In this video of code decode we have covered Java interview questions and answers for freshers
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*Q) What is Java?*
Developed by Sun Microsystems, Java is a highly popular, object-oriented programming language.
This platform independent programming language is utilized for Android development, web development, artificial intelligence, cloud applications, and much more.
*Q) How is the Java code that you write is executed on the machine/CPU?*
The java code we write is first compiled to Bytecodes which are platform independent, these bytecodes are then converted to Native/machine codes, and that is how the java code that we write in simple language is converted to machine-understandable language and we can see the output.
Let's first understand the process of how Java code is translated into bytecode and then into machine code, and who performs each step:
1. *Java Code to Bytecode:*
- **Java Compiler (javac)**: You, as a programmer, write Java code in a human-readable format. When you're done writing your code, you use the Java compiler (typically invoked through the command `javac` ) to compile your Java source code files (`.java` files) into bytecode files (`.class` files).
- **Compilation Process**: The Java compiler (`javac` ) analyzes your Java source code and translates it into bytecode instructions. These bytecode instructions are stored in `.class` files. Each `.java` source file typically corresponds to one `.class` file.
2. *Bytecode to Machine Code:*
- **Java Virtual Machine (JVM)**: The JVM is a virtual machine that executes Java bytecode. It's responsible for translating bytecode into native machine code that can be executed by the underlying hardware.
- **Interpreter and Just-In-Time (JIT) Compiler**:
- **Interpreter**: Initially, the JVM may use an interpreter to execute bytecode. The interpreter reads and executes each bytecode instruction one at a time. This allows the Java program to start running quickly.
- **Just-In-Time (JIT) Compiler**: As the program runs, the JVM may identify portions of the bytecode that are executed frequently (hot spots). When it detects such portions, it may use the JIT compiler to optimize and translate those bytecode sections into native machine code.
- **Optimized Native Code**: Once the bytecode is translated into native machine code by the JIT compiler, the JVM executes this optimized native code directly on the CPU, just like any other native application.
In summary, the Java compiler (`javac`) translates human-readable Java code into bytecode, which is then executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM interprets the bytecode and may use a combination of interpreter and JIT compiler to translate bytecode into optimized native machine code for execution on the underlying hardware.
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