My book on Amazon: cleversolarpower.com/off-grid-solar-power-simplified 7 Free off-grid solar diagrams: cleversolarpower.com/free-diagrams/

Sir, you do a fine job of clearly explaining solar power. Best I've seen to date. Thank you!

An excellent informative to the point guild that most people will need. Thanks very much.

Great information. I have a Li Time 60A charge controller . I am using 4 100w panels. I am planning to add 2 more panels. Total 600 w. Equal 42A. Easy to understand now. Thank you very much.

This is the 3rd or 4th video from your channel I’ve watched as I just recently found it and subscribed I paused the video long enough to go to Amazon to order the book Your videos are excellent!

@cleversolarpower

4 ай бұрын

Thank you Richard! If you have questions, feel free to email me.

Excellent as always. Very good presentation.

@cleversolarpower

4 ай бұрын

Glad you liked it!

Many thanks for this very informational video!

@cleversolarpower

3 ай бұрын

Glad you liked it!

Thank You for the instructional videos 🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀🥀

PERFECT 🥇

I have 6 BougeRV 200W 12V 9BB Mono Solar Panel + 2 100W HarborFreight panels I wired everything in series to charge a Bluetti AC300 + 1 extra battery I get 1.0kW on a nice sunny day but eventually I want to setup something with a charge controller to power other things and was wondering what's the right side charge controller to get. great videos thank you.

I'm truly enjoying your videos, so informative. I have (6) 450w solar panels, can I run them in series using an MPPT 150/70, a 48v 3000VA Multiplus and a 48v 100Ah LiFe P04 battery?

I have multiple PV arrays around the house, garage, and at my business, 12V and 24V systems. I usually use the 30A Eco-Worthy charge controllers rated for 750W. The max output of the smaller PVs is 41.666A but the charge controller never gets anywhere close to that. The most I have ever seen is about 21A and that does not last long. I also have a 2250W 24V array (3 sets of 3 in parallel with separate feed wires) on 8- 12V lead-acid batteries. I use 3- 30A charge controllers in parallel. The highest amperage I have seen is about 6A from each charge controller. The only loads that I have is an alarm system, a 16 Camera DVR, and a few LED light Bulbs. This load does not even scratch the batteries.

3:00 MAX input voltage ⚡️ 👌

my solar panel ratings is 30wtts,12v

hi have a 30a charge control what panel should hi use

So glad I found your channel. I am trying to figure out what i need to set up a solar panel(s) to keep my boat battery charged. Currently running a 36V 60AH LiPo battery for my trolling motor. Trying to figure out what i can use as the boat is on a storage lot so not much room for big solar panels.

@cleversolarpower

Ай бұрын

Welcome aboard! You need to wire panels in series to go over the minimum recommended input voltage to charge a 36V battery. For example 3x 50W solar panels in series will give you 18Vx3=54V. This is enough to charge the 36V battery with an mppt. 2 18V panels will not be enough.

@gregjacobson2687

Ай бұрын

@@cleversolarpower thank you for the reply. That makes sense sort of lol. Not sure if I will be able to have 350 W panels due to space. What do you think about the MPT boost controllers? Looking at a 100 W 12 V panel with the boost controller to charge, the 36 V battery.

Good day boss, what is the charging voltage for lead acid battery 12V, 24V and 48V system.

Please I need an advice I have a solar two panel 190 Watt and one 200 hands battery 30 amp charger controller 6 gauge wire with 1.5 ups

I have 2 batteries 12v, will I add the 12+12=24 divide by the wattage of my panel or I'll just use 12v?

2x 100.20 and a 150.35 for future bigger panels .. for 48v and up to 60% of their power!!! i want to see when instal the capability in shade and different angles setups

Very good and informative video thank you very much What if I’m using more than one battery I’m I going to add up the charging voltages or just the charging voltage for one battery

@cleversolarpower

15 сағат бұрын

I have videos on series and parallel wiring of batteries.

In your calculation of the charge controller capacity you used maximum power at STC of the panel instead of Max input Voltage. I'm confused. Please can you clarify?

Hello, I'm building a portable 24volt system with 2 small sized 12 volt 100amp Lifepo4 batteries. I have one 200 watts pannel and I ordered the 100/20 and think I would be able to upgrade the solar an other 380 watts. it this correct? I also have a 24 volt 3000 watts inverterI and converted 24v to 12v I'm open to recommendations.

Thank you for the video, it was quite informative and engaging. I however have a question, combining the panels in series increases the panel voltage to 48v, which of course can be handled by the MPPT SCC but shouldn't the connected battery be a 48v battery too?

@cleversolarpower

3 ай бұрын

No, the mppt can always step down the voltage. With an mppt, the current automatically increases. A pwm doesn't increase the current, just cuts the voltage. So a 150voc solar panel string can charge a 12V battery.

Hi Nick! Love your videos and just got your book. I am building a 48v system for off grid storage container. I have 100Ah 48v (Li Time). I was hoping to use a 100/20 MPPT Victron I was given to charge it with. I don’t have any panels yet. I get the input voltage limit of CC but can I exceed CC 20 amp charge spec by adding parallel strings?

@cleversolarpower

2 ай бұрын

Thanks for getting the book! Yes, you can add more panels. You will just lose some power because of the over-paneling.

Hello! Thank you for the video! It was quite helpful but I was wondering if you could offer some advice with a new solar setup. Another person was working on this project for a non-profit but they couldn't finish the work so I'm stepping in to help out. They ordered three 350W (40.7 VOC) solar panels to run on a 100W/20A charge controller with a 12V battery. Based on your video, the charge controller would be highly inefficient. What size charge controller would you recommend for these panels?

@cleversolarpower

3 ай бұрын

350W*3panels=1050W/14.4V=73A charge controller. You can still use the 20A charge controller, but you can only get 20A out of it. You can get two more of these charge controllers and have three of them in parallel. However, that is not the best solution. You need a 150V input and 70A charge current charge controller. Victron has one.

Thank You for the instructional videos I have 2 230AH battery's collected in parallel so 460AH of battery With A Victron 150/70 Charge controller use A 90Amp breaker and 4 Ga Wire on controller? and 5 100watt Panels connected in series? Does this seem right?

@cleversolarpower

4 ай бұрын

Seems good to me 👍

Got 4nos. Of 12v 165w panels , 150ah batt., 60A pwm charge controller but its getting super hot in the back of charger

Thanks for this lecture, i bought your e-book two days ago, when i was reading through it, i discovered that, in sizing of charge controller for 12V system, you used 12V to divide the Pmax of PV array but in this lecture you are using charging voltage of 14.4V to divide. Any explanation on this

@cleversolarpower

Күн бұрын

Indeed, I have it different in the book to simplify it. 14.4V is the charging voltage of a lithium battery. So it's a little more accurate. Wouldn't hurt to have 15-20% more, it increases the lifespan of the charge controller. 100W of solar power / 14.4V = 7A

Thanks for this informative and educative lecture, pls i am in Nigeria Africa, how can i buy your book

@cleversolarpower

10 күн бұрын

Thanks! You can get it on my website in PDF format or on amazon south africa.

Great video can i ask for some advice i have a 1000 watt inverter a 10 amp charge controller with one 110 watt solar panel on a 12v system on my RV i would like to up size to two 200 watt panels upgrade to lithium battery and 100/30 charge controller what do you think would be best thankyou

@cleversolarpower

2 ай бұрын

Keep the existing 110W solar panel on the 10A charge controller. Add the two 200W solar panels in series with the new charge controller. Two charge controllers on one battery is ok. 400W/14.6V=27.4A -> 30A is ok.

Thanks for this. What are the panel's rated Isc and Imp at STC.? (I am interested in the number of strings being just 2)

@cleversolarpower

15 сағат бұрын

That depends on the panel you have. Every panel is different.

Pls for that example you give, can 60ahm controller also work perfectly on 600w panel and 12v 200ahm battery and 3000w inverter... without any issues? 🙏

@cleversolarpower

8 күн бұрын

Don't overcomplicate things. 600W/14.4V=42A --> a 60A charge controller will work.

Do you have to consider output power? IE you have a 100w panel charging a small battery, and once or twice a day you have a highish amp draw pulling power for 5 minutes and then shutting off - do you have to size your controller to allow for that draw as well? Or for something high draw you just connect it directly to the battery?

@cleversolarpower

2 ай бұрын

The charging and discharging are completely separate. You must wire your loads directly from the battery or busbar. A charge controller doesn't have an influence on the load.

Please for give me if im out off track i want to make a very small 24v system with a 60a PWM I would like to find out if it porsable to use a 60amp charge controler to charge two 12v 7amp connected in series

@cleversolarpower

4 ай бұрын

Check my video about C rate for more information.

I’m currently sizing my 24volt rv solar setup. I’m planning on installing 1250 or maybe 1500watts of solar (5x250 or 6x250). If I’ve do the math correctly I’m going to go with a 150/70 charge controller to cover either setup. The charger’s maxPV is 150 and the panels VOC is 22.8. I could go with 150/60 controller however it would not allow for any expansion to 1500 watts. Your thoughts please.

@cleversolarpower

2 ай бұрын

You should only have a maximum of 5 panels in series. 22.8Vox*5*1.25=142V. You can get a 150/45A charge controller as well. 1250W/28.8V=43A

Hi, a bit of confusion regarding the figures. If I have 2 x 130w panels and I have a 24v battery setup with a 12/24 charge controller, does that mean that I divide 230w / 28.8 to get 7.98amps, so I need a 10amp charge controller? As the panels don't come in 12/24 version, how does the system know?

@cleversolarpower

2 ай бұрын

260W/28.8=9A -> 10A charge controller. The charge controller sees the battery voltage. If the voltage on it's terminals is closer to 12V, then it detects a 12V battery. If it's closer to 24V, then it detects a 24V battery.

Great video, but now I'm a bit confuse, this video is about battery + controller... and you got another about battery + inversor..... can you make one with the complete setup? battery + controller + inversor

@cleversolarpower

4 ай бұрын

These topics are completely different, that's why there are two videos. Follow them and you will get the answer.

I just purchased your book using your link you provide. I have a question. I have already bought one Victron MPPT that was to small for my solar panels and other items as well. I now have the Victron 150/70 TR and 8 100 watt Renogy solar panels. I have one 12 volt 100ah Li Time battery lifepo4 and I have ordered another one. For my Group 24 Li Time 12 volt 100aH battery it is recommended to charge it at 20 amps but the manual state it can be charged at 50 amps in two hours to a 97% charge. What I have learned is at 35 amps, as was my last Victron 150/35 that I was only using the power from 4 of my 8 solar panels. My question is with my two Li Time 100aH batteries connected in parallel do I have to stay with the recommended 20aH charge rate or can I double the charge rate to 40aH? What I want to do is charge at 70 amps which would be 35 amps times 2. This would get the most use out of my panels but I do not want to harm the batteries. I have a 5100 BTU air conditioner I run and with the 150/70 Victron maxed out in charging it will top out at about 625 watts incoming solar. That will power the AC for the most part. If I turn it down to 35 amp charging then it uses about 450 watts solar but takes out about 50 watts from my battery. These are just average numbers as it depends on shading by clouds and such. Thank you for any help you may provide.

@cleversolarpower

5 күн бұрын

A 12V 100Ah litime battery can be charged and discharged at a 100A current. If you placed them in parallel, you can charge and discharge at a max of 200A. So you still have plenty of space.

@rogerevans2185

5 күн бұрын

@@cleversolarpower Thank you. I trust your what you say and that was what I needed to know. I may need more advice in the future but I will most likely find what I need in your book. I do appreciate your help.

thank you, so i have two 200w 24v solar connected in parallel and one 24v battery, so according to the above, i would need a 20amp controller, is that correct ?

@cleversolarpower

4 күн бұрын

200W/28.8V= 7A. A 10A charge controller is ok. Ensure the input voltage is 5V+ over the battery voltage. Wiring in parallel can cause difficulties.

Hello. Thank you verry much. It's really helpfull! Is it possible to use victron mppt as a booster. For exemple i have a ebike with a batterie 48v. 25 amp. And a solar panel 100w 12 v ? I want to charge my bike while riding... let's say with a smal victron mppt. Have a nice day!

@cleversolarpower

2 ай бұрын

I'm not sure what you mean by booster. The input of the mppt needs to be 5V higher than that of the battery. You can use a step up DC to DC converter and then feed it into the mppt.

@zzzdoerrr2826

2 ай бұрын

@@cleversolarpower Thank you !

So if your having a 20amps mppt and allows only 60volts voc it will be exempted if you turn your battery to 24volts system?

@cleversolarpower

Ай бұрын

I don't quite understand your question. But you can add up to 60V of solar panels, if the mppt is compatible with a 24V battery and the solar voltage is higher than the battery voltage +5V, then its ok.

Very interesting! We have a boat a 550Watt solar panel, but a solar charge controller of 30A. There are both, a 12V and a 24V system on the boat. So now I guess I need to find out what the voltage from controller to batteries is, right?

@cleversolarpower

5 күн бұрын

550W/14.4V=38A. Ensure the input voltage from the solar panel is 5V higher than the battery voltage.

@katja4458

2 күн бұрын

@@cleversolarpower So it’s a 12V system which means our solar charge controller is too small for the panel - but what are the chances that the panel ever reaches its maximum capacity in cloudy England? …

Hi, can you pls tell me some info? Since we will be charging the 51.2V 230ah 11.7KWh Wall&Floor-mounted LiFePO4 Battery (link bellow) with 3 x 480W solar panels ( Vmp = 37.10, lmp = 12.95A ), we would like to have information on which Victron MPPT controller is suitable so that the battery will be charged properly (Operatin value charge of the battery is 43V - 58V). Does the Victron 150/35 match the charging voltage? Which fuse must I get? Can such a battery be simultaneously charged from the panels and at the same time transmit energy to other consumers?

@cleversolarpower

3 ай бұрын

I need to know your Voc, i will take a guess and assume it's 45V. 45Voc*3panels in series*1.25=168V -> you can only use 2 panels in series. 480W*3panels=1440W/57.6V=25A. You can get another panel and wire the panels in a 2S2P configuration. 1920W/57.6V=33.3A Then you can get the victron 150/35A

Awesome video, just to clarify I could you a 290 watt 32 volt panel with a 30amp solar controller to a 12 volt system ? @cleversolarpower

@cleversolarpower

Ай бұрын

290W/14.4V=20A. A 30A charge controller is ok.

I have a lithium battery 200ah and 2X 180 watt panel what’s the right pwm amps charge controller to use????

@cleversolarpower

2 ай бұрын

Put your panels in parallel. 180W*2=360W/13.6=26.5A -> 30A PWM.

My formula (100V x 0.8)/19.8V = 4.04 Would I be safe for 4 panels on a 100/50 controller? Or should I go bigger on the controller or reduce to 3 panels in series?

@cleversolarpower

7 күн бұрын

If 19.8V is the voc, then it will be ok.

sir can i use the USB output for ardino uno power supply

@cleversolarpower

3 ай бұрын

You will have to check the current rating of the USB output in the manual.

Please can you help me i want to use a 3200w panel (400 x 8) with a 24v system with a 100amps solar charger... how do i configure it ?

@cleversolarpower

2 ай бұрын

It depends on the maximum input voltage of your charge controller. And you will have to wire in a hybrid connection. This depends on the Voc of your panel.

Nick,I have 6 210 W panels,going to a 24 V battery bank,will a mppt controller be sufficient

@cleversolarpower

8 күн бұрын

Yes, MPPT is the best option. Try to wire in series if you don't have shade. Also do not go over the max input voltage. So you probably have to wire in 3S2P (3 in series and then parallel with another 3). 6*210W=1260W/28.8V=44A.

@michaelchristensen3342

4 күн бұрын

@@cleversolarpower Nick,what size mppt controller will be best as these panels will be at 140v

I have one solar panel of 555w and one 100AH battery so how many ampare of MPPT charge controller i required?

@danielnicolae9978

4 күн бұрын

555/14,4=38,55x1,25=48A

@AbcDef-ej1fd

4 күн бұрын

@@danielnicolae9978 Thanks

Are we allowed to put too high of a charge controller? For example if I have 200w solar for 12V batt so we require a 20a charger, can we use a 30a charger in case later we buy more solar panels?

@cleversolarpower

2 ай бұрын

Yes, no problem.

@hollygrinstead7252

Ай бұрын

​​@@cleversolarpower@cleversolarpower Hey how about 170w panel with 1x 110amh agm leisure battery. Is a 40a charge controller too much? The type i would like to buy is only available in 20a and 40a. I want to be able to buy more panels and batteries in future

Hi can you tell me if this set up will work…? I have an EcoFlow RIVER 2 Pro Portable Power Station which states “Solar Input: 11-50V, 13A, 220W Max” I also have the following solar panel “VTOMAN VS400 Portable Solar Panel 400W 40V, 23% Efficiency Foldable Solar Panel” Question is, will,the two be compatible? The Ecoflow states 220W MAX but according to your calcs (400w / 40v = 10amps ) so (seems ok?) Am I missing something? Not sure why 220W is a max… If not compatible could I use an MPPT controller to lower the panels voltage ? Thanks

@cleversolarpower

3 ай бұрын

The max input is 50V. Take your Voc and multiply by 1.25, this should be max 50V. Not sure why they say 220W max. 13A*50V=650W.

The Question I have has to do with the Max Power (STC) rating of a Solar Panel... say 200 watts, which is the basis for the calculations. If the panels are mounted 'flat' on the roof of an RV with maximum power generated would be less, correct?

@cleversolarpower

2 ай бұрын

Yes, you have to angle them so they are 90° angled towards the sun.

@bmack2076

2 ай бұрын

In theory "flat" panel installation would reduce the input power to the Charge controller, lessening the concern if the rating of the controller is "borderline"... Correct? @@cleversolarpower

Can a Safety Factor of 0.9 be used for victron charge controllers when determining max number of panels to put in series ?. I think this is what is recommended by victron.

@stevenjohn350

2 ай бұрын

from the video I gathered that the smaller the Safety Factor used, will result in a smaller life span of the charge controller, because it runs HOT all the time. Hope that helps.

@senogamoses5319

2 ай бұрын

​@@stevenjohn350 You could be right

Hi Nick, just want to confirm that it is the total watts of panel in an ARRAY? or total watts of all panels put together.. My setup is 620w x4 (2 panel in series) giving total of 2480w. so do i take 2480w or do i take an array size which is 1240w. Battary: 12v 200ah (x2) = 24v@200ah ive taken the ARRAY value rather than total, does that measure up what you have got in this video = 60A charge controller

@cleversolarpower

11 күн бұрын

The total amount of power connected to the charge controller. If you have 4 100W panels connected to the charge controller then you need to calculate with 400W.

@aleafsoft

10 күн бұрын

​@@cleversolarpower therefore in my case 2480(total watts)/24 (battary (2*12v 200ah lithium iron prosphate)) = 103.33 therefore will i be okay with 100 amp charge controller do as i need to respect the c rate?

@aleafsoft

10 күн бұрын

reading google says ARRAY "You take the total watts of the solar *array* divided by the voltage of the battery bank.", i assume this is incorrect?

Sir i have 180w 2 panels and battery of 70ah with 30a pwm charge controller.is this okay or i have to install mppt

@cleversolarpower

Ай бұрын

If you wire the panels in parallel then it's ok. Check my video about pwm vs mppt.

@Ridershani530

Ай бұрын

@@cleversolarpower I saw that video sir is it okay to install 60amp 0r 65 amp mppt with my system

@Ridershani530

Ай бұрын

Loadshedding 3 hours in morning 3 hours in evening 3 hours at nights..my output load is 2 ac dc ceiling fans

I have two batteries 100AH each. Can i connect them in parallel and use a 40A charge controller with two solar panels of 200watts each?

@cleversolarpower

4 ай бұрын

Yes, paralleling the batteries will give you 12V. Wire the panels in series to reduce voltage drop if you use an mppt.

@user-ky1pe2jt5b

4 ай бұрын

@@cleversolarpower Thanks. I appreciate. So I can use my 40A charge controller and my 2000watts inverter?

@melak2443

4 ай бұрын

It is a Great explanation like it so much,God bless you.

@abyidicula2009

Ай бұрын

Hi I just want to start 100 w panel with 100 ah battery is that okey to use 75/15 mppt charge controler ?

maybe a silly question.. I have 2 panels of 540 watts each and voc is 50. I have a 100v to 30a charge controller from victron..what combination should use? series or parallel or can i use it at all?

@cleversolarpower

2 ай бұрын

You should wire in parallel.

@byronsowntime

2 ай бұрын

@@cleversolarpowerthanks ...ill hit your sub right now

I think the only thing you missed, was a consideration of what is a safe charging current for your battery (bank or pack) If you have a single 75aH AGM battery, you don't want to be charging with more than about 15a. For a LiFePo4, you'd probably want to charge at no more than 40a. Otherwise a great video!

@cleversolarpower

4 ай бұрын

Good point 👍 I have touched on this in my video about C-rate.

Ihave 300Ah 12volt battery, iam trying to buy 200W×3, which Amp charge controller should i buy, sir

@cleversolarpower

8 күн бұрын

600W/14.4V=42A -> 40A or 50A charge controller.

Ive got 400w solar in my 12v system with a 30a mppt charge controller, its only ~ +10% safety margin but i think that's ok. Do you agree?

@cleversolarpower

3 ай бұрын

You will miss out on bright cold days, but that's ok.

@covecarpentry

3 ай бұрын

I see now victron makes a 150/35 that would be perfect.... my wife was right! Thanks again Nick.

What is better? Fuse or solar circuit breaker?

@cleversolarpower

4 ай бұрын

Fuse to protect individual series strings and one breaker right before the charge controller as a disconnect switch.

Hey I have a MPPT 100A charge controller, combined with a 12V deep cycle battery, I'll just be running a LED and security camera, what wattage solar panel you think I would need?

@cleversolarpower

3 ай бұрын

Checkout my video about sizing a solar power system. I explain in detail what you need.

The question is How if the landlord leave their home and there is no home's load used while landlords leave their home at all and all batteries is fully charged? Where does the solar panel energy will go or delivered when a daylight time and solar panel within produce the energy condition? Anyone can help to explained to me please?

@cleversolarpower

23 күн бұрын

When the battery is full the charge controller stops the electricity flow. Just like your light switch does at home.

Can you send me some signed? Better some print ouch absolute connection to my Bixby set alarm for and connect solo panels togetperiod. Thank you, babe would be appreciated.

1600 Renogy Solar Panels and dua Renogy 60amp MPPT Charge Controllers and dual Battery Banks 4 RENOGY 200amp AGM 2 CHINS 280AMP Lithium Iron Phosphate 24 Volt WZRELB 2500 watt Inverter

@cleversolarpower

4 ай бұрын

8 solar panels go to the AGM battery and 8 to the lithium battery?

@CollinBaillie

4 ай бұрын

But what to do with the other 1584 panels? 😝

@1GREATDANE

4 ай бұрын

Yes

@1GREATDANE

4 ай бұрын

*100 Amp RENOGY SOLAR PANELS for 16 Total, My Thought was Back Up Battery Bank Management here...

@cleversolarpower

4 ай бұрын

@@1GREATDANE You can switch the inverter from one battery bank to the other manually?

Please share calculation for 3000 watt With VOC= 51 and battery banks for 24V & 48V solutions

@cleversolarpower

3 ай бұрын

You can repeat the calculations in the video with your numbers. Easy 😉

I’m still baffled. So many people give different answers. I have a 50amp Renogy DC to DC and Battery charger. I bought it because it says 660watt max solar. I have 440 watts. However I didn’t think of watts. The solar says max VOC 52.2 the Renogy says Max Voltage input 25 volts……Everyone is saying it won’t work. Help

@cleversolarpower

Ай бұрын

A DC to DC battery charger is different from a charge controller.

@markfoster5240

Ай бұрын

It's a charge controller too.

@markfoster5240

Ай бұрын

Renogy dual input DC to DC on board battery charger with mppt. Its actually a 50v max Solar input. It also has overvoltage protection. My panel is 52.2 max volts output.

point of reference is whatever your battery bank size, double on the solar panels. 400ah of battery, use 800watts of solar. don't remember if it was will prowse that mentioned that on his youtube channel.

@cleversolarpower

4 ай бұрын

Doesn't work if you have a 24 or 48V battery, you will be seriously under sizing your panels. I made a video about how to size an off grid solar system. Go give it a watch 👍

Hi, A 200w solarpanel will never deliver 200W. May be 160-180 at midday if it’s new. The voltage you use to charge your batery depends on the type of your batery. A panel will deliver its maximum power only few hour a day. So your installation. That’s why you can size your MPPT at the minimum, i mean if you need 50A you can buy a 50a because it will work at his maximum only 1 or 2 hours a day if no clouds, no shadow, … If people have doubt, they can use Victron tools to size their MPPT, it’s friendly user. Regards

@cleversolarpower

3 ай бұрын

A 200W panel can deliver more than 200W on a cold sunny day. Doesn't happen much, but it is possible. Yes, the charging voltage depends on the battery type. Yes, a panel wil deliver it's max power over a few hours, so why not capture all of it? I do agree, but using an extra margin is not bad, especially for the max input voltage. Power depends on the individual preferences. This is just how i do it.