is not a battery, but it decays from rust eventually.

  • @oFcRaveN
    @oFcRaveN14 жыл бұрын

    love how you crushed your raspberry = ]

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage13 жыл бұрын

    @blueduderanch incorrect? how so? titanium dioxide doesn't work?

  • @mikelmft
    @mikelmft11 жыл бұрын

    Hello, and thank you for your time to inspire others (like my son) to learn about DSSC's. My son has struggled to sinter TiO2 onto a plastic substrate (ITO film) - best results (though poor) were in an oven at 400F. Unfortunately, most of the TiO2 does not sinter to the film, but washes off when soaked with the dye. Any suggestions? Wondered about using electricity or even infrared to improve sintering outcome. Thank you again.

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage14 жыл бұрын

    @sbstransitbuses Vinegar, although after you already added in alot, you can add water too.

  • @FlorinTanasa
    @FlorinTanasa13 жыл бұрын

    Bravo. I try it to make this cell in three years ago. I got 0,525V. I used the glass for thermopane windows (the windows have an oxide layer on one side - I think is silver oxide) called Low-E For electrolit I used betadine. You can put a paper layer, in the middle, where one side has pencil fill - and this side, with pencil, is over smoked glass.

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage14 жыл бұрын

    @xmAdmAx57 i'm not too worried, a more effective cell probably wouldn't use raspberries, and whatever dye they find, can probably be made in bulk artificially. I'm more worried if the new dye is toxic, or made of rare elements.

  • @BarrioX5
    @BarrioX514 жыл бұрын

    I love your videos dude. Keep up your work. You should too more videos about batteries and electro chemistry :)

  • @imafirinmalaser
    @imafirinmalaser14 жыл бұрын

    That is amazing! I think it's time for some experimentation... :) Thankyou NurdRage!

  • @skyebuddha
    @skyebuddha14 жыл бұрын

    I love your videos!

  • @garrettparson
    @garrettparson12 жыл бұрын

    Great video! I have one question though how would someone combine solar cells to make one big solar panel? Thanks Garrett

  • @figgi0
    @figgi012 жыл бұрын

    THANK YOU!!! great videos man, im an enthusiast of chemistry, and i was wondering why you stopped uploading? thank you again

  • @0123456pablo
    @0123456pablo10 жыл бұрын

    Es impresionante muy buena explicacion me parecio impresionante el plastico conductivo o sea ITO (oxidos de io indio con tin sno) aplicados a paneles solares muy bueno es un material sorprendente usados en pantallas oled actualmente...

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage14 жыл бұрын

    @johnyz656 it can be done, but i personally don't have the equipment to make it. Lower grade doped tin-oxide can be made at home, but the resistance is too high to be useful for a solar cell.

  • @pyroguy1030
    @pyroguy103014 жыл бұрын

    Another great vid!

  • @sparkytuna123
    @sparkytuna12313 жыл бұрын

    great job you guy by the way loved your "making pennys gold thing!!!!

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage11 жыл бұрын

    it helps to suspend the particles so you can apply them to the surface without clumping. it burns away when the slide is sintered.

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage13 жыл бұрын

    @blueduderanch yes, how is that incorrect? the raspberry dye becomes unusable after a few days.

  • @TheSage555
    @TheSage55514 жыл бұрын

    This is incredible. Thanks for the demonstration! Where do you find your materials?

  • @Vitamin_Games
    @Vitamin_Games13 жыл бұрын

    Thanks so much for making this video it helped me come up with an IRP topic for this year. These cells are very cool! I would know now given that I researched them for hours. Also I found even more improvement then you listed at the end of your video. If anybody has any questions on how I made mine, how i got my materials, or about any research I did feel free to ask!

  • @hedgehoghero8692

    @hedgehoghero8692

    Жыл бұрын

    Hey. I know this is from 11 years ago, however I am writing a research report on these forms of solar cells, and your improvements would be greatly appreaciated! :D

  • @Zendukai
    @Zendukai14 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for your Videos Mr NurdRage

  • @zackeryshackelford3450
    @zackeryshackelford34506 жыл бұрын

    I'm wondering, do you think this would work using tomatoes which have been bred to produce anthocyanin? I am not sure of the concentrations they produce

  • @farislucas
    @farislucas14 жыл бұрын

    great video man

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage13 жыл бұрын

    @jeslimak use Anatase TiO2

  • @killemallnow123098
    @killemallnow12309814 жыл бұрын

    Exactly the power supply i needed for my solar death ray!

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage11 жыл бұрын

    you can also use platinum

  • @nathanepstein838
    @nathanepstein83811 жыл бұрын

    I keep watching this video like everyday.

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage14 жыл бұрын

    @Stanilem relatively new compared to the existing technology.

  • @imaball
    @imaball14 жыл бұрын

    the ending is so inspirational!

  • @frecmenta5114
    @frecmenta511410 жыл бұрын

    I have a question: can you anneal on cold the TIO2 on the glass? somehow? to make the crystals bond without heat ?

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage12 жыл бұрын

    @Phantasm911 The soot catalyzes the reduction of triiodide back into iodide.

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage14 жыл бұрын

    @leeofbacup Thus the need for solar power or other sources of energy to get the hydrogen.

  • @NurdRage
    @NurdRage12 жыл бұрын

    @mads9621 i haven't tried it, but i don't see why not. (BTW a small terminology issue: the triodide is actually the redox shuttle, the ethylene glycol is the solvent)

  • @omsingharjit
    @omsingharjit6 жыл бұрын

    I also wonder , I have many silicone based chip as junk from broken electronics , so i think can i i use old ic or processor or transistors to generate 3 - 6 voltage with 5 to 20 ma current to power small electronics like watch by Focusing Intense beam of light !!!!

  • @aliciaawesomeness
    @aliciaawesomeness9 жыл бұрын

    Would the pH of the anthocyanin effect the voltage emitted from the solar cell?

  • @zonac14
    @zonac1413 жыл бұрын

    i wish my school was more about this and you were my teacher

  • @aleksihakli
    @aleksihakli14 жыл бұрын

    Pretty inspirational, thanks for the video! :)

  • @rushianokun
    @rushianokun14 жыл бұрын

    YESSSSS thanks for such a GREAT science vid

  • @anthonyj777
    @anthonyj77713 жыл бұрын

    Brillant Video, best yet IMO, I'm into Electronics is why I suppose. Anyway, great work, love your channel.

  • @STARFIRESOLAR
    @STARFIRESOLAR12 жыл бұрын

    Pretty Cool Stuff! Thanks

  • @euntaekkim
    @euntaekkim14 жыл бұрын

    such a great video. thumbs up!

  • @trontotoro
    @trontotoro8 жыл бұрын

    Will it be enough if I only heat the slide to 225 celsius when fusing the titanium dioxide to the slide? I've found a cheap conductive PET plastic, but it has a melting point of 250 celsius.

  • @Sup3rman1c

    @Sup3rman1c

    7 жыл бұрын

    Might be, but then you need to keep it there for longer. Try and google "turning rutile titanium dioxide to anatase"

  • @shad0wburn3d
    @shad0wburn3d13 жыл бұрын

    Great Video!

  • @_Piers_
    @_Piers_14 жыл бұрын

    I just wanted to say thank you for this video... Just knowing that sort of thing is possible in a relativly low tech way is a real eye opener. It's been a long time since I did any chemistry, so my understanding of quite whythis works is not so good...I understand you explination of the way in which it works though, so that's a start at least. It's nice that it's possible to dabble in something that hopefully will be very important in the future.

  • @superdau
    @superdau14 жыл бұрын

    Nice! I did the experiment myself some time ago (using hibiscus tea for the dye). I also did some efficiency measurements depending on temperature, area and lighting conditions. I got a meager 0,0002 (0,02%) when heated to 60°C. But it worked! Btw NurdRage, be aware of the desk lamp you are using! I had the same model (from IKEA I think). The sliding contacts in the lower joints heated to almost 200°C (measured with an IR-thermometer after I saw the plastic melt away)

  • @nigri181
    @nigri1819 жыл бұрын

    AWESOME!!!!! KEEP ROCKING!

  • @intheshitter
    @intheshitter13 жыл бұрын

    I love you and I love science!

  • @nathanepstein838
    @nathanepstein83811 жыл бұрын

    Thanks!! IM doing another project on these type of solar cells. This time, since the TiO2 didn't stick last time, i'm going to add an epoxy to see if it will help sinter the TiO2 to the Conductive Metallic Film that i'm using!! Thanks for all your help on these DSSC's!!!! (:

  • @ankitnandi6439
    @ankitnandi64395 жыл бұрын

    Can we use Wite-Out correction fluid as the Titanium Dioxide layer maker and Pomegranates as the source of the dye ?

  • @metallurgico
    @metallurgico14 жыл бұрын

    it's exactly how i've done it at university lol, but i used black berries.. it's a really cool thing to do!

  • @ol123r
    @ol123r10 жыл бұрын

    Great video! But I have a question. What is the reason of heating the TiO2 besides securing the adherence to the ITO?

  • @Zyphs
    @Zyphs12 жыл бұрын

    thanks for the knowledge man.

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