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Karachi, city and capital of Sindh province, southern Pakistan. It is the country’s largest city and principal seaport and is a major commercial and industrial centre. Karachi is located on the coast of the Arabian Sea immediately northwest of the Indus River Delta.
The impetus to Karachi’s development originally came from its role as the port serving the Indus River valley and the Punjab region of British India. The development of air travel subsequently increased Karachi’s importance. It is also the port serving the landlocked country of Afghanistan. Area city, 228 square miles (591 square km); Greater Karachi, 560 square miles (1,450 square km). Pop. (2017) city, 14,916,456; (2018 est.) urban agglom., 15,400,000.
Physical and human geography
Landscape
City site
Karachi Harbour, on the shores of which the city is situated, is a safe and beautiful natural harbour. It is protected from storms by Kiamāri Island, Manora Island, and Oyster Rocks, which together block the greater part of the harbour entrance in the west.
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A low-lying coastal strip runs along the shore of the harbour. Away from the coast, the ground rises gently to the north and east to form a large plain, from 5 to 120 feet (1.5 to 37 metres) above sea level, on which the city of Karachi is built. The Malīr River, a seasonal stream, passes through the eastern part of the city, and the Layāri River, also seasonal, runs through the most densely populated northern section. Some ridges and isolated hills occur in the north and east; Mango Pīr, the highest elevation, is 585 feet high.
The 560 square miles that constituted the Federal Capital Area of Pakistan in 1948 are considered, for all practical purposes, to form the Karachi metropolitan area. Almost half of the area is occupied by the city and its suburbs, and the surrounding 332 square miles consist of agricultural land and wasteland.
People of Karachi
No ethnic group predominates in the city. Cultural and social activities essentially revolve around religion. The population is almost entirely Muslim, but there are also small Christian, Hindu, Parsi, Buddhist, and Jain minorities. Most of the Muslims are of Indian or Pakistani origin, except for “Makranis” and “Shiddies,” who have black African ancestry. They originated during the era of the slave trade in the days before British rule, when Karachi was an important slave-trading centre. Some of the members of the Christian minority are of Indo-Pakistani origin, while others are descended from Portuguese or other European groups.
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Education
Karachi has more than 900 schools, of which the majority are primary schools and the rest are secondary schools. More than half of all these are privately run, the rest being run by the government. Among schools established by different religious communities are Karachi Grammar School, St. Joseph’s Convent School, and St. Patrick’s High School, all of which are Christian; a school for the Parsi community; and Sindh Madrassa, a Muslim school.
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Cultural life
The Arts Council of Pakistan is the primary cultural institution in the city; it organizes various cultural functions including art exhibitions, and offers training in music. The Ghanshyam Art Centre and the Bulbul Academy promote Pakistani dancing and other cultural activities.
Karachi does not have well-established theatre, but amateur dramas and variety shows are frequently staged in Katrak Hall. Motion pictures are more popular, and there are more than 50 cinema theatres.
Karachi has a small museum containing relics of the early Indus Valley civilization and examples of the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhāra (a region of ancient India in what is now northwestern Pakistan); it also has some ethnological collections representing life in different regions of Pakistan.
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