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All DIY repairs or modifications you perform to your car are made at your own risk. Sometimes, even if you've done everything the right way, you can destroy or damage one or more things on your car.
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When the engine is idling, a small amount of air flows around the hot wire, so it takes a very low electric current to keep the wire hot. When you press the gas, the throttle opens allowing more air to flow over the hot wire. The passing air cools the wire down.
The more air flows over the wire, the more electrical current is needed to keep it hot. The electric current is proportional to the amount of air flow. A small electronic chip installed inside the MAP Sensor translates the electric current into a digital signal and sends it to the engine computer (PCM). The PCM uses the air flow signal to calculate how much fuel to inject. The goal is to keep the air/fuel ratio at the optimal level.
In addition, the PCM uses the air flow readings to determine the shift points of the automatic transmission. If the air flow sensor doesn't work properly, the automatic transmission might shift differently too.
Symptoms of a bad MAP sensor
A contaminated or failed MAP sensor. This causes the engine computer to miscalculate the amount of injected fuel. As a result, a bad mass air flow sensor causes various driveability problems, including a no-start, stalling, lack of power and poor acceleration. In addition, a faulty MAP might cause the Check Engine or Service Engine Soon light to come on.
When the air flow sensor signal varies from the expected range, the PCM records a fault and stores the corresponding trouble code, illuminating the Check Engine light on the dash. This trouble code can be retrieved with a scan tool. The following trouble codes are usually associated with a mass air flow sensor:
P0100 - Mass Air Flow Circuit Malfunction
P0101 - Mass Air Flow Circuit Range/Performance
P0102 - Mass Air Flow Circuit Low
P0103 - "Mass Air Flow Circuit High"
P0104 - "Mass Air Flow Circuit Intermittent"
Trouble codes P0171 System Too Lean (Bank 1) and P0174 System Too Lean (Bank 2) are also often caused by a bad or contaminated mass air flow sensor.
How the mass air flow sensor is tested
In modern cars, the only way to test the mass air flow sensor is with a scan tool. Mechanics measure the amount of air flow (mass air flow sensor readings) at different RPMs. They compare the readings to the specifications or to the readings of a known-good mass airflow sensor.
PCV Valve
PCV valve controls emissions - it takes the gases produced by the crankcase and routes them back into your engine's combustion chambers to be safely burned without harming your vehicle or the environment. While gases can exit the crankcase through the PCV valve, they cannot return into it
Blow-by is when there is a leakage of air-fuel mixture or of combustion gases between a piston and the cylinder wall into the crankcase of an automobile. ... It must be noted that engine blow-by does not solely occur in diesel engines, but can also occur within gas engines, as well.