Kristian Kristiansen, The Bronze Age expansion of Indo-European languages

Kristian Kristiansen, The Bronze Age expansion of Indo-European languages
Paper presented at the seminar "Tracing the Indo-Europeans: Origin and migration", organized by Roots of Europe - Language, Culture, and Migrations, University of Copenhagen, 12-14 December 2012

Пікірлер: 26

  • @an1rb
    @an1rb4 жыл бұрын

    The audio quality is so Bronze Age.

  • @mambojambo4870

    @mambojambo4870

    3 жыл бұрын

    I'm laughing way too hard at this right now

  • @Catonius
    @Catonius8 жыл бұрын

    Magnificent work Mr Olander, tusen takk.

  • @amarforest
    @amarforest7 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for posting this excellent conference.

  • @malachi5813
    @malachi581310 жыл бұрын

    Awesome Video Thanks Thomas!

  • @justingreen1887
    @justingreen18879 жыл бұрын

    For some reason I can't reply to this person, "AsiA's" comment directly, but anyway he is completely wrong, for over 100 years, it has been proven that even places as far away from each other as Ireland and India share common linguistic traits. India is in Asia buddy. Also ancient Indian religion, the Vedas, were songs composed by the ancient Aryan people who shared a pantheon with (with some local variations) the Greeks and even the ancient Germanic tribes, as well, as which this presenter highlights, the diffusion of certain innovations such as the wheel and horses.

  • @andy7666

    @andy7666

    9 жыл бұрын

    Justin Green The kids a loon, a Dravidian supremacist of some sort (?), but he is insistent there is no link between Northern Indian and other Indo European cultures linguistically, archaeologically or genetically (like the afrocentric he ignores academia and creates his own reality - if he can repeat it enough he hopes some will rub off on others).. He believes people (specifically Europeans) are out to "steal" his culture somehow, when he doesn't understand his own. I've given up trying to explain the situation to him.

  • @vollassitoni7795

    @vollassitoni7795

    8 жыл бұрын

    +Justin Green YOU GOT IT *BROD*RA*

  • @hammadthegreat

    @hammadthegreat

    5 жыл бұрын

    indians also share pantheon with mesopotamia not just greeks, germans. the indo-european thingy has become pretty outdated now since we have read cunieform inscriptions of the mesopotamia and discovered indus valley ciivlization. the greeks have also discovered their neolithic in greece going back six thousand years, it would be madness if you suddenly propose indo european migration to neolithic greece. regards

  • @MatthewHenderson1
    @MatthewHenderson18 жыл бұрын

    Really good talk, very interesting.

  • @amarforest
    @amarforest7 жыл бұрын

    Excellent

  • @FrankMerton
    @FrankMerton4 жыл бұрын

    This is sad; I am interested in the topic, but there is so much background noise I have to work too hard at my age and ability to hear to watch it.

  • @hermanhemlig
    @hermanhemlig10 жыл бұрын

    I'm afraid. It's not working. Can you post it again? It would be really interesting.

  • @SideWalkAstronomyNetherlands
    @SideWalkAstronomyNetherlands3 жыл бұрын

    Sound quality is rather neolithic...

  • @2mmel2t
    @2mmel2t10 жыл бұрын

    It seems to work here.

  • @fercos33

    @fercos33

    5 жыл бұрын

    Thanks Big T!

  • @marconatrix
    @marconatrix7 жыл бұрын

    I wish he wouldn´t keep referring to Britain as ´England´ many centuries before the Angles even existed, let alone took over parts of Britain. He talks of ´Anatolia´ or ´Asia Minor´ rather than ´Turkey´. Saying ¨the Celts expanded to England¨ is exactly like saying ¨the Hittites lived in Turkey¨. I´m sure he speaks from ignorance, but sadly it all help to strengthen the idea many people have that Britain was ´always´ inhabited by ´Englishmen´, and so denigrates the Britons and their present-day descendants, the Welsh, Cornish and Bretons. Along with the other surviving Celtic peoples of Scotland and Ireland. All these nations and cultures are simply ´disappeared´ by centuries of English propaganda, i.e. the concept that Britain=England.

  • @peitzza

    @peitzza

    7 жыл бұрын

    marconatrix x

  • @JamesBlevins0

    @JamesBlevins0

    3 ай бұрын

    His lecture explains that Celts over-ran the previous inhabitants (before they themselves were over-ran by Germanic peoples). "It all helps to strengthen the idea that ... Britain has always been inhabited by Englishmen" is false.

  • @LaureanoLuna
    @LaureanoLuna4 жыл бұрын

    Confused.

  • @FrogInPot
    @FrogInPot4 жыл бұрын

    Great lecture, if only it was delivered with a bit smoother language, ha, no pun intended. Also I wish the recording was zoomed in on the screen and more important than anything is that someone should've asked the t two people sneezing their sickness everywhere to leave, so annoying and selfish.

  • @prof.dr.4224
    @prof.dr.42243 жыл бұрын

    The Aryan invasion theory according to the British was that ancient Aryans invaded India at about 1500BC, driven out the Dravidians from their land, have imported the Hindu civilization along with the Sanskrit language from the steppes of central Asia (Kuhn, 1845, Max Muller, 1878, Childe, 1926, Elst, 1999; Trautmann, 2005). The theory was the justification for the British occupation of India. Although there was no archeological evidence to support this theory, it has become the most important doctrine on ancient Indian history. However, some recent archeological discoveries in India, Russia, and Japan have pushed back the antiquity of the Aryans to at least 9000 BC and proved beyond doubt that the ancient Aryans were not nomadic tribes from central Asia but had very advanced urban civilizations. India was possibly the original home of the Aryans. From India, the Aryan language and other languages of Aryan affinity came into existence due to the contact between the migrating Aryans and non-Aryans out of India (Mazumdar, 1917). The Vedic literature was the expression of the highly developed thoughts of the Aryans. If the Aryans had come to India from outside it would be natural to find some traces of their thoughts and literary activities in some of the places through which they had traveled. However, no such record has been discovered at any place. To suggest that the Aryans had attained the highly developed literary and intellectual acumen after coming into India does not justify the absence of any record whatsoever in any of the places through which they had traveled into India. Genetic Evidence for Westward Indo-Aryan expansion Recent DNA evidence shows that Europe experienced a massive population influx from the east, beginning around 4,500 years from the present. Several haplogroups were involved in this expansion, including the Indian-origin R1a1a. This was almost a total replacement event, which indicates that Indo-Aryans, among others, expanded westward into Europe and to a large extent, replaced indigenous European males and their Y-chromosome strata (Sharma and his associates, 2009) This genetic evidence indicates that several Y-chromosomal (patrilineal) lineages, one of which was the Indian-origin R1a1a, gave rise to the modern European population. Out of these lineages, R1a1a is the most widespread and numerous. 1. The R1a haplogroup originated in India. 2. The Indo-Aryan people have lived in India for at least 15,450 years, which invalidates the theory that the Indo-Aryans invaded India 3,500 years ago. 3. The hundreds of millions of members (possibly over a billion) of the R1a family living across the world today - a very large fraction of humanity - are all descended from one single male ancestor who lived in India at least 15,450 years ago. This discovery demonstrates the close genetic (and hence linguistic and cultural) affinity of Indians with the Russian and Polish people, the Vikings and Normans, and with the ancient Scythians and Tocharians, among many others (Sharma et al, 2009). This is irrefutable scientific proof that not only did the Indo-Aryan people originate in India over 15,450 years ago, but also that they expanded out of India and settled in lands far to the west in Europe. It thoroughly invalidates the AIT (Aryan Invasion Theory) and AMT (Aryan Migration Theory). Literary Evidence for Westward Indo-Aryan expansion Consider the Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra, a Vedic text. Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra 18:44 records: “Amavasu migrated westward. His people are Gandhari, Parsu and Aratta.” This refers to a Vedic king called Amavasu, whose people are the Gandhari (Gandhara - Afghanistan), the Parsu (Persians) and the Aratta, who are tentatively identified as living in the vicinity of Mt. Ararat, which is located in Turkey (eastern Anatolia) and Armenia. Afghanistan (Gandhara) was historically part of the Indian civilization until the Islamic invasions. The name “Persia” comes from the ancient Parshva people (an Aryan clan). The word “Parshva” is derived from the Sanskrit/Avestan (Old Persian) word “Parshu”, which means “battle-ax”. There are clear linguistic and cultural similarities between India and Persia. The traditional Armenian name for Mt. Ararat is Masis. It is named after the legendary Armenian king Amasya. The name “Amasya” is linguistically related to the name “Amavasu” of the Indian king recorded in the Baudhayana’s Shrauta-Sutra. This establishes literary evidence for the westward expansion of Indo-Aryans, via Afghanistan, to Persia, Armenia and Anatolia. The ancient kingdom of Mitranni, of the people who used to worship Mitra, the Vedic God, located in present-day Syria and Anatolia, had an Indo-Aryan, Sanskrit-speaking ruling class. Mitranni kings had Indo-Aryan names. The oldest recorded (Vedic) Sanskrit words are found in a horse training manual by a Mitranni horse master named Kikkuli. Although the text is written in the Hittite language, it appears that Kikkuli was not familiar enough with that language to use technical terms, which made it necessary for him to use the terminology of his own language (Vedic Sanskrit) instead. Inscribed clay tablets discovered in Boğazkale, Anatolia (Turkey), record a royal treaty and invoke the Vedic gods Indra, Mitra, Nasatya & Varuna by the Hittites, another Indo-European tribe, as witnesses. The Boğazkale clay tablets are dated to about 1380 BC. This is around the same time as Kikkuli’s horse training manual. The Mitranni and Hittites belonged to the Indian-origin haplogroup R1a1a. This is clear evidence of a large-scale westward expansion of Sanskrit-speaking Indo-Aryans, and their presence as the ruling aristocracy in lands thousands of kilometers west of India. The children of Goddess Danu. The primordial Rig Vedic river goddess Danu is the mother/progenitor of the Danava clan of Indo-Aryans. The Danavas revolted against the Devas and were eventually defeated and got banished. As it turns out, that was far from the end of their story. The word dānu means “fluid, drop” in Rig Vedic Sanskrit. The Avestan (old Iranian) word for “river” is “dānu”. The Scythian (Saka/Shaka) & Sarmatian words for “river” are also “dānu”. Now consider this: linguistically, the names of the European rivers Danube, Dnieper, Dniestr, Don, Donets, Dunajec, Dvina or Daugava, and Dysna are all derived from the Rig Vedic Sanskrit root word “dānu”. These rivers flow across eastern & central Europe. These rivers, all named after the Rig Vedic goddess Danu, seem to trace the gradual westward migration through Europe of the Danava clan of Rig Vedic Indo-Aryans. According to Irish & Celtic mythology, the Irish & Celtic people are descended from a mother goddess - a river goddess - called Danu. The ancient (mythological) people of Ireland are called the Tuatha Dé Danann (Old Irish: “The peoples of the goddess Danu”). Is there genetic evidence to support this story? As it turns out, there is. The R1a1a haplogroup is rare in Ireland, at 2.5% of the population. This can be explained by the fact that Ireland has suffered many invasions since the Bronze Age, which would have led to the gradual replacement of the R1a1a haplogroup with those of the various invaders. The fact that R1a1a is still present in Ireland proves that people of Indo-Aryan origin settled there in the past (Sharma et al, 2009). Elsdon Best (1972) in his book wrote that the ancestors of a tribe Tuhoe in New Zealand came from India via Peru. DNA tests on some of them proved the origin of their ancestors. They said that they traveled from India after the Mahabharata war to New Zealand. Thus, the story of Manu dividing up the world among his sons maybe not a myth. (KZread.com/watch?v=nTb3anTVGJY) In a report published in Nature, a group of scientists and archeologists of the ASI (Archeological Survey of India) and IIT (Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) proved that the cities of Indus valley were at least 9000 years old, not just 3500 years. The cause of the decline was not any Aryan invasion, but a continuous lack of rainfall since that 9000 years when most rivers dried up. That might have caused the outward migration of the Aryans from India (Sarkar, 2016). (This is quoted from our (Victoria Miroshnik and Dipak Basu), forthcoming book, Ethics, Morality and Business, to be published by Palgrave-Macmillan. )

  • @lewieh101

    @lewieh101

    Жыл бұрын

    Wrong, totally off. The Indo-Iranian R1a peoples/languages and migrations you discuss here can be traced back to the Middle Dnieper/central European Corded Ware Cultures beginning around 3000BC. You need to take a look at the evidence, especially the genetic evidence and understand it.

  • @uprightwalkingape3483

    @uprightwalkingape3483

    2 күн бұрын

    Waste of internet data. Why you even post such stuff on international platforms