I really appreciate you travelling to space to shoot videos with those background. Hats off to you man.

@12:17 "We meet, in my mind, and we agree, that it's a good idea. And we go ahead." Loved this quote!!! May it be remembered for all time!

40 minutes of lovely space answers! It's my birthday

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

Happy Birthday!

Best videos on KZread, thanks for your amazing work!

The writing advice is 💯

Shadowrun! A truly under appreciated game/idea/world!

Great Q\A fraser. I recently became ur patreon. And it was very good to hear that u share one of my controversial opinions : we are alone in the universe.

I like the new thumbnails! I thought there was a video I hadn't watched yet 🙂 Edit: Did Chad do the text commentary at the start? I missed that first time around.

You mention the great filter when talking about the Fermi Paradox. Sometimes when I watch the news lately, I feel Earth is about to meet it's filter.

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

Fortunately, nuclear war can't be a great filter. It can be devastating, but it really can't wipe us all out. No, that'll be a genetically engineered virus or AI to really cleanse humanity. So take hope. ;-)

@Threedog1963

2 жыл бұрын

@@frasercain I didn't necessarily mean a nuclear war. Many countries have capabilites to create an engineered virus, or access to get one. Just seems the doomsday clock is ticking faster now and is getting close to midnight.

Thanks 👍

"It is made of purple, it is made of yes, and the power of gravity is dream." That was creative.

Congratulations on 23 years of providing us with great news and information! Thank you.

Great shoutout to Nigel Findley!

Hey Fraser! Does JWST work kinda like an SLR camera and so needs to focus on every object it sees? Or, does it basically have a standard focus like an iPhone?

When stars form in a cluster...just how close together are they are we talking?

Chad getting a bit cheeky there at the intro, haha

"guilty"... where have I heard this before?! ;) BTW, if you join the patreon, there's a very good chance you'll get to actually chat directly to Fraser. And it turns out, he's just the goddamn same in person. Just a great dude. :)

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

Hah, indeed. Didn't I tell you I'd try out that angle in an upcoming video?

Hi Fraser. Love your work. I was wondering how gravity/velocity affects the atoms in a satellites atomic clock

Excellent debunking of the Venus HAVOC idea. The only quibble I could make about it is this: Yes, you could potentially use a cable or a balloon of some sort to haul some resources up from the surface. Likewise, you could de-orbit various kinds of waste quite easily. Still, launching and landing would be very dangerous. The ultimate question would be: WHY? You can say this or that item is not ANY WORSE than on Earth. But what is there that is better? Nothing. Well, again, I suppose you might have a bit more solar energy than on Earth, at that altitude (along with a very long nighttime period). I mean, come on, come on, there must be better stuff to work on. Por dios.

You look healthy Fraser 👍🏽

Thick Venus atmosphere makes space travels easier because you can use energy of airships. Venus is the best option after Earth for creation permanent settlement because of normal gravitation on 50-60km height. From point of view economy this gives a lot of power and resource for making oxigen and methane. So Venus can be power plant for supplying Moon, Earth, Mars with oxigen and methane. On Venus you can have kids without problems of outer space as low gravitation and harmful radiation.

I think for a cloud city on Venus to be viable we would have to be able to consistently and reliably be able to send automated miners down to the surface. If we have that capability then it makes sense that we would start by creating a base on the surface and only moving to the clouds once technology has advanced enough to allow it.

@istvansipos9940

2 жыл бұрын

let's assume they work long enough. Considering all the heat and pressure down there, this is already a huge assumption. And then the whole project is still not viable. you can mine anything way cheaper on Earth. The motivation (Why go to Venus) is still not there. You send a bunch of people there to do.... what?

@virutech32

2 жыл бұрын

@@istvansipos9940 you don't. you send automated mining to increase your total mining capacity & it would be cheaper to get material off venus than earth. Not only is its orbital space basically empty so there's no worry about clutter but you also have venus's lower gravity. Getting material off earth will never be cheaper than literally any other rocky body in the solar system. The only exceptions are the gas giants & maybe the sun itself. once you have the place set up for mining & basic production it really doesn't matter where in SolSys you are. Just as easy to live in the cloud tops of venus as any other rocky body with an atmosphere. So you never start with people. They only come once the infrastructure trivializes moving there.

hi fraser love your work! I understand that rockets are launched at the equator to take advantage of the earth's rotation. I also get that some northern launches are done to take a polar orbit. but my question is why don't they launch from mountainous regions like Colorado, the Himalayas or Chile for example? wouldn't it take less fuel to launch? would you be able to launch a larger payload with less fuel in the lighter atmosphere at elevation?

Hi Fraser, Can you explain the refraction pattern in the JWST fist aligned Image it Shows 6 strong Spikes and 2 smaller ones. But with my Limited Knowledge of Telescopes we should See 3 From the Arms of the secondary mirror, I guess it has something to do with the hexagonal mirror Segments but i‘m curious to Understand why it Looks like it does.

Hey Fraser, got another question...if Oumuamua was clocked at 38.3 km/s and the escape velocity of our solar system is 42.127 km/s does that mean it was ejected from a lighter weight solar system and is now stuck in ours forever? Keep up the great work!

@saurabhj4950

2 жыл бұрын

I will leave our solar system.

Thanks for the good work! I'm wondering that does totally empty space (even counting out cosmic background radiation, neutrinos, dark matter & energy...) have energy? And if so, doesn't expanding universe generate energy out of thin air?

hi Fraser, how long in the life of red dwarfs do they give off the deadly solar flares that are detrimental to life in general? I read that they cool down after a certain age!

Fraser, I never thought you believed that we are ALONE in the universe. I just thought you believed that the logic of alien civilizations being able to physically contact us was pretty much astronomically impossible. We still don't know how many galaxies are in the universe. The number keeps growing almost every year.

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

No, it's just the opposite. If there are other advanced civilizations in the Milky Way, I think contact would be inevitable. Therefore... we're alone.

What do you think should be the next step for humanity's effort of living in space after ISS? Everyone says Mars but I think Moon is much better option. So much closer to home. Go Moon Base!

I wish you also had a visual analogy for the Doppler Shift cuz I can't hear well enough to tell any difference with the ambulances 🥺

Do gravitation waves pass through a black hole or does it create a shadow?

Hey Fraser, love your content! How do we know that a neutron star is not just a black hole where the event horizon has not reached the outer surface? Like once it hits a certain size the EH reaches the outside and it becomes a black hole. Is this at all a possibility?

@guitart4909

Жыл бұрын

It can. If it pulls enough matter from a nearby star or merges. With another neutron star

I need to join the Patreon.

I think artificial rotating gravity would work well, as long as you don't look out the window.

I think I have a somewhat contrarian view of the end of international cooperation in space. I think this will actually be good for space exploration, in the long run. It makes sense to think that if we all pool our minds we will achieve more than we can as separate nations. But what forced us to develop the technology to go to the moon was the space race and the competition between nations. I think we have become complacent as we have worked together and we need competition to push us forward. Just my 2 cents.

Hi Fraser. in recent weeks you speculated that the tides of the moon might be important to life developing on earth. Also Jupiter and what it might do. Might we be in a position where everything in our solar system had to be just right for life to develop: Star type, star distance, one moon, tides, right mix of planets, right orbits, etc.? We may just have the right combination of so many things which may explain why we might be the only ones out here/there

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

It doesn't seem likely. Life seems to be able to handle incredible variations in climate, catastrophic impacts, etc. It might be more specific for the initial formation of life, but even that seems unlikely. You probably just need chemicals, a solvent and energy.

Could we compress Jupiter into a big rocky planet?

Tides on a Earth sized moon around a Jupiter sized planet: put other moons around the planet. Bam. Like Galilean moons. They're tidally locked to Jupiter, but still have tides.

Are there some replays here? I feel like I've heard some of these answers before

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

I’m always trying to balance new and questions I’ve done before. It gives me practice. 😀

Question: If a black hole explodes due to radiating away mass through Hawking radiation. How big is the explosion going to be ? Is it on the scale of a supernova ? Is the Schwarzschild Radius gradually getting smaller uncovering objects that fell in trillions of years ago ?

A star can be from 1/12 of the Suns mass up to 150 (?) solar masses, so in that respect the Sun is at the lower range. On the other hand 75-ish % of stars are red dwarfs so in that sense the Sun is above average. It's complicated 🙂

Since Pluto and Charon are mutually tidally locked, could you use this to construct an enormous gravitational wave detector? Land probes at the north and south poles of Pluto and one at the equator of Charon. These then bounce lasers back and forth between each other to create the legs of an enormous interferometer. The near-vacuum at the surface of each body could negate the need for long vacuum tubes along the beam paths. I've heard of space-based gravitational waves detectors discussed in the past (using a series of craft flying in formation), but two mutually tidally locked bodies might negate the need for such precision flying.

@Surtwo

2 жыл бұрын

Although Pluto and Charon orbit each other, those orbits are still slightly elliptical, which would cause issues with ground-based detectors staying aligned, not to mention Pluto's suspected cryovulcanism. It's a good idea to use natural formations as infrastructure where possible, but in this case, I think formation flying is actually the easier option.

Hey Fraser, love your KZread channel! I was trying some back of the envelope math to see how far away our sun's sisters might be from us now. What constalations are they in or near? Can we see them w/o a telescope?

What would a magnetic monopole look like?

whats your favourite metamorphic rock?

The advice for becoming a better writer is kind of the opposite of what I've heard on how to become a good piano player. There it's all about slowing things down, ~Slow is smooth, smooth is fast.

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

I’ll bet learning to play fast makes you better too. I can always slow down if I want to make something really high quality.

Where do you get your sources to write ?

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

From space agencies, universities and science journals.

7:45 I definitely think there's a better solution for people living in the country wanting good internet. It's called Calyx Institute. It's far cheaper than what Fraser says he's paying fir Starlink. But that's just _my_ experience in rural Michigan. I'm sure it varies depending on where you live-- Calyx Institute isn't exactly a secret, so I have no doubt Fraser did his research and couldn't get signal where he lives for some reason.

@thatguy7595

2 жыл бұрын

That's just reselling cellular networks, which already requires you to have tower nearby with good signal that doesn't suffer from peak hours congestion etc. It does nothing to help improve the capacity or have the telcos build new towers, unlike Starlink which actually brings new bandwidth to new areas.

Can a planet orbit two star systems in an 8 shaped orbit? Basically the stars swap the planet between themselves.

If there is a redshift of light in the universe because of distance, then galaxies that move away with constant velocity seem to move away with acceleration. If so, the bigbang-theory is possibly wrong?

Queston: What do you mean by alone? Does that mean you don't think there is any life, even bacterial, in the entire Universe?

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

Yes, that's what I believe. I don't have any evidence for it, but the lack of evidence of life seems to indicate it in my mind.

Hey Fraser, if red dwarf stars are much more abundant and live much longer than yellow dwarfs (such as our sun), and also seem to have more rocky planets, what is the likelihood of us orbiting the sun as opposed to a red dwarf?

@virutech32

2 жыл бұрын

because we evolved around our star & not a red dwarf

Us there a reason i get patreon emails about your videos a day after they arr released on youtube. I dont mind personally im a patron to support but i thought patrons got them earlier not later.

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

We more than doubled the length of the QAs and improved the production on them. It's been tough for Chad to turn them around as fast as he could before, so I release them the moment he's done. We're bringing on some new people to help with production to get back ahead of time again.

Hi Fraser, gravity wave detectors measure a distance becoming shorter and longer. Does gravity really bend space or is Einstein's relativity just a model that very accurately predicts the right result?

@virutech32

2 жыл бұрын

As far as every method of detection we have the asnwer is yes it causes length contraction. Relativity's predictions are spot on & asking whether its right besides all the evidence kinda defeats the purpose of science. We can only know what we see & what we see is length contractions & time dialation so it hardly matters anymore than asking whether our reality is all a dream or hallucination. As long as it's self consistent that's all that really matters & also all we really have access to.

Isn’t there acid crap in the clouds . We would need something better than that ? Maybe a gas stop orbiting station to line something etc

Hi Fraser, love your show. What if, instead of ending the space station program in a decade like advertised, they will give it a strong boost and send it to the Orbit of Mars? Astronauts could still be inside orbiting Mars and even sending manned mission to the surface. What do you think?

Thank you . ( 2023 / Dec / 05 )

Am I right in being flabbergasted that no mars rover has a microscope on it? Wouldn't it be comparatively easy to have the rover dig a few feet down and scoop up a sample and look at it under a microscope?

Hi Fraser I’ve been catching up on some past episodes. Looking back have you been proved totally wrong on some of your theories or comments? Caroline

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

I think the biggest thing that I've been wrong about is that upcoming telescopes will be able to measure the atmospheres of exoplanets to learn if there's life there. Figuring out a concrete biosignature has been really tricky, and it might take decades to confirm life. :-(

Being alone in the universe... and never ``meeting any other intelligent lifeform`` is basically the same thing so yeah.

Russian space agency.. we may just decide to detach and leave your astronauts SpaceX.. so, here are some space tourists, we have a couple extra seats.. if anyone wants to leave with us.

Good news! The cosmonauts found out they had too much yellow and blue fabric!

QOTD: "A billion dollars isn't very much...":-)

Hi Fraser ! what is the origin of matter?

@virutech32

2 жыл бұрын

the big bang

@saurabhj4950

2 жыл бұрын

@@virutech32 What is the origin of big bang? Science: 🤫

@virutech32

2 жыл бұрын

@@saurabhj4950 that's beyond what we have access to or can know. May as well ask why 1+1=2.

"Damn Shaniqua! Quit trippin gurl! I'm trying to type a comment on this here video" Sorry about that Mr. Cain, so my question was...Astronauts have to deal with ZERO GRAVITY right? So then how does that effect their Methionylthreonylthreonylglutaminylarginylisoleucine proteins? 🤔

Hey Fraser, if an astronaut spins in the ISS, from their perspective, will they feel like they are spinning or that everything else spins around them?

Terraforming Venus.😜😜😜

13:10. There are situations in which time dilation cancels out with a doppler blue shift. θ = arccos{ −c/v + √[(c/v)² − 1] } The angle θ is the angle away from the observer's line of sight that results in no net shift in the spectrum of light from an object. If v/c = 0.8, for example, then θ = 120 degrees from the direction away from the observer, or 30 degrees of inbound spiral angle. The inverse function is v/c = −2 / (cos θ + sec θ)

16:05. The sun is more massive than 95% of main sequence stars. When each star is given equal statistical weight, the average star's mass is 0.34 solar masses.

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

Nice!

@Jenab7

2 жыл бұрын

@@frasercain That's the steady state, not the initial mass function.

"only got 200Mb"?! "ONLY"?! Try living in the countryside in the UK - 200Mb is a dream.

To clarify when you say you « think we’re alone in the universe » you mean in the sense of little to no other civilisations in the galaxy or nearby, not « we’re literally all there is », no ?

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

I think we're literally alone. There's no life on any other planet anywhere else.

@smenor

2 жыл бұрын

@@frasercain wow yeah that's a strong statement

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

I’d love to be wrong. I can’t wait to be proven incorrect. 😀

@smenor

2 жыл бұрын

@@frasercain seems like we’ll at least have much tighter bounds one way or another in the coming decades. IDK which is the more optimistic - if we’re rare at least it doesn’t imply an inevitable great filter or insurmountable barrier to advanced technology but it’d be an awful waste of space

A lot of writers don't have good ideas, don't have a good knowledge base and end up writing garbage.

I thought Starlink was supposed to provide internet to the world's poor? Where's my Starlink?

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

It depends on your country. They're still getting started and will use the revenue from wealthier countries to supply service to poorer countries. All technology takes this journey. They did just send 5,000 dishes to Ukraine to help people there communicate during the war.

Russia should be kicked out of the space station. They made a profit selling launch services, and I believe even one Russian module of the station was paid for by America. And they still get to attach their name on the project.

27:00. Fraser, did you happen to read the opening three chapters of my novel, Divine Heritage? It's a story about an 11-year-old girl who, as she enters puberty, begins developing the powers of a pagan goddess, like Minerva or Diana. The story will eventually become a science-fiction series, with Brenda Jones establishing "The Solar System Empire, an absolute imperial monarchy whose territories include all the space and all of the mass within one thousand astronomical units of the Solar System Barycenter, excluding only Earth, which is the property of its inhabitants, and the Sun, which is the common heritage of Mankind." But of course the SSE is only the first step. Brenda will colonize the Milky Way galaxy, the Magellanic Clouds, the galaxies in Andromeda and Triangulum... and after the local group, the Virgo Cluster, then all of Laniakea, the Perseus-Pisces supercluster, the Coma supercluster... everything that we can see today by light that has been travelling for 800 million years or less. The opening chapters of the first book can be found on my MeWe pages.

@Jenab7

2 жыл бұрын

@Gravel Pit Read further. It isn't your usual woke cliche.

@Jenab7

2 жыл бұрын

@Gravel Pit The colonization will last 16 billion years and be carried out entirely with dataships travelling at 0.07c hyperbolic excess speed relative to the Local Group.

Heh, Chad's plums.

Perhaps that's why my nephew became a geologist. So he can lick rocks.

@frasercain

2 жыл бұрын

You think I'm joking. Ask your nephew why they lick rocks. Something about knowing whether they're fossils or not.

@johnburr9463

2 жыл бұрын

@@frasercain Sounds interesting. I think I will.

How can it be a nice environment for your team when they have to write code in PHP? That's a human rights violation!! (I shouldn't have to say this but this is a joke. I hate PHP but, at the end of the day, it's the interpersonal relations and problems you get to solve which makes a job nice.)

that was some artful dodgery of a particular elephant in that room on the "special" topic. I cant fathom a better way to explain that concept without mentioning why i think Copernicus and others didnt preach we are special in the universe. Believing we are special would mean the universe was made with us in mind by some supernatural force or forces. But thats still covering the elephant with a chair or lamp. Thats where the God of the Gaps nuts start speakin up. Or a number of other pre Bronze and Bronze age goofy speculation comes in. And not being the brilliant professional science educator and journalist you are, I can throw that out there which much less reckless abandon and without fear of endless god-spam Turtles...all the way down

NGL, your pre-Universe Today life doesn't sound like any fun at all.

Does having. YT premium help you in any way? I’d understand if you can’t say specific numbers. Just wondering if it’s more/less than not having it.