When asked how to manage raised intracranial pressure (ICP), here’s a structured response to cover all essential points concisely:
Oxygenation & Ventilation:
Ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation to maintain normal arterial blood gases.
Head Elevation:
Elevate the head of the bed to 30 degrees to facilitate venous outflow and reduce ICP.
Osmotic Agents:
Administer osmotic agents like mannitol or hypertonic saline to decrease cerebral edema and lower ICP.
Temporary Hyperventilation:
Briefly hyperventilate the patient to reduce arterial CO2 levels, causing cerebral vasoconstriction and lowering ICP.
Sedation & Analgesia:
Use sedation and analgesia to minimize agitation and reduce metabolic demand.
Neurosurgical Interventions:
If conservative measures fail, consider neurosurgical options such as decompressive craniectomy or placing an intracranial pressure monitor for precise management.
By following this structure, you can provide a thorough and clear answer within 60 seconds.
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