Jewellery Making, How I Started My Jewellery Designer Career.

In this episode, jewellery maker Bobby White talks about how he started making jewellery and how he become a jewellery designer when he started his career back in 1999. This time between 1999 and 2004 was the time for Bobby to build his skulls before setting up his own jewellery business. Bobby then went on to create his brand of fine jewellery which is handmade by Bobby White in London, UK. He also talks about the importance of an apprenticeship for jewellery makers. You also see Bobby hand-make a bespoke bone necklace with a skull and cross pendant.
JEWELLERY:
My Jewellery collection: www.bobbywhite.com/
Instagram: bit.ly/2FJ0J5a
Twitter: bit.ly/2RX1mP3
Facebook: bit.ly/2TZW96o
Website: bobbywhite.com
Music
Licensed by Lickd: Avalanche Party - Money
License number: dbf93576b82742e88e3fe89f62f96681
License EULA: lickd.co/account/license/dbf9...
Stream on Spotify here: goo.gl/D2XfU2
Artist on Lickd: goo.gl/eRv2kf

Пікірлер: 130

  • @BobbyWhite
    @BobbyWhite6 жыл бұрын

    I am getting asked a lot how to get into jewellery, I best advice would be to get high level training first. As jewellery maker, the job is hands on, you won't be able to learn the skulls you need online. Check out the Goldsmiths Centre courses, they will put you on the right path www.goldsmiths-centre.org/courses/

  • @rickbergolla4055

    @rickbergolla4055

    5 жыл бұрын

    Its pretty scary if we need to learn skulls and not skills

  • @WarmthRainThunder

    @WarmthRainThunder

    5 жыл бұрын

    I went to the website and the phone number doesn't seem to work XC. Is there any other websites? I went ahead and left them an email, I'll continue my research. It's pretty hard for me to find since I live in Florida. But to become a jeweler/craftsman. I'm willing to go anywhere in the US to get an apprenticeship.

  • @rlikemoney

    @rlikemoney

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@rickbergolla4055 your kinda...a d bag arnt ja buddy haha?

  • @donbush5280

    @donbush5280

    5 жыл бұрын

    Bobby White I just had a interview at jarrad jewlers how long you think I need to stay before I can go into the field on my own ?

  • @dalton7145

    @dalton7145

    5 жыл бұрын

    Mr. White I had my great great grandfather's ring stolen from me, now a few years before this happened I had it appraised and they made a disc with 3-D images. Unfortunately a family hooked on drugs stole it so I couldn't/ wouldn't turn it in stolen. Rings was made in 18k rose gold, around 1870-1890 and was determined to have been made in China. Dragon design with tear drop jade in mouth and diamonds for eyes, all was original other than when I had it seized they used a different gold. Was beautiful! Question is can a jewelry designer/maker use the images to remake the ring?

  • @wes444
    @wes4445 жыл бұрын

    Me and my friends have a jewelry company I think it’s pretty amazing because we’re only nine years old and we made 47$ in the first day

  • @JR-jz4mw

    @JR-jz4mw

    5 жыл бұрын

    Keep it up! What’s your website/instagram? Where can I support you?

  • @baconbitz3883

    @baconbitz3883

    5 жыл бұрын

    Is it online

  • @JR-jz4mw

    @JR-jz4mw

    5 жыл бұрын

    Bacon Bitz Etsy? What is the name? Bacon Bitz?

  • @unique965

    @unique965

    3 жыл бұрын

    Letsgoo nice man. Im tryna do a young hussle to

  • @omegahxx7673

    @omegahxx7673

    3 жыл бұрын

    Nice ceep it up and u will be having 470,000 in ur pocket

  • @nainternational7402
    @nainternational74025 жыл бұрын

    Same here , I love making things , jewellery, wood box, and sculptors, stop motion animation. Love you work brother, love from 🇮🇳

  • @kwelic3524
    @kwelic35244 жыл бұрын

    Im glad i found this video. It def ha encouraged me to work harder to mastering my craft of jewelry making.

  • @papaconcarne1
    @papaconcarne16 жыл бұрын

    God bless you man!! Perfection is your middle name and original first!!

  • @thejewelrymagazinetjm2205
    @thejewelrymagazinetjm22055 жыл бұрын

    you and your jewelry are so inspired!! Thanks for sharing...

  • @ALIENSHADZ
    @ALIENSHADZ6 жыл бұрын

    he will blow in couple months his name will be everywhere watch!

  • @albertledesma5173

    @albertledesma5173

    5 жыл бұрын

    ALIENSHADZ 13 This dude blew up a long time ago! Where you been?

  • @orenishilewis2695
    @orenishilewis26957 ай бұрын

    Thanks for your story. I am on year 2 of my apprenticeship … SO broke; but I love getting to work every day. You are an inspiration 🙏

  • @kiandraquinn8238
    @kiandraquinn82384 жыл бұрын

    Your channel is so inspiring! I'm interested in learning how to design jewelry but finding goldsmithing/jewelry design courses is so difficult in my area.

  • @mustafaiqbal2396

    @mustafaiqbal2396

    2 жыл бұрын

    I also a jewler. How can i help u? I glad to give you some important tips about jewelry design.

  • @illyapetrov6092
    @illyapetrov60924 жыл бұрын

    Wow that neckles bones, skull cross is a masterpiece! Wonderful skill and passion!

  • @XENOJewelry
    @XENOJewelry3 жыл бұрын

    I'm starting off on my journey to making jewelry and I'm documenting it on my channel, I've never been more passionate about anything in my life and I have you to thank for it. I've been wanting to get into the jewelry business for 4 years now and I never thought it was possible for me to learn something like it, after watching all your videos I got inspired 8 months ago to set off on learning the trade right out of my high school graduation and I'm never looking back, one day I wanna meet Bobby and shake his hand and just tell him how he changed my life forever and how his videos gave me hope for my future.

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    3 жыл бұрын

    So glad I inspired you to start making jewelry. I cannot wait to see the pieces you are going to make.

  • @XENOJewelry

    @XENOJewelry

    3 жыл бұрын

    @@BobbyWhite You'll be the first to see it, when my videos get big like yours I'm calling you up for a lesson, not saying you have to accept but I'm shooting for the stars here haha

  • @TheOriginalWilson
    @TheOriginalWilson6 жыл бұрын

    I want to make my own jewellery, I hope to see more tutorials on your channel! I want to know how to set stones into cuban links and also make tennis chains as I can't find anywhere on the internet that sells the chains without stones

  • @yun514
    @yun5145 жыл бұрын

    I start it when i was 14 until 19 i had to leave US and go back to Canada but every thing change after the 9/11 so when back to school and became a machinist and cnc programming. I started to buy little by little all the tools last year . But I'm starting soon , i have all the tools to make 24k but still missing for the 18k. Can't wait to grind those pure gold and now im 35 never to late

  • @johny22ism
    @johny22ism4 жыл бұрын

    I am an artist who designs, but I wish I could make jewellery like that myself , But it seems like a very difficult art to work with metal , definitely needs years of time to know everything in detail. Its a great video , thanx for sharing.

  • @torric91
    @torric913 жыл бұрын

    So inspiring!! I want to make jewelry...

  • @ceciliaalvarez51
    @ceciliaalvarez514 жыл бұрын

    Hello Bobby White, just wanted to say that I love your videos I really enjoy the process making them🤩!!! And really want to ask you a question or do a video of it and it is that... what is or are your top tools or the most important ones to start a jewelry making business?

  • @JordanGonzalezvlogs
    @JordanGonzalezvlogs4 жыл бұрын

    Dam glad I found this channel, I love jewelry and would love to get into this

  • @stanalford9545
    @stanalford95454 жыл бұрын

    Got into jewelry recently managed to make £2000 profit in my first month at 18 any advice on how to scale ?

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    4 жыл бұрын

    Your doing well, just keep going and build your custom base.

  • @soscsosc4861
    @soscsosc48615 жыл бұрын

    I so need that skull and bone chain. My style..

  • @ClashGardener
    @ClashGardener4 жыл бұрын

    Amazing journey, that's a really wicked chain Bro ✴ *Clean And Different*

  • @MichaelHalloween31
    @MichaelHalloween314 жыл бұрын

    Excellent work ✊🏻

  • @missmunchy4794
    @missmunchy47945 жыл бұрын

    I love creating shiny things 💎❤

  • @spartacus0987
    @spartacus09874 жыл бұрын

    That bones piece was sick

  • @hatimn26
    @hatimn265 жыл бұрын

    Hey what was the university where you learned this? you didn't mention

  • @fluffysmudge
    @fluffysmudge5 жыл бұрын

    You and your jewellery are so inspiring dude.

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    5 жыл бұрын

    Thank you!

  • @xpejmanx
    @xpejmanx2 жыл бұрын

    What a lad, big up!!

  • @Nicholas2415
    @Nicholas24155 жыл бұрын

    I want that chain!

  • @sewathome
    @sewathome5 жыл бұрын

    Great story! Maybe I should've done my apprenticeship in England. It's only 3yrs in Australia, 5 would have been so much better. It's a lot of pressure to learn in such a short time frame.

  • @tomhannaford3511

    @tomhannaford3511

    4 жыл бұрын

    I'm enrolling in a Diploma for Feb next year and it's only 1 year full time. Seems short!

  • @Merojewelleryworkshop

    @Merojewelleryworkshop

    4 жыл бұрын

    Great video

  • @heymiro381
    @heymiro3813 жыл бұрын

    Bro you're the second person who thinks jewellery making in a different way , first is me ❤️

  • @lucifervane9580
    @lucifervane95804 жыл бұрын

    What an art piece

  • @sazmuz
    @sazmuz3 жыл бұрын

    How long did it take for you to make the bone and skull necklace?

  • @gherasimtibi
    @gherasimtibi5 жыл бұрын

    how can u sit with ur back straight up in ur car?

  • @iyanabellamy3170
    @iyanabellamy31704 жыл бұрын

    I’m a beginner and I’m considering jeweler as a career what do you suggest starting out ?

  • @mkivy
    @mkivy4 жыл бұрын

    U r so talented too!

  • @DOWNTOWNFOOTBALLSHOW
    @DOWNTOWNFOOTBALLSHOW2 жыл бұрын

    Hello Mr Bobby can u pls tell me the street where you found the jewelry

  • @jewelrylimited4890
    @jewelrylimited48906 жыл бұрын

    beautiful!

  • @mammasanmawm2453
    @mammasanmawm24534 жыл бұрын

    Jeez Louise, what's the banger at 03:20 anyone? I've tried googling lyrics, used shazam and no luck. If anyone knows - please share the name.

  • @albertledesma5173
    @albertledesma51735 жыл бұрын

    SICK!!!

  • @deegegaming7911
    @deegegaming79116 жыл бұрын

    And as a jeweller do you hand make Cuban/Franco/rope style chains? And how do you place diamonds on pendants?

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    6 жыл бұрын

    Most jewellers don’t make their own chains as it is labour intensive and they maybe working to a market price when they are selling chains that other jewellers sell. I handmade all my own chains but I also design them so they’re unique to my brand. You can see my handmade chains in one of my videos, how custom chains are made. If you was to handmade a chain, no matter what the style and design is, you will make each link one at a time, cut, link up and join back together. I use a laser welder by Rofin to do this with my chains. If you’re going to handmade your own chains, make sure you add something different and if making with a pendant, also put great detail and uniqueness into that as well. That way you won’t be compared with jewellers that buy in low quality chains made and imported from the Far East. Customers will come to you because you’re different, I have customers from all over the world that come to me, They wouldn’t travel if they could buy the chain from their local jeweller. With setting the diamonds, this is the job of a diamond setter. The diamond mounter may map and drill the holes for the diamonds before sending the piece to the setter.

  • @deegegaming7911
    @deegegaming79116 жыл бұрын

    Thanks very much! For small (and cheap) pendants are you able to use metal clay and set CZ stones on them (I'm thinking of making a cheap gru from despicable me or Skipper out of clay metal and adding some coloured Cz stones but I've only started making jewellery recently and don't have much knowledge on the topic)

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    6 жыл бұрын

    Good morning, I have never used metal clay so I won’t be able to advice you on making with this material. Even know I don’t know metal clay I don’t think you would be able to set small stones into that material if you want a setting style like the pieces you talked about in your first message. Are you looking to just make Jewellery as an hobby or would you like to make a career at of it. If you want to go into Jewellery as a professional. I would start by learning the foundations. The place I highly recommend is The Goldsmiths Centre foundation course in London. Google them and research the program. If you cannot travel or cannot move near London. Look for something similar in your area. Good luck, Bobby

  • @deegegaming7911

    @deegegaming7911

    6 жыл бұрын

    Bobby White well I'm only fourteen and it will just be hobby but I will like to make it a career if American football or my rap career doesn't take off, I did find someone making a pendent with Cz stones so I will try it out once I get the money and materials. Thanks for all the advice!

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    6 жыл бұрын

    Your welcome and let me know how you get on 👍🏻

  • @deegegaming7911

    @deegegaming7911

    6 жыл бұрын

    Will do!

  • @ArteOriginal
    @ArteOriginal2 жыл бұрын

    E X E L E N T E ! ! ! ! M A G N I F I C O ! ! ! ! ERES EL REY DE LA JOYERIA.

  • @wth5472
    @wth54726 жыл бұрын

    I'm so glad I watched the advert you were on normally I skip them. I'm a jewelry maker but mine is with beads, my mum and I had a shop, but we had to let it go as my mum is not well with cancer and I am disabled with a back condition I wanted to ask if you had any advice,( I can't go to college or uni) .. so any advice on how to get my stuff out there would be greatly appreciated I tried Etsy.. no good I tried eBay and just sold one of my jewelry in god knows how long.. thanks x

  • @zanderman004

    @zanderman004

    6 жыл бұрын

    Exactly the same.

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    6 жыл бұрын

    I understand it is very hard, there is so much competition in fine Jewellery so I can only imagine that beaded jewellery is even more. For me, the foundation and passion of my business is unique designs that no one else sells. I am always looking at my work and asking myself these questions, is the design strong, does it represent my style, is it unique, can my customers only buy this piece from me. If I cannot answer yes to all these questions, then the design is weak creatively and I know from experience I won’t sell it much or at all. I would take your best pieces, the ones that really show off your style, your signature pieces and market them only. Unfortunately free social media doesn’t work most of the time, so you will have to put a little money behind it. Companies like eBay and Etsy won’t sell the Jewellery for you. You have to push people to your online shop and if you’re going to pay to do that, why send them to a place where all your competitors are listed. Build your business on your own territory, create your own website and send your customer there, not eBay or Etsy. Hope something from above helps, I don’t know anything about you so you maybe doing all the above already. It is very hard to get out there and you just have to keep going but do it in your own unique style. All the best with your business, I am sure you will build your customers over time.

  • @sondogs98

    @sondogs98

    6 жыл бұрын

    Bobby White thanks man

  • @denisedesrosiers8817

    @denisedesrosiers8817

    5 жыл бұрын

    My suggestion...set up a little booth at craft fairs or street fairs, etc and make sure that you keep plenty of business cards or fliers so that way when someone asks your customer where they got that amazing piece of jewelry they can give them your number or share your website name! Also, instead of doing the Etsy thing (which charges you to post and takes a chunk of your earnings cuz I tried that too) why not try Offer Up or other free to post and sell sites? I've gotten all kinds of sales thru Offer Up and since you're disabled, you can even have the customer come to you or at least somewhere close to meet you if ur not wanting them to know where you live! One more thing...make sure when you're out n about in public, you're wearing your designs for people to see! Mine ALWAYS spark up conversations and I'm just like you with creating jewelry using beads! I'm more of a mixed media artist and all my money comes in mostly from my huge wooden mermaids I make! I hope this helps you, Beccy!

  • @albertledesma5173

    @albertledesma5173

    5 жыл бұрын

    Denise Desrosiers I’m sorry, but platforms such as Offer Up, Let Go and Craigslist will just “cheapen” your product greatly! Social media is the way to go, but as Bobby said, not to sell...to funnel people to your website. The key with social media is posting VERY often and linking or shouting out your site in every post. Of course, your site has to be backed up with what you’ve posted and then some.

  • @deegegaming7911
    @deegegaming79116 жыл бұрын

    You know those kind of pendants Like the Marilyn manson for Lil Uzi Vert or the stewie one for Justin Bieber etc. How are those made? And what is the material you start with? Please could you do a video on it?

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    6 жыл бұрын

    Hi, these days pendants like these will be designed by a CAD jewellery designer on a software like Matrix by Gemvision. The CAD design would then be sent to a 3D printer that can print a castable resin or wax. You would use a 3D printers like EnvisionTEC. The wax model will then be sent to a caster to have cast into the metal of your choosing. For something like these pendants with a lot of diamonds, the metal would be 18ct gold or platinum. The casting is then assembled and cleaned up by a diamond mounter. The piece is then past over to a diamond setter who would set the diamonds into the piece which was laid out and mapped by the diamond mounter. The diamond setting used in these pendants is called pave. The piece is then given back to the mounter to complete and fine clean of the pendant. The last stage is for the jewellery polisher, the polisher will finishes the piece to a high gloss and if colour is used, like black or red, they would use a rhodium plating. I only make my own design so I won’t make a video on these pendants but you will see me use all the techniques above. If you watch my videos I have made before, you will always see me diamond mounting as that is my main skill. You will see my brother Tommy working on the CAD and 3D printer, but I think he has only done this once in our videos so I will get that skill in more videos. For Rhodium plating and polishing, you can see this in my Gas mask video. I have not shown diamond setting in any of my videos yet but I will do soon. Hope that all helps.

  • @janemiller9534
    @janemiller95342 жыл бұрын

    I'm 58 and they say you're never to old to learn. Do you think I could get an apprenticeship? Seriously I'd love this job!! Will someone give me the chance? I'm quite artistic love jewerally. Give me an answer Bobby and make my day 🤣🤣 xx don't ask you don't get xx. Love everything you do xx

  • @AB43TV
    @AB43TV6 жыл бұрын

    I wish I could make jewelry!

  • @Sibaat_Khan
    @Sibaat_Khan3 жыл бұрын

    i am Cad jewelry designer. working as freelancer but i want to earn more money so what should i do..

  • @ElnaAngLifestyle
    @ElnaAngLifestyle4 жыл бұрын

    You are Awesome!

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    4 жыл бұрын

    Thank you

  • @paradisejewellerygh3438
    @paradisejewellerygh34385 жыл бұрын

    Nice

  • @Partoflife925
    @Partoflife9254 жыл бұрын

    Friends Wow amazing

  • @cataclysm9279
    @cataclysm92794 жыл бұрын

    What the song

  • @vasileioancrisan8190
    @vasileioancrisan81903 жыл бұрын

    Hello I just want to ask you something.I would like to start to work as aprentice in the jewellry industry.I m male 48 years old would you like to give me some advice about that if is not to late for me.I love gold and I have good hands for work.Please be honest with me.Thank you verry much I ll really apreciate your response.Happy new year

  • @TheLockWhisperer
    @TheLockWhisperer4 жыл бұрын

    Cool story homie

  • @Bonstergirl1
    @Bonstergirl14 жыл бұрын

    n1. I make jewellery also but not like yours.. very cool. I want to know more and learn more as I go ..

  • @francayub
    @francayub4 жыл бұрын

    Love your car

  • @korudo585
    @korudo5855 жыл бұрын

    Cool

  • @Denaesartisanjewelry
    @Denaesartisanjewelry2 жыл бұрын

    I wish I could an apprenticeship near me...

  • @matemakogabor7873
    @matemakogabor78734 жыл бұрын

    Interesting

  • @rickiebobby1550
    @rickiebobby15505 жыл бұрын

    Around the 3:30 mark what's the song in the back ground please

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    5 жыл бұрын

    Lay Low-Dylan Sitts, All the feels- Sarah the illstrumentalist and Rev Run- HDBeenDope

  • @rickiebobby1550

    @rickiebobby1550

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@BobbyWhite thank you 👌

  • @ivv6721

    @ivv6721

    4 жыл бұрын

    Gucci Flip Flops by Bhad Bhabie

  • @ravenred7712
    @ravenred77124 жыл бұрын

    Liked this video because of your accent

  • @wasilaify
    @wasilaify2 жыл бұрын

    Can you show us the plasticine cars you made??

  • @Merojewelleryworkshop
    @Merojewelleryworkshop4 жыл бұрын

    Great.

  • @Dr_ritik
    @Dr_ritik6 жыл бұрын

    Hey

  • @edward6104
    @edward61046 жыл бұрын

    Can you show us the plasticine cars?!

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    6 жыл бұрын

    I have not made one in 18 years, I don’t think any survived. I wish I kept one now

  • @bahriyalcin2095
    @bahriyalcin20956 жыл бұрын

    why dont you do giveaways to promote your youtube account? it would be amazing if i even had a little chance of getting a custom made necklace by you

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    6 жыл бұрын

    I will have a little think about this.

  • @bahriyalcin2095

    @bahriyalcin2095

    6 жыл бұрын

    and can you make like louboutins with black(or normal) diamonds instead of black spikes(or inside the black spikes) that would be AMAZING rappers would love to buy that

  • @NTRVlogs
    @NTRVlogs4 жыл бұрын

    Nice stay f

  • @edward6104
    @edward61046 жыл бұрын

    What's your hallmark?

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    6 жыл бұрын

    My hallmark is Bobby White with the London Assay Office

  • @adamnex1524
    @adamnex15244 жыл бұрын

    Jewelry

  • @Yefriart88
    @Yefriart883 жыл бұрын

    thinks what is good value but the job what my realize on the count put review $13 on the snake . use of the other + and give my rentavility of creation indit of the designs.

  • @bushmaster9576
    @bushmaster95763 жыл бұрын

    Why is he saying air made?

  • @troubledsoul4766
    @troubledsoul47666 жыл бұрын

    If i ever win lottery i know where to come lol x

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    6 жыл бұрын

    👍🏻

  • @nahumpaul85
    @nahumpaul854 жыл бұрын

    Eye eye eye eye 👁

  • @atiarrahamandewan1436
    @atiarrahamandewan14364 жыл бұрын

    hi sir im atiar rahaman dewan im work hanmade jewelary and cad desjen work job

  • @davedown8974
    @davedown89744 жыл бұрын

    Bobby can I have some contacts? If you don’t ask you don’t get in life? I’m based in the U.K. buddy 😊

  • @c-trackbeatz8536
    @c-trackbeatz85365 жыл бұрын

    Will you hire me? I always wanted to make jewelry. Ill move over there.

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    5 жыл бұрын

    Hey, our team is full at the moment but we will be hiring again in June if you want to contact me around that time.

  • @emj2068
    @emj20685 жыл бұрын

    Is this vid a plug for land rover? Tf?

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    5 жыл бұрын

    were only selling jewellery over here!

  • @emj2068

    @emj2068

    5 жыл бұрын

    @@BobbyWhite 😂

  • @sergioSSua
    @sergioSSua4 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for the interesting content. I also do jewelry design on my channel

  • @falefatufelloyedtoalima1311
    @falefatufelloyedtoalima13113 ай бұрын

    Can you design me a jewellery

  • @elmondl.richards8708
    @elmondl.richards87084 жыл бұрын

    OFC HE DRIVES A RANGE ROVER

  • @curlyhairdudeify
    @curlyhairdudeify4 жыл бұрын

    He has way too much patience to shape every piece of gold into a bone. I would personally have made a bone in wax, cast it, and make a x-number of copies.

  • @AlbanianLlama
    @AlbanianLlama6 жыл бұрын

    You’ve gotta change that annoying music bro - aye aye aye ayeee!

  • @libertiner1380
    @libertiner13805 жыл бұрын

    Apperently you need very bad to flash your succes........it is quit possible to have a god life and succes without the need to get admired all the time LOL, but nice jewelry.

  • @BobbyWhite

    @BobbyWhite

    5 жыл бұрын

    Next time Ill do the interview on my skateboard LOL!

  • @danielcavazos5009
    @danielcavazos50094 жыл бұрын

    Disrespected the meaning of the cross by making it a piece of dark by using bones and a skull. Not cool. I’m out.