Mechanical seals have the purpose of preventing leakage of a fluid (liquid or gaseous) through the clearance between a shaft and the fluid container. The main components of a mechanical seal are the seal rings on which a mechanical force is acting, generated by springs or bellows , and an hydraulic force, generated by the process fluid pressure.
The seal ring which rotates with the shaft is called the "rotary ring" ; the seal ring fixed on the casing of the machinery is called the "stationary ring".
Secondary seals are required to perform static sealing between rotary rings and shafts and also between stationary rings and the casing of the machinery.
Elastomeric O-Rings are usually used as secondary seals but alternative systems can be used, as described in the following sections.
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