The injection pump supplies pressurized fuel to the injector. It is the pump is connected to the control mechanism that determines the amount of fuel to be fed according to the engine load speed.
The fuel delivery process starts when the plunger closes the spill ports. The pressure above the plunger starts to increase and the main delivery valve opens, allowing the fuel to flow through the channel to the injector. The plunger stroke where the pressurized fuel is delivered is called effective stroke.
The amount of fuel delivered depends on the plunger's position. It can be adjusted by turning the plunger to a certain angle, so that the position of the helix changes. The fuel rack is connected to the control mechanism and is in constant mesh with the control sleeve. When the fuel rack moves in horizontal direction, the control sleeve and the plunger rotate.
The main delivery valve controls the fuel flow to the injector and acts as a non-return valve to prevent high pressure peaks from entering the pump chamber. Once the plunger's effective stroke ends and the pressure starts to decrease, the main delivery valve returns to its original position and blocks the fuel path.
The constant pressure valve stabilize the pressure pulsations in the injection pipe and maintains a residual pressure. After the effective stroke, the the fuel is drawn back from the high pressure injection pipe through this valve.
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