The mattress stitch joins 2 knitted edges together in a seam that is practically invisible from the right side of the knitting. Because of this, it is the most popular method of seaming.
The mattress stitch is worked 1 stitch away from the edges, thus the resulting seam contains 2 full columns of stitches. The seam therefore is quite bulky - but this is only evident on the wrong side of the knitting (where there will be a ridge along the seam).
This tutorial focusses on the joining of stockinette stitch selvedges, creating a vertical seam. I hope you find it useful!
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