Make a Solar Cell - TiO2/Raspberry based
Ғылым және технология
In this video we show how to make a dye sensitized solar cell based on titanium dioxide and anthocyanin found in raspberries.
First get some titanium dioxide (anatase structure), about 0.5g will do. Then mix it with drops of vinegar until it has the consistency of thin paint or liquid corrector fluid. Add a drop of dishwashing detergent. This is to make it stick to the glass.
Now get a piece of indium tin oxide glass. The indium tin oxide glass was purchased from delta technologies www.delta-technologies.com/
using a multimeter set to measure resistance, find the conductive side by measuring the resistance of the glass. The side that's conductive will have a much lower resistance than the non-conductive side.
Tape the glass on three sides onto a flat surface, conductive side up. there should be able 5mm of tape on each edge. The tape will serve as a spacer guide for the titanium dioxide.
Now using a glass rod, apply the titanium dioxide paint to the conductive of the indium tin oxide glass. Slide the rod across the tape so that it smears the paint evenly and smoothly across the glass. If the paint leaves streaks, you need to add more vinegar and try again. It should go on with a smooth coat.
Now let the slide dry on air. Then carefully peel off the tape and get the slide. Use a damp cloth to clean off any excess titanium dioxide that might have oozed around behind the slide or off the edges.
Place the slide, conductive side up, on a hot-plate and heat to 200+ celsius (preferably 550 celsius). The detergent and the vinegar will burn away and bake together the particles of titanium dioxide so that they stick to the glass. At first it will turn yellow and then turn light again as this happens. The whole process takes about 20 minutes.
As that happens, get some fresh raspberries (juice made from artificial flavoring cannot be used) and crush them.
Now get the cooled titanium dioxide slide and pour a few drops of the raspberry juice onto it. Be careful not to damage the titanium dioxide. Let it sit for a few minutes so the anthocyanin dyes absorb into the titanium dioxide.
Then carefully pour water and alcohol over the slide to wash away raspberry bits and other chemicals we don't need. Let the slide dry.
Take another indium tin oxide glass slide and pass the conductive side through a candle flame several times. This will build up a layer of soot that we need to catalyze the redox shuttle. Carefully wipe away the excess soot from the edges so that they match with the titanium dioxide from the slide.
Now we make the redox shuttle and electrolyte by mixing 127mg of iodine crystals with 830mg of potassium iodide and 10mL ethylene glycol. Mix thoroughly until completely dissolved.
Place a few drops of the redox shuttle and electrolyte onto the titanium dioxide and place over it the soot covered slide. The coated sides must be facing each other. Be sure to offset the slides so that you can access the conductive sides of both.
Bind the slides together using binder clips.
And that's done. the positive side is the soot covered slide, while the negative side is the titanium dioxide slide. Use alligator clips to contact the exposed sides.
The titanium dioxide (anatase type) and potassium iodide and iodine were purchased from Alfa Aesar. www.alfa.com
Пікірлер: 735
I'm about to spend my next two years investigating DSCs, and happened to remember an old NurdRage video about solar cells. Wouldn't you know it, it's the perfect introduction to the field! Thanks to your simple, experimental approach to chemistry, I have an excellent complement the information I find in my first articles. Many thanks from an long-standing fan! Keep up the good work!
Man, every time I see your video, my mind is just blown that you can do so many things with just regular stuff and without spending thousands on various chemicals. Keep up the good work :)
When you used the raspberries I quickly checked if this video was uploaded on 1 April lol... But when you explained how it worked, everything became clear as a daylight .... I should've never known such thing is possible... Thnx man you're awesome
I like science but I never found anyone passionate enough to teach science the way you do. Keep up the GREAT work :-) !!!!!!!!!!!!
its 3.32am i learnt how to grow potatoes in buckets, harvest marajuana and make solar cells. i am unemployed
@MedChemist1
7 жыл бұрын
a bit more research and you sir may have a hydroponics farm ;)
@PotionsMaster666
3 жыл бұрын
@aud_io 😭 I feel you man, but life's just so fucking pain in the arse...
@ginywiny I only made the weak version in the video, you can be the one that makes the powerful/cheap version that pwns silicon and makes BILLION$
when i first saw this about a year or two ago it looked like it was impossibly hard and complex, now that i've been working on my own projects it doesn't seem to be so crazy anymore.
@edmunddekock3279
7 жыл бұрын
I am interested to hear about your project, what did you find that is a better electrolyte than the one used in this video, also what semi-conductor did you use?
@gh0stmast3r
7 жыл бұрын
Edmund De Kock, I never actually did this myself I got a fiancee and that honestly is more complicated than anything I've ever done.
@mohammedkhan5344
5 жыл бұрын
I seem to keep returning to this every year, it's about time I actually made it and started experimenting with it, it seriously sounds stimulating
I cant believe iv never watched this, amazing..
Awesome vid, Nurdrage. Its incredible how "simple" a solar cell can be made.
I showed this to my entire class with my teacher watching and they liked it! Great video mate :D
Thanks"Nurd"for loving humanity and sharing this.
I really like how you're teaching regular people the theory just in case someone might have an epiphany that changes the world and furthers technology. :D
i gotta tell u man im dumb as a brick and know nothing of chemistry but i am wildy entertained by your videos
@blueduderanch I *wasn't* referring to that, i was referring to the cell built in the video. How is saying my raspberry solar cell having a short lifetime is incorrect?
I've never been very good at science, but it's so fascinating to watch your videos,they are also quite entertaining, you make science fun, I've never been able to find that in many other places, and it's kind of inspiring, but I am so accident prone I couldn't actually do any of this, but for you to show all the reactions and everything, it's awesome cause I can learn so much from you. thanks for posting so many interesting and awesome videos.
@Cickarn white paint usually also has lots of other components like binders, organic additives, solvents etc. thus the quality and reproducibility of the cell is not as good as if you made the paint yourself. But if you do find a particular paint that does work as well as pure paint you made yourself, let me know. :)
Very well done! Every time I stop by your channel your videos have become more professional. Where's the ad though? You're losing some money. I've been having trouble with obscenely long delays in video approval myself.
@MrBradshawbenjamin
3 жыл бұрын
This comment is a snapshot of a slice of youtube history, cool to see
i have carried a research in DSSC and i used normal float glass since we do not have conductive glass in my country, and after some more new improvements i was able to make a cell of 1V and 0.2 A it is not still as good as the commercial cell but it was a great improvement. i hope to continue this research during my college time as well. If this technology is developed we can solve the power crisis over night.
I love your videos! I'm a grad student now (inorganic) and I love to watch. Keep it up!
I love this. other youtubers do the experiment but never explain them except you! :)
Its great to have all the suggestions for improvements at the end. Thanks heaps for the video! Appreciate it!
honestly if schools could teach students with these examples in live testing then many students such as myself wouldnt have failed chemistry. i majored in physics but failed terribly in chemistry, my first year of high i never understood it and i dont know how guessing things would make me scrape and pass to move on to the second and third year of highschool, unfortunately in my forth year my luck ran out and i failed, it would have been fascinating to learn chemistry.i wish i can go back and learn it. that was a nice vid man,
@downtroddendave860
8 жыл бұрын
+Adan Olivera Blame the teacher(s) not the generalized 'schools'. You could also blame yourslef, if you so choose, but that may also be unfair.
@fakiirification
7 жыл бұрын
I agree, the education system is backwards on math and science. Practical applications should be taught first, followed by theory and formulas. When you see something work, it makes you curious how, and more receptive to the theory side. sitting students in a lecture hall for 6 months working formulas on paper is a complete waste, as no curiosity is generated, therefore the work seems like busywork with no point, and most students zone out.
@JoseRamos-mq2yn
6 жыл бұрын
I start my internship tomorrow,this what I’m going to make
@blueduderanch Those statements were in reference to the whole cell. i made no statement about cost or lifetime to the titanium dioxide.
hermoso... que dedicacion y tiempo invertido en todos estos videos. He aprendido mucho. Thanks for the vids... still learning alot... Hope your channel is still available for my kids.
i gotta tell u man im dumb as a beick and know nothing of chemistry but i am wildy entertained by your videos
@loling53 a lot of it can be purchased from hardware stores, painting stores, and online. I get most of my more rare chemicals from alfa aesar.
@mouzmaster The detergent helps to spread the TiO2. Normally the TiO2 paste just beads up since the glass is hydrophobic. The detergent makes the paste stick so you can spread a thin layer of it without it pulling itself together into beads. :)
@Stanilem how long have silicon solar cells been around? :P
i am very happy to be subscribed to you! thank you very much for being here!!!
@spikespeigel Don't have to, the potassium triiodide redox shuttle automatically reduces it with the electrons that come through the back/counter electrode. All laid out in the diagram (although i do acknowledged i went through it pretty quick).
@Nighthawkinlight Thanks, As for the Ad, its there. maybe you have an ad-blocker or you loaded it when the ad-server glitched.
You are the man, NurdRage!
@HandMadeFireworks They are aluminum, but have 2mg of platinum coating. its small, but for this reaction that's all you need.
Hey you're on now! Cool. Great job on this video...all the other ones too. One of these days, you're going to finally prod me into doing one of these experiments.
I have a question, is the power produced based off of the color of the anthocyanin dye? Also, Im curious if anything would change if you used a more concentrated source of anthocyanin from lets say, a red cabbage?
your channel reminds me of how much i miss chemistry. Gunna take ap chem next year becuse of this channel. thanks.
My first reaction when you started crushing rasperrys I thought "You got to be kidding... I think he got the calendar wrong and thought it was April 1st..." -_- But hey, it actuallty worked! Great video as usual!
Your presentations are wonderful! It's a real shame that they don't teach 'you' in schools opposed to the current methods found in your typical chemistry classes. I speculate if they did, comprehension and let's not forget fun, enjoyment and desire would markedly improve.
I wish youtube was invented when I was a kid.... this sounds like the stuff Iwould have loved to do in the garage...
@blueduderanch what was incorrect about my statements on titanium dioxide?
Lol, the motivation at the end tho! Nice. Sadly not my field of study in my undergrad thesis, but it could be for my grad thesis. Great work!
i will schow this video to my cemistry teatcher and hopewe wil do that in classs it looks verry fun ^^
This is so awesome experiment!!!
Hi NurdRage, very well done. I hope this will get many more people interested to play with this stuff... The only thing that is very expensive is the ITO glas , but I think it is the PN layer of this ITO surface versus the TIO2 that actually converts the sunlight into electricity. Thus you might need to find a cheaper semiconductor than ITO coated glas that has about the same bandgap as ITO versus TiO2. Many thanks for this instruction how to build it. Regards, Stefan.
man this is at some way a sep furder thanx 4 ur videos from mexico
im 14 and im in love with ur videos :D
Wow, really interesting video, thanks for posting. Also thanks for explaining how it actually works too :)
You are awesome.
@qurrotatechnology2073
3 жыл бұрын
Hey sir i subscribe your channel too..
@jadenjak the dye is not expended during use, it decays because it's raspberries... and raspberries go bad eventually. Just like a gas generator is not a battery, but it decays from rust eventually.
love how you crushed your raspberry = ]
@blueduderanch incorrect? how so? titanium dioxide doesn't work?
Hello, and thank you for your time to inspire others (like my son) to learn about DSSC's. My son has struggled to sinter TiO2 onto a plastic substrate (ITO film) - best results (though poor) were in an oven at 400F. Unfortunately, most of the TiO2 does not sinter to the film, but washes off when soaked with the dye. Any suggestions? Wondered about using electricity or even infrared to improve sintering outcome. Thank you again.
@sbstransitbuses Vinegar, although after you already added in alot, you can add water too.
Bravo. I try it to make this cell in three years ago. I got 0,525V. I used the glass for thermopane windows (the windows have an oxide layer on one side - I think is silver oxide) called Low-E For electrolit I used betadine. You can put a paper layer, in the middle, where one side has pencil fill - and this side, with pencil, is over smoked glass.
@xmAdmAx57 i'm not too worried, a more effective cell probably wouldn't use raspberries, and whatever dye they find, can probably be made in bulk artificially. I'm more worried if the new dye is toxic, or made of rare elements.
I love your videos dude. Keep up your work. You should too more videos about batteries and electro chemistry :)
That is amazing! I think it's time for some experimentation... :) Thankyou NurdRage!
I love your videos!
Great video! I have one question though how would someone combine solar cells to make one big solar panel? Thanks Garrett
THANK YOU!!! great videos man, im an enthusiast of chemistry, and i was wondering why you stopped uploading? thank you again
Es impresionante muy buena explicacion me parecio impresionante el plastico conductivo o sea ITO (oxidos de io indio con tin sno) aplicados a paneles solares muy bueno es un material sorprendente usados en pantallas oled actualmente...
@johnyz656 it can be done, but i personally don't have the equipment to make it. Lower grade doped tin-oxide can be made at home, but the resistance is too high to be useful for a solar cell.
Another great vid!
great job you guy by the way loved your "making pennys gold thing!!!!
it helps to suspend the particles so you can apply them to the surface without clumping. it burns away when the slide is sintered.
@blueduderanch yes, how is that incorrect? the raspberry dye becomes unusable after a few days.
This is incredible. Thanks for the demonstration! Where do you find your materials?
Thanks so much for making this video it helped me come up with an IRP topic for this year. These cells are very cool! I would know now given that I researched them for hours. Also I found even more improvement then you listed at the end of your video. If anybody has any questions on how I made mine, how i got my materials, or about any research I did feel free to ask!
@hedgehoghero8692
Жыл бұрын
Hey. I know this is from 11 years ago, however I am writing a research report on these forms of solar cells, and your improvements would be greatly appreaciated! :D
Thanks for your Videos Mr NurdRage
I'm wondering, do you think this would work using tomatoes which have been bred to produce anthocyanin? I am not sure of the concentrations they produce
great video man
@jeslimak use Anatase TiO2
Exactly the power supply i needed for my solar death ray!
you can also use platinum
I keep watching this video like everyday.
@Stanilem relatively new compared to the existing technology.
the ending is so inspirational!
I have a question: can you anneal on cold the TIO2 on the glass? somehow? to make the crystals bond without heat ?
@Phantasm911 The soot catalyzes the reduction of triiodide back into iodide.
@leeofbacup Thus the need for solar power or other sources of energy to get the hydrogen.
@mads9621 i haven't tried it, but i don't see why not. (BTW a small terminology issue: the triodide is actually the redox shuttle, the ethylene glycol is the solvent)
I also wonder , I have many silicone based chip as junk from broken electronics , so i think can i i use old ic or processor or transistors to generate 3 - 6 voltage with 5 to 20 ma current to power small electronics like watch by Focusing Intense beam of light !!!!
Would the pH of the anthocyanin effect the voltage emitted from the solar cell?
i wish my school was more about this and you were my teacher
Pretty inspirational, thanks for the video! :)
YESSSSS thanks for such a GREAT science vid
Brillant Video, best yet IMO, I'm into Electronics is why I suppose. Anyway, great work, love your channel.
Pretty Cool Stuff! Thanks
such a great video. thumbs up!
Will it be enough if I only heat the slide to 225 celsius when fusing the titanium dioxide to the slide? I've found a cheap conductive PET plastic, but it has a melting point of 250 celsius.
@Sup3rman1c
7 жыл бұрын
Might be, but then you need to keep it there for longer. Try and google "turning rutile titanium dioxide to anatase"
Great Video!
I just wanted to say thank you for this video... Just knowing that sort of thing is possible in a relativly low tech way is a real eye opener. It's been a long time since I did any chemistry, so my understanding of quite whythis works is not so good...I understand you explination of the way in which it works though, so that's a start at least. It's nice that it's possible to dabble in something that hopefully will be very important in the future.
Nice! I did the experiment myself some time ago (using hibiscus tea for the dye). I also did some efficiency measurements depending on temperature, area and lighting conditions. I got a meager 0,0002 (0,02%) when heated to 60°C. But it worked! Btw NurdRage, be aware of the desk lamp you are using! I had the same model (from IKEA I think). The sliding contacts in the lower joints heated to almost 200°C (measured with an IR-thermometer after I saw the plastic melt away)
AWESOME!!!!! KEEP ROCKING!
I love you and I love science!
Thanks!! IM doing another project on these type of solar cells. This time, since the TiO2 didn't stick last time, i'm going to add an epoxy to see if it will help sinter the TiO2 to the Conductive Metallic Film that i'm using!! Thanks for all your help on these DSSC's!!!! (:
Can we use Wite-Out correction fluid as the Titanium Dioxide layer maker and Pomegranates as the source of the dye ?
it's exactly how i've done it at university lol, but i used black berries.. it's a really cool thing to do!
Great video! But I have a question. What is the reason of heating the TiO2 besides securing the adherence to the ITO?
thanks for the knowledge man.