Which country should I do a 'Territorial Evolution' video on?

@Pirouxy

6 ай бұрын

Hungary, their history is really interesting, both because they come straight from Asia but also because of their history with Austria :)

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

@@Pirouxy I already did that one! You can find it here: kzread.info/dash/bejne/qaF7xaihdpm6YaQ.html

@Pirouxy

6 ай бұрын

@@General.Knowledgeyou're right! i even watched it as well, i guess my memory isn't at it's best right now.. I suggest mongolia then, which i've not seen many youtubers do in that format! have a nice day 😅

@MsFunnyguy1

6 ай бұрын

Either Denmark(Im not Danish ) ;) ore Armenia, that would be very interresting, feel like there is so much history about armenia, that rarelly gets covered. And in my opinion is pretty underestimated.

@reike

6 ай бұрын

Luxembourg or Brazil

In other countries, people think of the Roman Empire. In Poland, we think about the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

@Artur_M.

6 ай бұрын

True.

@vol.4691

6 ай бұрын

In Lithuania, we think of it too x)

@Artur_M.

6 ай бұрын

@@vol.4691 And judging by some channels in Belarusian, like Будзьма Беларусамі, or Belsat History, many Belarusians also think about the PLC (the Grand Dutchy of Lithuania especially) a lot, and quite fondly.

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Do you think about it every day too?

@hmmmmmm8404

6 ай бұрын

​@@General.KnowledgeI wake up and immediately start crying when I think about year 1795

Fun fact: Jadwiga was the king of Poland. Queen is kings wife, so although she was a woman she held the title of king.

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Very interesting! I think it might be a really unique case

@MurzynZBangladeszu

6 ай бұрын

W polskim języku Jadwiga była królem, nie wiadomo, czy się to tak samo tłumaczy na angielski.

@ToTenDominik

6 ай бұрын

Yes and no. She was crowned as a king which meant she had all the power of a king, but she never used this title, she called herself a queen.

@007arek

6 ай бұрын

​@@ToTenDominikshe used that title.

@TheRezro

6 ай бұрын

@@MurzynZBangladeszu Nie. Jadwiga była wyjątkowa ze względów prawnych.

Awesome stuff. I am from Papua New Guinea but currently living in Poland so this was very interesting to watch and learn about this wonderful country.

@FekalistaGrzybowory-lz8lh

6 ай бұрын

Nice to see you hear. I hope that you are lucky in Poland while being so far from homeland. Greetings from a Pole

@equilibrum999

6 ай бұрын

of which tribe of theirs?

@etphonehome351

6 ай бұрын

@@FekalistaGrzybowory-lz8lh Dziękuję Bardzo💯

@etphonehome351

6 ай бұрын

@@equilibrum999 I am from the Nakanai Tribe in West New Britain Province.

@Piasecki1925

6 ай бұрын

Jeśli tutaj pracujesz to zawsze jesteś mile widziany❤

what a journey... love and respect from Lithuania 🫠

@byali4360

6 ай бұрын

Stay strong Lithuania 💪Protect your borders against Lukashenko's shenanigans.

@truskakwa

6 ай бұрын

we guys do miss you! best wishes from Poland

@PolityczneLSD

6 ай бұрын

best partners ever, miss u so much

@GreatPolishWingedHussars

5 ай бұрын

It is a big mistake to claim that Gdansk allegedly belonged to Poland after the First World War! Time: 15:52! But that's definitely not the only mistake in this video! Because there was also the mistake of not mentioning that Poland lost the war against the Germans in 1939 because of the betrayal of the Polish allies. The British and French declaration of war 1939 against Germany served only for saving face. The British and French had no intention of honoring their treaty obligation under the treaty of alliance and launching a massive attack in the west. They wanted to sacrifice Poland for peace with the Germans! This was the continuation of British and French foolish appeasement politics of the 30s! By the way, if British and French had massive attacked the Germans in the West, the Germans would have lost the war because they were not prepared for a two-fronts war! So unfortunately like so many KZread videos about Polish history, this video is also full of errors! When countries are discussed in this way, it is actually customary to show the territorial peaks of this country. One of the spikes is even shown correctly in the video with the first Polish kingdom with King Bolesław I the Brave when Poland becamean empire for the first time for a short time! Because King Bolesław I mastered in addition to the Polish territories, also Bohemia and Moravia (today Czechia), Pozsony (today Slovakia) Meissen, Lusatia (parts of today's East Germany) and Kievan Rus'. But Kievan Rus' is incorrectly called in the video Russia, but in reality it was Kievan Rus' so the area of ​​today's Ukraine, Belarus and today's Russian area between the cities of Novgorod and Kotlas including Karelia. But in the video, Poland is not called an empire at the time, just as it will not be called an empire later. In this video Lithuania is also incorrectly referred to as a kingdom in the video! Time: 10:54. Lithuania was only a grand duchy and Poland was the kingdom! As this is falsely stated in the video, it is also not stated that Lithuania was part of the Polish Empire and it is also not stated that de facto Poland became an empire again with the Union of Krewo in 1385. Lithuania became part of the Polish dominion with this union, which is not mentioned at all in this video like it is also not mentioned the name of this very important union for Polish history. The video also gives the completely wrong impression as to whether Lithuania was not part of the Polish dominion and so part of the Polish empire. Absurdly, Lithuania is even called as only an ally of Poland, which completely contradicts historical reality. It is pretended that the Polish king only became ruler of Lithuania with the Union of Lublin in 1569 and not, as is historically correct, that the Polish kings had been rulers of Lithuania since 1385 as Grand Dukes of Lithuania. The Union of Lublin in 1569 was actually the end point of the Polonization of Liatuen! The Rzeczpospolita, misnamed as Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which was part of the Polish name of the Polish Empire, which was fully in Polish "Rzeczpospolita Polska", is accompanied by the Latin "res publica". It is also always falsely claimed that the Polish Rzeczpospolita was founded with the Union of Lublin in 1569, because in reality the Poles founded the Rzeczpospolita with the revolutionary Constitution Nihil Novi from 1505. That was the first democratic constitution ever. With this revolutionary constitution Nihil Novi Poland had become an aristocratic republic and nobles' democracy. The Lithuanian and Ruthenian nobility, who were already largely Polonized, had the same rights as the Polish nobility by this constitution. It was a limited democracy, but still, in comparison to the completely despotically governed other European countries with the exception of England and some Italian republics, it is an enormous Polish advance. So the Rzeczpospolita was never intended as a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. The Poles still dominated the state as before. The completely absurd name "Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth", based on a wrong translation, is also used for the Polish "Rzeczpospolita", which unfortunately is not only done wrong in this video. But I will explain this incorrect term later. It is a historical fact that since the Treaty of the Union of Krewo in 1385 there was a de jure and de facto Polish-Lithuanian personal union with the Polish king as the sovereign. According to this definition was Poland an empire in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries! This already proves the enormous size of the Polish territory at this time compared to other European countries that the Polish king and the Polish parliament ruled. The Poles were also the political and military dominant ethnic group of this Empire. So the Poles were the imperial ruling ethnic group! The Poles ruled not only the Lithuanians but also variousother peoples and there were 9 different religious groups in the Polish Empire.(Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, Eastern Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic Orthodox, Jews, Russian Old Believers and Mennonites.) So it was a Polish empire, because the Poles were the nation in power. The Poles ruled the other peoples and partially assimilated them. Lithuanians and other peoples were Polonized in the Polish Empire. Only one nation was relevant in this empire and that was the Poles. In fact, Poland was the only empire in Europe for 100 years in the entire 15th century! Lithuanians as well Ruthenians the ancestors of the Belarusians and Ukrainians like various other peoples were mastered by the Poles. It was a Polish empire, because the Poles were the nation in power. The Poles ruled the other peoples and partially assimilated them. That is why the Lithuanians were almost completely Polonized. The enormous polonization of Lithuania also illustrates the Polish power over Lithuania. The Polonization of the Lithuanian nobility progressed rapidly as early as the 15th century starting with the that in total 47 selected Lithuanian nobles were adopted by Polish nobles heraldic families and granted Polish coats of arm. The names of these Lithuanian nobles were also Polonized. This gesture signified their desire to adopt Polish customs and integrate into Polish society. This was also part of Poland's significantly increased Polonization of Lithuania. It was simply worth becoming a Pole, because Poles were in power in the state. In any case, the Polonization happened voluntarily. The assimilation of the Lithuanians was favored by several factors. One of the most important factors was the cultural superiority of the Poles. The Polonized Lithuanian nobility sent their sons to Poland for education. By the way, the oldest university in Lithuania is the University of Vilnius, which was founded in 1579 by the Polish king. The oldest university in Poland is the Jagiellonian University of Karaków founded in 1364 by the polish King Casimir III the Great and by the way, this ist one of the oldest universities in continuous operation in the world. By the way, the official and written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania before being taken over by Poland was not the Lithuanian language, which only became a written language in the 16th century, but Ruthenian, an early form of today's Belarusian and Ukrainian languages. Before being taken over by Poland in 1385, the East Slavic language Ruthenian, as most common language, was used as the written language, not Lithuanian. Besides that after Lithuania became part of the Polish Empire in 1385 everywhere the upper class spoke Polish. Only the peasants spoke Lithuanian! In any case, due to the cultural superiority of the Poles, the assimilation was greatly accelerated. This is how more and more Lithuanians want to be Poles! It was simply worth becoming a Pole and being part of the dominant ethnic group. It was worth being assimilated by the Poles! Most of Lithuanian nobility were Polonized and spoke Polish. The nobility was a role model for the rest of the population and that is why more and more non-nobles spoke Polish. In addition, it was simply worth becoming a Pole, because Poles were in power in the state. The result of this Polishization was that in the end only 4% in the former lithuanian capital spoke Lithuanian and the overwhelming majority spoke Polish. This is a historical fact. So due to the Polishization of Lithuanians, this city became a Polish city. This city is symbolic for all of Lithuania and Lithuanians. Because the city was Polonized like a large part of Lithuania and the Lithuanian population. Unfortunately, after World War II, the overwhelming majority of the Polish urban population was expelled from Wilno city by the Soviets. Poles were also murdered. The Lithuanians assisted the Soviets in this action against the Polish population of Wilno! However, all these facts make it clear that Lithuania has been part of the Polish Empire since the Union of Krewo in 1385. Of course, it is not mentioned in the video that Poland suffered such an extreme population loss because of the Swedish massacres of the civilian population. Those who attacked Poles were completely insane. A Polish chronicler reported that in their madness they even wanted to kill the stones. It is also not clearly stated who destroyed the cities and churches etc. listed. Those were the SWEDEN!

@byali4360

5 ай бұрын

@@GreatPolishWingedHussars Bro nobody's going to read all that. You're crazy.

12:20 I come to explain... so... On the first of March in 1569, the Lithuanians, led by Mikołaj Radziwiłł, secretly left Lublin, intending to sabotage the parliamentary sessions. All the previous work on the agreement was thwarted, which the king later bitterly reproached the Lithuanians for. The Crown delegates used the departure of the Great Duchy delegates to incorporate the lands of Podlasie and Volhynia (on the 21st and 26th of March), something the nobility had long awaited. In early June, at the request of the nobility of Volhynia, the Kiev region was also joined to Poland. At the same time, work on the union project continued, and it was completed on the 24th of March. So in summary some of the Lithuanian nobles did not want to join the union, they left the negotiations, King was angry and transfered the lands of Ukraine from Lithuania into Poland.

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Great summary! I really couldn't find anything about this in my research so I'm glad you guys could fill me in.

@Vfawek

6 ай бұрын

Yeah, I can agree. That's how it was.

@compatriot852

6 ай бұрын

Polish nobility have a long history of meddling with Lithuania. For example, they continously revolted when Vytautas tried becoming King of Lithuania in 1429 after Sigismund of Hungary proposed the idea

@aleksanderkorecki7887

6 ай бұрын

​​@@compatriot852And Vytautas had long history of meddling with everyone. Man changed sides like they were coats. Technically he had no rights to Lithuanian crown since he ruled it the name of Jagiełło. Maybe Sigismund stroked his ego with this proposal. And Lithuanian nobles didn't want to join the union, but they still wanted Polish money for the wars with Moscow (they were constantly losing).

@ShadowNC

5 ай бұрын

Lithuanian and Polish history books disagree on some points. In our books Jogaila, is sometimes shown as a sell out to Poland, since he started to repress Lithuania, which he was a Duke of, since becoming king of Poland. Vytautas, his cousin, is basically said to be the greatest ruler Lithuania ever had. The wars are also differently written about and the stories don't match, especially the battle of Grunwald (Žalgirio mūšis) that js a big topic of historical difference in Lithuania compared to Poland. And if we adress the crowning of Vytautas, it is taught to us that on his way to be crowned Vytautas was assassinated by some Poles and because of that Lithuania was basically forced into the commonwealth, while being the bigger and more powerful country. Which led to Lithuanians being repressed by the Poles throughout the commenwealth's existence period.

A small note, Ruś and Rosja(Russia) are two separate entities, Rus existed for centuries, and once it fell to the mongols it ceased to exist, the people and the regions were still called Rusini/Ruś, Rusini was a general name for Ruthenians, White Ruthenians, Red Ruthenians, Volhynians, Muscovites, etc, and even though they were similar, they had big enough differences to stay divided, the Russian ethnicity was formed with Russia as a leaverage to unify lands of the former Rus, trying to merge all the cultures into one, something you sort of still can see now

@Carnifici

6 ай бұрын

Thanks, was looking for the comment that explains this mistake, as it was painfull to hear about "Russia" in XI century. We cannot really call them Russians until XVI century and Ivan the Terrible when he did actually form the Tsardom of Russia. Before then, those territories were split between various duchies and remnants of Mongols such as Kazan or Golden Horde khanates. I know those sort of videos need to be simplified, but this is a mistake that could be remedied without lengthening a video more than few seconds.

@KarczekWieprzowy

6 ай бұрын

@@Carnifici Yes but to be fair, there's not much known about those areas simply because of how remote they were, it's fair to point out but not surprizing that it's not common knowledge

@sebe2255

6 ай бұрын

They are two separate entities but Russia (Muscovy) did basically successfully claim reclaim the Rus legacy. Still it is obviously better to refer to the Rus and not Russia to avoid the confusion and accidental anachronistic conceptions. Even if the Rus were also referred to as Rusia or variations of that name.

@KarczekWieprzowy

6 ай бұрын

@@sebe2255 Yes exactly And also due to recent events pretty much nobody would mind if Ukraine restored the Rus :V

@sebe2255

6 ай бұрын

@@KarczekWieprzowy The Rus were restored already, by Muscovy. But obviously there is animosity in Ukraine and Western Europe towards Russia because of their ridiculous war.

It’s amazing to me how for as many times as Poland was destroyed it always would rise from the ashes

@MichalKaczorowski

6 ай бұрын

the first verse of our anthem means more or less "Poland will not perish as long as Poles live"

@PereMarquette1223

6 ай бұрын

@@MichalKaczorowski no kidding, very accurate statement

@metanoian965

6 ай бұрын

Poland and the Polish People were never destroyed. Some foreigners drew lines on new maps and so changed imaginary borders. But the Polish People remained on their land. From the West to the East, there they were, on their land. Even today in West Belarus and West Ukraine they are there.

@GreatPolishWingedHussars

5 ай бұрын

Poland was only destroyed twice. So not many times! By the way, to the video I would like to add the following. It is a big mistake to claim that Gdansk allegedly belonged to Poland after the First World War! Time: 15:52! But that's definitely not the only mistake in this video! Because there was also the mistake of not mentioning that Poland lost the war against the Germans in 1939 because of the betrayal of the Polish allies. The British and French declaration of war 1939 against Germany served only for saving face. The British and French had no intention of honoring their treaty obligation under the treaty of alliance and launching a massive attack in the west. They wanted to sacrifice Poland for peace with the Germans! This was the continuation of British and French foolish appeasement politics of the 30s! By the way, if British and French had massive attacked the Germans in the West, the Germans would have lost the war because they were not prepared for a two-fronts war! So unfortunately like so many KZread videos about Polish history, this video is also full of errors! When countries are discussed in this way, it is actually customary to show the territorial peaks of this country. One of the spikes is even shown correctly in the video with the first Polish kingdom with King Bolesław I the Brave when Poland becamean empire for the first time for a short time! Because King Bolesław I mastered in addition to the Polish territories, also Bohemia and Moravia (today Czechia), Pozsony (today Slovakia) Meissen, Lusatia (parts of today's East Germany) and Kievan Rus'. But Kievan Rus' is incorrectly called in the video Russia, but in reality it was Kievan Rus' so the area of ​​today's Ukraine, Belarus and today's Russian area between the cities of Novgorod and Kotlas including Karelia. But in the video, Poland is not called an empire at the time, just as it will not be called an empire later. In this video Lithuania is also incorrectly referred to as a kingdom in the video! Time: 10:54. Lithuania was only a grand duchy and Poland was the kingdom! As this is falsely stated in the video, it is also not stated that Lithuania was part of the Polish Empire and it is also not stated that de facto Poland became an empire again with the Union of Krewo in 1385. Lithuania became part of the Polish dominion with this union, which is not mentioned at all in this video like it is also not mentioned the name of this very important union for Polish history. The video also gives the completely wrong impression as to whether Lithuania was not part of the Polish dominion and so part of the Polish empire. Absurdly, Lithuania is even called as only an ally of Poland, which completely contradicts historical reality. It is pretended that the Polish king only became ruler of Lithuania with the Union of Lublin in 1569 and not, as is historically correct, that the Polish kings had been rulers of Lithuania since 1385 as Grand Dukes of Lithuania. The Union of Lublin in 1569 was actually the end point of the Polonization of Liatuen! The Rzeczpospolita, misnamed as Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which was part of the Polish name of the Polish Empire, which was fully in Polish "Rzeczpospolita Polska", is accompanied by the Latin "res publica". It is also always falsely claimed that the Polish Rzeczpospolita was founded with the Union of Lublin in 1569, because in reality the Poles founded the Rzeczpospolita with the revolutionary Constitution Nihil Novi from 1505. That was the first democratic constitution ever. With this revolutionary constitution Nihil Novi Poland had become an aristocratic republic and nobles' democracy. The Lithuanian and Ruthenian nobility, who were already largely Polonized, had the same rights as the Polish nobility by this constitution. It was a limited democracy, but still, in comparison to the completely despotically governed other European countries with the exception of England and some Italian republics, it is an enormous Polish advance. So the Rzeczpospolita was never intended as a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. The Poles still dominated the state as before. The completely absurd name "Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth", based on a wrong translation, is also used for the Polish "Rzeczpospolita", which unfortunately is not only done wrong in this video. But I will explain this incorrect term later. It is a historical fact that since the Treaty of the Union of Krewo in 1385 there was a de jure and de facto Polish-Lithuanian personal union with the Polish king as the sovereign. According to this definition was Poland an empire in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries! This already proves the enormous size of the Polish territory at this time compared to other European countries that the Polish king and the Polish parliament ruled. The Poles were also the political and military dominant ethnic group of this Empire. So the Poles were the imperial ruling ethnic group! The Poles ruled not only the Lithuanians but also variousother peoples and there were 9 different religious groups in the Polish Empire.(Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, Eastern Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic Orthodox, Jews, Russian Old Believers and Mennonites.) So it was a Polish empire, because the Poles were the nation in power. The Poles ruled the other peoples and partially assimilated them. Lithuanians and other peoples were Polonized in the Polish Empire. Only one nation was relevant in this empire and that was the Poles. In fact, Poland was the only empire in Europe for 100 years in the entire 15th century! Lithuanians as well Ruthenians the ancestors of the Belarusians and Ukrainians like various other peoples were mastered by the Poles. It was a Polish empire, because the Poles were the nation in power. The Poles ruled the other peoples and partially assimilated them. That is why the Lithuanians were almost completely Polonized. The enormous polonization of Lithuania also illustrates the Polish power over Lithuania. The Polonization of the Lithuanian nobility progressed rapidly as early as the 15th century starting with the that in total 47 selected Lithuanian nobles were adopted by Polish nobles heraldic families and granted Polish coats of arm. The names of these Lithuanian nobles were also Polonized. This gesture signified their desire to adopt Polish customs and integrate into Polish society. This was also part of Poland's significantly increased Polonization of Lithuania. It was simply worth becoming a Pole, because Poles were in power in the state. In any case, the Polonization happened voluntarily. The assimilation of the Lithuanians was favored by several factors. One of the most important factors was the cultural superiority of the Poles. The Polonized Lithuanian nobility sent their sons to Poland for education. By the way, the oldest university in Lithuania is the University of Vilnius, which was founded in 1579 by the Polish king. The oldest university in Poland is the Jagiellonian University of Karaków founded in 1364 by the polish King Casimir III the Great and by the way, this ist one of the oldest universities in continuous operation in the world. By the way, the official and written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania before being taken over by Poland was not the Lithuanian language, which only became a written language in the 16th century, but Ruthenian, an early form of today's Belarusian and Ukrainian languages. Before being taken over by Poland in 1385, the East Slavic language Ruthenian, as most common language, was used as the written language, not Lithuanian. Besides that after Lithuania became part of the Polish Empire in 1385 everywhere the upper class spoke Polish. Only the peasants spoke Lithuanian! In any case, due to the cultural superiority of the Poles, the assimilation was greatly accelerated. This is how more and more Lithuanians want to be Poles! It was simply worth becoming a Pole and being part of the dominant ethnic group. It was worth being assimilated by the Poles! Most of Lithuanian nobility were Polonized and spoke Polish. The nobility was a role model for the rest of the population and that is why more and more non-nobles spoke Polish. In addition, it was simply worth becoming a Pole, because Poles were in power in the state. The result of this Polishization was that in the end only 4% in the former lithuanian capital spoke Lithuanian and the overwhelming majority spoke Polish. This is a historical fact. So due to the Polishization of Lithuanians, this city became a Polish city. This city is symbolic for all of Lithuania and Lithuanians. Because the city was Polonized like a large part of Lithuania and the Lithuanian population. Unfortunately, after World War II, the overwhelming majority of the Polish urban population was expelled from Wilno city by the Soviets. Poles were also murdered. The Lithuanians assisted the Soviets in this action against the Polish population of Wilno! However, all these facts make it clear that Lithuania has been part of the Polish Empire since the Union of Krewo in 1385. Of course, it is not mentioned in the video that Poland suffered such an extreme population loss because of the Swedish massacres of the civilian population. Those who attacked Poles were completely insane. A Polish chronicler reported that in their madness they even wanted to kill the stones. It is also not clearly stated who destroyed the cities and churches etc. listed. Those were the SWEDEN! In the next comment below I will explain why the name Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is wrong!

@GreatPolishWingedHussars

5 ай бұрын

To use the term Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is wrong for two reasons! First reason! To use the term "Commonwealth" in the name of the state is nonsensical, as it suggests a kind of equality that did not exist! That was a Polish empire, which is why the term "Commonwealth" is wrong. This state was not a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians as the wrong term Commonwealth suggests. So the Rzeczpospolita was not a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. Because that was a Polish Empire and not a Polish Lithuanian Empire. Poles imperial ruling ethnic group completely dominated this state and all peoples of the empire. Lithuania was part of the Polish Empire in both periods of Polish history in the period of Polish Kingdom and Polish Rzeczpospolita and the Lithuanians were also mastered by the Poles in both periods. There was no equality whatsoever, as the misnomer "Commonwealth" would suggest. Polish wealth was always decisive. So if anything then Polishwealth and not Commonwealth. The state took over the Polish constitution Nihil Novi in 1505 and not a Lithuanian constitution. This constitution of 1505 was the actual founding of the Rzeczpospolita as a Polish noble republican democracy. Determined by the Polish Parliament Sejm! That the Poles dominated the state is also clearly shown by the Polish name Rzeczpospolita of that state. It was revolutionary at that time, because 10%-15% of the population, which was the Polish nobility at that time, had the power for the internal affairs of the state. In the rest of Europe, the proportion of the population of the nobility was 1% of the population and not 10-15% as in Poland. In the rest of Europe, with the exception of England and some Italian republics, ruled despotic monarchs. It is always wrong claimed that the Rzeczpospolita was founded with the Lublin Union in 1569. Because the Rzeczpospolita was actually established much earlier, with the revolutionary Polish constitution "Nihil Novi "passed by the Polish parliament in 1505 and applied to the entire Polish Empire which is why the Ruthenian and Lithuanian nobility got constitutional rights too. But a large part of the nobility ruling the empire with the king was Polish. Through this revolutionary constitution Nihil Novi, the Polish Empire became the Rzeczpospolita Nobles' Democracy! The Polish Empire was no longer called the Kingdom of Poland, but the most serene (most high) Rzeczpospolita Poland. The constitution was the primary element of the democratic governance in the Polish kingdom which granted Parliament extensive powers. The Parliament (Sejm) was a powerful political institution and the king could not pass most of laws without the approval of that body. But before the Polish Rzeczpospolita the Polish kingdom was an empire and as Rzeczpospolita Poland continued to be an empire! A Polish republic which was amazingly nevertheless a monarchy with a king elected by the nobility! This incorrect translation actually also falsifies historical reality by adding "Polish- Lithuanian" before the wrong term "Commonwealth"". But such a term as a state name, which would be in Polish "polsko-litewska Rzeczpospolita" (English Polish-Lithuanian Republic), never existed and such a term was never used. So also the use of "Polish-Lithuanian" in this name falsifies historical reality, because also through this term arises the fallacy that this state was a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. But the Rzeczpospolita was not a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. Even the Polish Kingdom before that was not such legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. There was also no Polish-Lithuanian kingdom and therefore such a term was not used. The Grand Duchy was of course mastered by the Kingdom and not the other way around. So the Polish kingdom mastered the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as well as other territories. Because that was a Polish Empire and not a Polish Lithuanian Empire. Poles dominated all peoples of the empire and the entire state. Because the Poles were the imperial ruling ethnic group. There was no equality whatsoever as the wrong term "common wealth" suggests. The purpose of this state was not the common wealth of Poles and Lithuanians, but Polish wealth. The smart Polanders only feigned equality for the Lithuanians for a while, until they secured power throughout the Empire. The state was never called "polsko-litewska Rzeczpospolita" meaning Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in English. NEVER! But unfortunately this wrong name and wrong translation with the historically wrong addition of Polish-Lithuanian is used by historians worldwide, although it is actually complete nonsense. The second reason why the term "Commonwealth" is wrong is the fact that "Commonwealth" is a mistranslation of the Polish term Rzeczpospolita. So this term is wrong because the term Polish-Lithuanian "Commonwealth" is a modern, nonsensical invention by 20th century historians which is based on a wrong translation that does not correspond to reality. This state was never called Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. NEVER! Used in international treaties and diplomacy, the state has been called the most serene ( most high) Rzeczpospolita Poland. Its residents simply referred it in the everyday language as Rzeczpospolita or Poland occasionally also the crown. The correct translation for Rzeczpospolita is Republic and certainly not Commonwealth. In other languages ​​it is also correctly translated as a republic, but in English it is always translated incorrectly as Commonwealth and not correctly republic. The wrong translation is used again and again. But even today, is the official Polish name is Rzeczpospolita Polska. Lithuania doesn't call itself that way. Because in reality, Poland was the Rzeczpospolita in earlier times and is that still today! Would one call Poland today Commonwealth because Poland is now Rzeczpospolita (Republic)? Of course not, because it is wrong today as it was wrong in the past to call this Polish state Commonwealth! Today Rzeczpospolita Polska is also correctly translated in English as the Republic of Poland and not wrong Commonwealth Poland! Why is that then wrongly translated with Commonwealth for the earlier times. Actually absurd! Incidentally, the first documented with the use of the term Rzeczpospolit as a designation of the Polish state can be found in Maćka Borkowica's act of allegiance, for the Polish king Kazimierz the Great on 16. February 1358 in the town of Sieradz. At that time Lithuania was not yet united with Poland at all! So a Polish term for Poland! By the way, this Polish state of the 17th and 18th century is generally referred to in Poland as the 1st Polska Rzeczpospolita. Then in Polish, the 2nd Polska Rzeczpospolita is called the Polish Republic between the wars. The 3rd Polska Rzeczpospolita is then the republic for the Poles from 1989 after the liberation from the soviet occupation. The by the communist henchmen so-called Polish People's Republic (in Polish Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa) to which Poland was forced by the Soviets, is not recognized by the Poles as a Polish Rzeczpospolita and therefore there are 3 Rzeczpospolitas and not 4. This republic is not called in Poland Polish Lithuanian Rzeczpospolita but only Polish Rzeczpospolita (republic). Because that was above all a Polish state and a Polish empire! Before that it was also a Polish Kingdom and Empire! By the way, this term Commonwealth is not the only one that was invented later to name an empire differently than it was actually called! For example, the term "Byzantine Empire" was invented after the end of the empire. The Empire was not called that way by the citizens and the government. The historically correct names for this state would be Poland, Polish Kingdom or after the founding of the Republic the Rzeczpospolita. The term Rzeczpospolita seems difficult to pronounce for non-Poles. But that is not the case at all. With a little practice, anyone can pronounce the term correctly. A little help: Rz is pronounced like the "isi" in vision. So virzon sounds like vision. Cz sounds like the "ch" in church. So Czurcz sounds like church. But if one just use "sh" instead of "rz", that sounds close to Polish. "Ch" can be used instead of "cz". With these clues, everyone can probably read the term Rzeczpospolita. The Anglicized term Shechpospolita could also be used as an alternative. So Shechpospolita would be written in English, which could be pronounced without problems. So there is no reason not to use this correct term Rzeczpospolita or Shechpospolita. By the way, the Polish Empire could also be used as an alternative to Rzeczpospolita for this state if one wants to use a modern term. Because that was a Polish Empire and not a Polish Lithuanian Empire. Because the Poles completely dominated this state and were the rulers. In summary, one can say that it is just a wrong translation and the false claim about equality and equal status of Poland and Lithuania that didn't exist! Because that was a Polish empire controlled by Poles

All mistakes I found: 1:49 Actually Vistualns wasn't predecessors of any country neighbouring Poland, their teritories became part of Poland. The long time capital of Poland - Kraków - is located in former lands of Vistulans. Because Poland started with Polans tribe, Polans lands are called Greater Poland (lat. Polonia Maior - original meaning of this was "Older Poland"), because later capital city and political center of Poland moved to former Vistulan lands, those teritories are called Lesser Poland (lat. Polonia Minor - original meaning of this was "Younger Poland"). Veleti also didn't create stable country. They were conquered by Germans in XIII c. and todays German capital - Berlin - is located in former Veleti lands. Similar situation with Moravians - they didn't create their own country (country based in Moravia collapsed before Poland was created) and became part of Czechia (and to this day Moravia is still part of this country) 2:59 Those names have english equivalents: Pomorze (read "Pomozhe") is Pomerania, Mazowsze (read Mazovshe) is Masovia, Lędzianie (this is particularilly hard to pronounce for not polish spekaer, but is something like "Lenjańye" - ń is always pronounced in Polish like gn in word lasagne, and j in this particular word is pronounced like G in name Giuseppe) are Lendians. 5:00 Mieszko (read Myeshko) had actually 3 sons from second marriage. It is not clear althrough whether all of them outlived him or not, so maybe placing two of them in this video isn't a mistake. 5:16 Not "Russia", but Rus' (or Ruthenia). Russia was founded several centuries later. Also Boleslaus initially didn't want to fight with Germany. Holy Roman Emperor Otto III wanted to create paneuropean empire, in which all parts would be equal. Empire would contain 4 kingdoms: Gallia (France), Germania (Germany), Italia (Italy) and Sclavinia (Slavic lands). The last one would be ruled by Boleslaus. Unfortunatelly Otto died young and his successor Henry II didn't want friendly relations with Poland. When Boleslaus went to Germany Henry tried to assasinate him and that is how conflict started. 5:47 - 6:14 Those names also have english eqivalents. Łużyce (read "Wuzhitse") is in english Lusatia. Grody Czerwieńskie (second word is read like "Chervyeńskye") in english are "Cherven cities". Czechia and Bohemia in this context are the same. Slovakia was actually annexed, but later lost. The dates when Boleslaus conquests were lost are still debatable. A theory that Boleslaus was allowed by the Pope to be crowned isn't popular in modern times. Papacy at the time was controlled by Holy Roman Empire, which was conflicted with Boleslaus. In 1024 both the Pope and the Emperor died, so probably Boleslaus was crowned without anybodys permission. His, and later his son, coronation was consider illegal by Germans. 6:26 Polish kingdom collapsed years before that invasion. In 1031 polish king had to escape from Poland, and after he returned to Poland the Emperor forced him to resign his title and became duke. After his death in 1034 Poland collapsed and interregnum and anarchy started. 7:32 Ruler of Kraków wasn't elective - he was supposed to be the oldest member of the dynasty. Because of that Kraków was called "Senioral Province" at the time, and succession system of Poland - Seniorate. 9:46 Prussia wasn't lost to the Teutonic Order, because Prussia was never part of Poland before 10:19 Jadwiga is read in Polish as "Yadviga", but also in english she is sometimes refferd as Hedwig. Jogaila similarilly is read as "Yogaila" 10:58 In light red there are Polish vassals, not Polish expansion. 13:12 Poland didn't lose Prussia in 1619. It was inherited by Elector of Brandenburg, but he became Polish vassal in Prussia. It was only in 1657 when Poland finally lost Prussia and you were even talking about that in your video about Prussia. In this year Elector of Brandenburg enforced on Polish king to acknowledge his independence in Prussia. 13:34 Russian invasion (1654) began before Swedish one (1655). 15:00 Poland wasn't a republic after II partition, at least not in modern meaning of this word. Before II partition new constitution abolished elective monarchy and established a hereditary one. Russia anyway enforced on Poland abolishon of the constitution and return to elective monarchy. 15:25 Congress Poland lasted long time. It was a state fully dependent on Russia. Poland lost any autonomy after January Uprising, but name Congress Poland was used to 1918. 15:54 Gdańsk wasn't part of Poland in interwar period. Gdańsk was a Free City. 16:27 Sovereignity of Poland wasn't restored, Poland became Soviet puppet. 17:38 The new Polish borders were created by Soviets, Americans and Brits in Yalta conference. Stalin wanted to push Polish borders west because he wasn't sure about future of Germany - wheter it be communist country or a capitalist one and polish people couldn't oppose those decisions. 18:17 Poland was in Soviet sphere of influence since the end of WWII. 18:35 There were some teritorial changes, but rather small. The biggest one was with Ukrainian SSR (part of USSR) in 1951 (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_territorial_exchange)

@shwabb1

6 ай бұрын

Also the Khmelnytsky Uprising (and subsequent creation of Cossack Hetmanate) was skipped

@Macion-sm2ui

6 ай бұрын

@@shwabb1 Yeah, but skipping is not the same as mistake

@bozydarboski9407

6 ай бұрын

​​@@Macion-sm2uiSugestia zmian zapisu wymowy, żeby nie było nieporozumień: Mazowsze - mazoVshe Mieszko - mYEshko Łużyce - wuzhiTSe Czerwieńskie - chervyeGNskye I jeszcze dodatki: Kraków - krakuv Gdańsk - gdagnsk

@Macion-sm2ui

6 ай бұрын

@@bozydarboski9407 Gn jako ń czyta się chyba tylko we włoskim, a na pewno nie w angielskim. Mazowsze i Łużyce faktycznie w twoim zapisie są lepsze, ale Mieszka celowo nie poprawiałem, bo czytał go dobrze w filmie, jedynie z wyjątkiem głoski sz, więc jeżeli bym to zmienił to sugerowałbym, że w dotychczasowej wymowie autora jest coś nie tak. Krakowa nie poprawiałem, bo zdaje mi się, że jego wymowa jest angielską wymową nazwy tego miasta, tak jak Warsaw jest nazwą warszawy.

@bozydarboski9407

6 ай бұрын

@@Macion-sm2ui Z mieszkiem nie chodzi o wymowę konkretnie autora, a bardziej o to, że dość często spotykam się z tym, że 'ie' czytają jak 'i', 'ye' nie pozostawia żadnych wątpliwości. 'gn' jest obecne w angielskim za pomocą chociażby takiego słowa jak lasagna. Jeśli chodzi o kraków to po zastanowieniu możesz mieć rację.

Thank you for presenting the history of Polish borders, also including the Piast era. Many people today repeat the propaganda that current Western Poland has nothing to do with Poland, but the truth is that this is its historical core. One of the first known Polish battles - the Battle of Cedynia was fought on the Polish-German border on the Odra River.

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Absolutely! I'd say modern Polish borders are the best match to those of the original kingdom

@lucinae8510

6 ай бұрын

I think it was also partly influenced by modern maps showing western parts of Poland are economically, religiously and politically different from the rest of Poland, which people are quick to assume is because those areas were originally part of Prussia/Germany.

@tkitn01

6 ай бұрын

Doesn't change the fact that all the castles, churches and cities (as we know them today) in these areas were built by Germans. And that's what really matters to be honest. Borders aren't too important, they're dynamic and change every few centuries.

@Nacjo_Farmer

6 ай бұрын

@@tkitn01 It so happens that in the western lands there are many Romanesque churches built during the Piast dynasty. In Wrocław, Opole and Szczecin there are also remains of castles from later times when the Piast princes had their own states (just like the Germans for several hundred years). There are not that many of them, because when the Germans came to these lands, they ruthlessly destroyed all Polish heritage.

@Nacjo_Farmer

6 ай бұрын

@@tkitn01 Not to mention the fact that many place names, both cities and villages, have a Slavic etymology and its range reaches as far as the Elbe. Even the name Berlin is of Slavic origin...

Thank you so much for explaining this topic! People too often say that the Western Polish borders are completely fake. Love your channel 🇵🇱❤️🇵🇹

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Thanks! I think history definitely shows they are not.

@snowiePL

6 ай бұрын

So why are there Slavic district names in Berlin? Lol

@mateuszkajdan8912

6 ай бұрын

@@snowiePL Or the modern-day names of towns with Slavic origins, like Güstrow, Bützow, Grabow, Hagenow, Banzkow, etc. A remnant of the Polabian tribes living as far to the west as the river Elbe.

@baronbrummbar8691

6 ай бұрын

the issue is that all kinds of slavs moved in ........ ther is archilogical evidence of tutsic (germanic) setlement in belarus

@GreatPolishWingedHussars

5 ай бұрын

To use the term Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is wrong for two reasons! First reason! To use the term "Commonwealth" in the name of the state is nonsensical, as it suggests a kind of equality that did not exist! That was a Polish empire, which is why the term "Commonwealth" is wrong. This state was not a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians as the wrong term Commonwealth suggests. So the Rzeczpospolita was not a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. Because that was a Polish Empire and not a Polish Lithuanian Empire. Poles imperial ruling ethnic group completely dominated this state and all peoples of the empire. Lithuania was part of the Polish Empire in both periods of Polish history in the period of Polish Kingdom and Polish Rzeczpospolita and the Lithuanians were also mastered by the Poles in both periods. There was no equality whatsoever, as the misnomer "Commonwealth" would suggest. Polish wealth was always decisive. So if anything then Polishwealth and not Commonwealth. The state took over the Polish constitution Nihil Novi in 1505 and not a Lithuanian constitution. This constitution of 1505 was the actual founding of the Rzeczpospolita as a Polish noble republican democracy. Determined by the Polish Parliament Sejm! That the Poles dominated the state is also clearly shown by the Polish name Rzeczpospolita of that state. It was revolutionary at that time, because 10%-15% of the population, which was the Polish nobility at that time, had the power for the internal affairs of the state. In the rest of Europe, the proportion of the population of the nobility was 1% of the population and not 10-15% as in Poland. In the rest of Europe, with the exception of England and some Italian republics, ruled despotic monarchs. It is always wrong claimed that the Rzeczpospolita was founded with the Lublin Union in 1569. Because the Rzeczpospolita was actually established much earlier, with the revolutionary Polish constitution "Nihil Novi "passed by the Polish parliament in 1505 and applied to the entire Polish Empire which is why the Ruthenian and Lithuanian nobility got constitutional rights too. But a large part of the nobility ruling the empire with the king was Polish. Through this revolutionary constitution Nihil Novi, the Polish Empire became the Rzeczpospolita Nobles' Democracy! The Polish Empire was no longer called the Kingdom of Poland, but the most serene (most high) Rzeczpospolita Poland. The constitution was the primary element of the democratic governance in the Polish kingdom which granted Parliament extensive powers. The Parliament (Sejm) was a powerful political institution and the king could not pass most of laws without the approval of that body. But before the Polish Rzeczpospolita the Polish kingdom was an empire and as Rzeczpospolita Poland continued to be an empire! A Polish republic which was amazingly nevertheless a monarchy with a king elected by the nobility! This incorrect translation actually also falsifies historical reality by adding "Polish- Lithuanian" before the wrong term "Commonwealth"". But such a term as a state name, which would be in Polish "polsko-litewska Rzeczpospolita" (English Polish-Lithuanian Republic), never existed and such a term was never used. So also the use of "Polish-Lithuanian" in this name falsifies historical reality, because also through this term arises the fallacy that this state was a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. But the Rzeczpospolita was not a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. Even the Polish Kingdom before that was not such legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. There was also no Polish-Lithuanian kingdom and therefore such a term was not used. The Grand Duchy was of course mastered by the Kingdom and not the other way around. So the Polish kingdom mastered the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as well as other territories. Because that was a Polish Empire and not a Polish Lithuanian Empire. Poles dominated all peoples of the empire and the entire state. Because the Poles were the imperial ruling ethnic group. There was no equality whatsoever as the wrong term "common wealth" suggests. The purpose of this state was not the common wealth of Poles and Lithuanians, but Polish wealth. The smart Polanders only feigned equality for the Lithuanians for a while, until they secured power throughout the Empire. The state was never called "polsko-litewska Rzeczpospolita" meaning Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in English. NEVER! But unfortunately this wrong name and wrong translation with the historically wrong addition of Polish-Lithuanian is used by historians worldwide, although it is actually complete nonsense. The second reason why the term "Commonwealth" is wrong is the fact that "Commonwealth" is a mistranslation of the Polish term Rzeczpospolita. So this term is wrong because the term Polish-Lithuanian "Commonwealth" is a modern, nonsensical invention by 20th century historians which is based on a wrong translation that does not correspond to reality. This state was never called Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. NEVER! Used in international treaties and diplomacy, the state has been called the most serene ( most high) Rzeczpospolita Poland. Its residents simply referred it in the everyday language as Rzeczpospolita or Poland occasionally also the crown. The correct translation for Rzeczpospolita is Republic and certainly not Commonwealth. In other languages ​​it is also correctly translated as a republic, but in English it is always translated incorrectly as Commonwealth and not correctly republic. The wrong translation is used again and again. But even today, is the official Polish name is Rzeczpospolita Polska. Lithuania doesn't call itself that way. Because in reality, Poland was the Rzeczpospolita in earlier times and is that still today! Would one call Poland today Commonwealth because Poland is now Rzeczpospolita (Republic)? Of course not, because it is wrong today as it was wrong in the past to call this Polish state Commonwealth! Today Rzeczpospolita Polska is also correctly translated in English as the Republic of Poland and not wrong Commonwealth Poland! Why is that then wrongly translated with Commonwealth for the earlier times. Actually absurd! Incidentally, the first documented with the use of the term Rzeczpospolit as a designation of the Polish state can be found in Maćka Borkowica's act of allegiance, for the Polish king Kazimierz the Great on 16. February 1358 in the town of Sieradz. At that time Lithuania was not yet united with Poland at all! So a Polish term for Poland! By the way, this Polish state of the 17th and 18th century is generally referred to in Poland as the 1st Polska Rzeczpospolita. Then in Polish, the 2nd Polska Rzeczpospolita is called the Polish Republic between the wars. The 3rd Polska Rzeczpospolita is then the republic for the Poles from 1989 after the liberation from the soviet occupation. The by the communist henchmen so-called Polish People's Republic (in Polish Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa) to which Poland was forced by the Soviets, is not recognized by the Poles as a Polish Rzeczpospolita and therefore there are 3 Rzeczpospolitas and not 4. This republic is not called in Poland Polish Lithuanian Rzeczpospolita but only Polish Rzeczpospolita (republic). Because that was above all a Polish state and a Polish empire! Before that it was also a Polish Kingdom and Empire! By the way, this term Commonwealth is not the only one that was invented later to name an empire differently than it was actually called! For example, the term "Byzantine Empire" was invented after the end of the empire. The Empire was not called that way by the citizens and the government. The historically correct names for this state would be Poland, Polish Kingdom or after the founding of the Republic the Rzeczpospolita. The term Rzeczpospolita seems difficult to pronounce for non-Poles. But that is not the case at all. With a little practice, anyone can pronounce the term correctly. A little help: Rz is pronounced like the "isi" in vision. So virzon sounds like vision. Cz sounds like the "ch" in church. So Czurcz sounds like church. But if one just use "sh" instead of "rz", that sounds close to Polish. "Ch" can be used instead of "cz". With these clues, everyone can probably read the term Rzeczpospolita. The Anglicized term Shechpospolita could also be used as an alternative. So Shechpospolita would be written in English, which could be pronounced without problems. So there is no reason not to use this correct term Rzeczpospolita or Shechpospolita. By the way, the Polish Empire could also be used as an alternative to Rzeczpospolita for this state if one wants to use a modern term. Because that was a Polish Empire and not a Polish Lithuanian Empire. Because the Poles completely dominated this state and were the rulers. In summary, one can say that it is just a wrong translation and the false claim about equality and equal status of Poland and Lithuania that didn't exist! Because that was a Polish empire controlled by Poles

Hey big thanks for bringing the topic of Poland to Your channel! Much appreciated! The history and geography of Poland is indeed super fascinating and interesting!

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Thanks for watching!

@GreatPolishWingedHussars

6 ай бұрын

But many mistakes were made! So it is a big mistake to claim that Gdansk allegedly belonged to Poland after the First World War! Time: 15:52! But that's definitely not the only mistake in this video! Because there was also the mistake of not mentioning that Poland lost the war against the Germans in 1939 because of the betrayal of the Polish allies. The British and French declaration of war 1939 against Germany served only for saving face. The British and French had no intention of honoring their treaty obligation under the treaty of alliance and launching a massive attack in the west. They wanted to sacrifice Poland for peace with the Germans! This was the continuation of British and French foolish appeasement politics of the 30s! By the way, if British and French had massive attacked the Germans in the West, the Germans would have lost the war because they were not prepared for a two-fronts war! So unfortunately like so many KZread videos about Polish history, this video is also full of errors! When countries are discussed in this way, it is actually customary to show the territorial peaks of this country. One of the spikes is even shown correctly in the video with the first Polish kingdom with King Bolesław I the Brave when Poland becamean empire for the first time for a short time! Because King Bolesław I mastered in addition to the Polish territories, also Bohemia and Moravia (today Czechia), Pozsony (today Slovakia) Meissen, Lusatia (parts of today's East Germany) and Kievan Rus'. But Kievan Rus' is incorrectly called in the video Russia, but in reality it was Kievan Rus' so the area of ​​today's Ukraine, Belarus and today's Russian area between the cities of Novgorod and Kotlas including Karelia. But in the video, Poland is not called an empire at the time, just as it will not be called an empire later. In this video Lithuania is also incorrectly referred to as a kingdom in the video! Time: 10:54. Lithuania was only a grand duchy and Poland was the kingdom! As this is falsely stated in the video, it is also not stated that Lithuania was part of the Polish Empire and it is also not stated that de facto Poland became an empire again with the Union of Krewo in 1385. Lithuania became part of the Polish dominion with this union, which is not mentioned at all in this video like it is also not mentioned the name of this very important union for Polish history. The video also gives the completely wrong impression as to whether Lithuania was not part of the Polish dominion and so part of the Polish empire. Absurdly, Lithuania is even called as only an ally of Poland, which completely contradicts historical reality. It is pretended that the Polish king only became ruler of Lithuania with the Union of Lublin in 1569 and not, as is historically correct, that the Polish kings had been rulers of Lithuania since 1385 as Grand Dukes of Lithuania. The Union of Lublin in 1569 was actually the end point of the Polonization of Liatuen! The Rzeczpospolita, misnamed as Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which was part of the Polish name of the Polish Empire, which was fully in Polish "Rzeczpospolita Polska", is accompanied by the Latin "res publica". It is also always falsely claimed that the Polish Rzeczpospolita was founded with the Union of Lublin in 1569, because in reality the Poles founded the Rzeczpospolita with the revolutionary Constitution Nihil Novi from 1505. That was the first democratic constitution ever. With this revolutionary constitution Nihil Novi Poland had become an aristocratic republic and nobles' democracy. The Lithuanian and Ruthenian nobility, who were already largely Polonized, had the same rights as the Polish nobility by this constitution. It was a limited democracy, but still, in comparison to the completely despotically governed other European countries with the exception of England and some Italian republics, it is an enormous Polish advance. So the Rzeczpospolita was never intended as a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. The Poles still dominated the state as before. The completely absurd name "Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth", based on a wrong translation, is also used for the Polish "Rzeczpospolita", which unfortunately is not only done wrong in this video. But I will explain this incorrect term later. It is a historical fact that since the Treaty of the Union of Krewo in 1385 there was a de jure and de facto Polish-Lithuanian personal union with the Polish king as the sovereign. According to this definition was Poland an empire in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries! This already proves the enormous size of the Polish territory at this time compared to other European countries that the Polish king and the Polish parliament ruled. The Poles were also the political and military dominant ethnic group of this Empire. So the Poles were the imperial ruling ethnic group! The Poles ruled not only the Lithuanians but also variousother peoples and there were 9 different religious groups in the Polish Empire.(Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, Eastern Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic Orthodox, Jews, Russian Old Believers and Mennonites.) So it was a Polish empire, because the Poles were the nation in power. The Poles ruled the other peoples and partially assimilated them. Lithuanians and other peoples were Polonized in the Polish Empire. Only one nation was relevant in this empire and that was the Poles. In fact, Poland was the only empire in Europe for 100 years in the entire 15th century! Lithuanians as well Ruthenians the ancestors of the Belarusians and Ukrainians like various other peoples were mastered by the Poles. It was a Polish empire, because the Poles were the nation in power. The Poles ruled the other peoples and partially assimilated them. That is why the Lithuanians were almost completely Polonized. The enormous polonization of Lithuania also illustrates the Polish power over Lithuania. The Polonization of the Lithuanian nobility progressed rapidly as early as the 15th century starting with the that in total 47 selected Lithuanian nobles were adopted by Polish nobles heraldic families and granted Polish coats of arm. The names of these Lithuanian nobles were also Polonized. This gesture signified their desire to adopt Polish customs and integrate into Polish society. This was also part of Poland's significantly increased Polonization of Lithuania. It was simply worth becoming a Pole, because Poles were in power in the state. In any case, the Polonization happened voluntarily. The assimilation of the Lithuanians was favored by several factors. One of the most important factors was the cultural superiority of the Poles. The Polonized Lithuanian nobility sent their sons to Poland for education. By the way, the oldest university in Lithuania is the University of Vilnius, which was founded in 1579 by the Polish king. The oldest university in Poland is the Jagiellonian University of Karaków founded in 1364 by the polish King Casimir III the Great and by the way, this ist one of the oldest universities in continuous operation in the world. By the way, the official and written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania before being taken over by Poland was not the Lithuanian language, which only became a written language in the 16th century, but Ruthenian, an early form of today's Belarusian and Ukrainian languages. Before being taken over by Poland in 1385, the East Slavic language Ruthenian, as most common language, was used as the written language, not Lithuanian. Besides that after Lithuania became part of the Polish Empire in 1385 everywhere the upper class spoke Polish. Only the peasants spoke Lithuanian! In any case, due to the cultural superiority of the Poles, the assimilation was greatly accelerated. This is how more and more Lithuanians want to be Poles! It was simply worth becoming a Pole and being part of the dominant ethnic group. It was worth being assimilated by the Poles! Most of Lithuanian nobility were Polonized and spoke Polish. The nobility was a role model for the rest of the population and that is why more and more non-nobles spoke Polish. In addition, it was simply worth becoming a Pole, because Poles were in power in the state. The result of this Polishization was that in the end only 4% in the former lithuanian capital spoke Lithuanian and the overwhelming majority spoke Polish. This is a historical fact. So due to the Polishization of Lithuanians, this city became a Polish city. This city is symbolic for all of Lithuania and Lithuanians. Because the city was Polonized like a large part of Lithuania and the Lithuanian population. Unfortunately, after World War II, the overwhelming majority of the Polish urban population was expelled from Wilno city by the Soviets. Poles were also murdered. The Lithuanians assisted the Soviets in this action against the Polish population of Wilno! However, all these facts make it clear that Lithuania has been part of the Polish Empire since the Union of Krewo in 1385. Of course, it is not mentioned in the video that Poland suffered such an extreme population loss because of the Swedish massacres of the civilian population. Those who attacked Poles were completely insane. A Polish chronicler reported that in their madness they even wanted to kill the stones. It is also not clearly stated who destroyed the cities and churches etc. listed. Those were the SWEDEN! In the next comment below I will explain why the name Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is wrong!

@GreatPolishWingedHussars

6 ай бұрын

To use the term Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is wrong for two reasons! First reason! To use the term "Commonwealth" in the name of the state is nonsensical, as it suggests a kind of equality that did not exist! That was a Polish empire, which is why the term "Commonwealth" is wrong. This state was not a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians as the wrong term Commonwealth suggests. So the Rzeczpospolita was not a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. Because that was a Polish Empire and not a Polish Lithuanian Empire. Poles imperial ruling ethnic group completely dominated this state and all peoples of the empire. Lithuania was part of the Polish Empire in both periods of Polish history in the period of Polish Kingdom and Polish Rzeczpospolita and the Lithuanians were also mastered by the Poles in both periods. There was no equality whatsoever, as the misnomer "Commonwealth" would suggest. Polish wealth was always decisive. So if anything then Polishwealth and not Commonwealth. The state took over the Polish constitution Nihil Novi in 1505 and not a Lithuanian constitution. This constitution of 1505 was the actual founding of the Rzeczpospolita as a Polish noble republican democracy. Determined by the Polish Parliament Sejm! That the Poles dominated the state is also clearly shown by the Polish name Rzeczpospolita of that state. It was revolutionary at that time, because 10%-15% of the population, which was the Polish nobility at that time, had the power for the internal affairs of the state. In the rest of Europe, the proportion of the population of the nobility was 1% of the population and not 10-15% as in Poland. In the rest of Europe, with the exception of England and some Italian republics, ruled despotic monarchs. It is always wrong claimed that the Rzeczpospolita was founded with the Lublin Union in 1569. Because the Rzeczpospolita was actually established much earlier, with the revolutionary Polish constitution "Nihil Novi "passed by the Polish parliament in 1505 and applied to the entire Polish Empire which is why the Ruthenian and Lithuanian nobility got constitutional rights too. But a large part of the nobility ruling the empire with the king was Polish. Through this revolutionary constitution Nihil Novi, the Polish Empire became the Rzeczpospolita Nobles' Democracy! The Polish Empire was no longer called the Kingdom of Poland, but the most serene (most high) Rzeczpospolita Poland. The constitution was the primary element of the democratic governance in the Polish kingdom which granted Parliament extensive powers. The Parliament (Sejm) was a powerful political institution and the king could not pass most of laws without the approval of that body. But before the Polish Rzeczpospolita the Polish kingdom was an empire and as Rzeczpospolita Poland continued to be an empire! A Polish republic which was amazingly nevertheless a monarchy with a king elected by the nobility! This incorrect translation actually also falsifies historical reality by adding "Polish- Lithuanian" before the wrong term "Commonwealth"". But such a term as a state name, which would be in Polish "polsko-litewska Rzeczpospolita" (English Polish-Lithuanian Republic), never existed and such a term was never used. So also the use of "Polish-Lithuanian" in this name falsifies historical reality, because also through this term arises the fallacy that this state was a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. But the Rzeczpospolita was not a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. Even the Polish Kingdom before that was not such legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. There was also no Polish-Lithuanian kingdom and therefore such a term was not used. The Grand Duchy was of course mastered by the Kingdom and not the other way around. So the Polish kingdom mastered the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as well as other territories. Because that was a Polish Empire and not a Polish Lithuanian Empire. Poles dominated all peoples of the empire and the entire state. Because the Poles were the imperial ruling ethnic group. There was no equality whatsoever as the wrong term "common wealth" suggests. The purpose of this state was not the common wealth of Poles and Lithuanians, but Polish wealth. The smart Polanders only feigned equality for the Lithuanians for a while, until they secured power throughout the Empire. The state was never called "polsko-litewska Rzeczpospolita" meaning Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in English. NEVER! But unfortunately this wrong name and wrong translation with the historically wrong addition of Polish-Lithuanian is used by historians worldwide, although it is actually complete nonsense. The second reason why the term "Commonwealth" is wrong is the fact that "Commonwealth" is a mistranslation of the Polish term Rzeczpospolita. So this term is wrong because the term Polish-Lithuanian "Commonwealth" is a modern, nonsensical invention by 20th century historians which is based on a wrong translation that does not correspond to reality. This state was never called Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. NEVER! Used in international treaties and diplomacy, the state has been called the most serene ( most high) Rzeczpospolita Poland. Its residents simply referred it in the everyday language as Rzeczpospolita or Poland occasionally also the crown. The correct translation for Rzeczpospolita is Republic and certainly not Commonwealth. In other languages ​​it is also correctly translated as a republic, but in English it is always translated incorrectly as Commonwealth and not correctly republic. The wrong translation is used again and again. But even today, is the official Polish name is Rzeczpospolita Polska. Lithuania doesn't call itself that way. Because in reality, Poland was the Rzeczpospolita in earlier times and is that still today! Would one call Poland today Commonwealth because Poland is now Rzeczpospolita (Republic)? Of course not, because it is wrong today as it was wrong in the past to call this Polish state Commonwealth! Today Rzeczpospolita Polska is also correctly translated in English as the Republic of Poland and not wrong Commonwealth Poland! Why is that then wrongly translated with Commonwealth for the earlier times. Actually absurd! Incidentally, the first documented with the use of the term Rzeczpospolit as a designation of the Polish state can be found in Maćka Borkowica's act of allegiance, for the Polish king Kazimierz the Great on 16. February 1358 in the town of Sieradz. At that time Lithuania was not yet united with Poland at all! So a Polish term for Poland! By the way, this Polish state of the 17th and 18th century is generally referred to in Poland as the 1st Polska Rzeczpospolita. Then in Polish, the 2nd Polska Rzeczpospolita is called the Polish Republic between the wars. The 3rd Polska Rzeczpospolita is then the republic for the Poles from 1989 after the liberation from the soviet occupation. The by the communist henchmen so-called Polish People's Republic (in Polish Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa) to which Poland was forced by the Soviets, is not recognized by the Poles as a Polish Rzeczpospolita and therefore there are 3 Rzeczpospolitas and not 4. This republic is not called in Poland Polish Lithuanian Rzeczpospolita but only Polish Rzeczpospolita (republic). Because that was above all a Polish state and a Polish empire! Before that it was also a Polish Kingdom and Empire! By the way, this term Commonwealth is not the only one that was invented later to name an empire differently than it was actually called! For example, the term "Byzantine Empire" was invented after the end of the empire. The Empire was not called that way by the citizens and the government. The historically correct names for this state would be Poland, Polish Kingdom or after the founding of the Republic the Rzeczpospolita. The term Rzeczpospolita seems difficult to pronounce for non-Poles. But that is not the case at all. With a little practice, anyone can pronounce the term correctly. A little help: Rz is pronounced like the "isi" in vision. So virzon sounds like vision. Cz sounds like the "ch" in church. So Czurcz sounds like church. But if one just use "sh" instead of "rz", that sounds close to Polish. "Ch" can be used instead of "cz". With these clues, everyone can probably read the term Rzeczpospolita. The Anglicized term Shechpospolita could also be used as an alternative. So Shechpospolita would be written in English, which could be pronounced without problems. So there is no reason not to use this correct term Rzeczpospolita or Shechpospolita. By the way, the Polish Empire could also be used as an alternative to Rzeczpospolita for this state if one wants to use a modern term. Because that was a Polish Empire and not a Polish Lithuanian Empire. Because the Poles completely dominated this state and were the rulers. In summary, one can say that it is just a wrong translation and the false claim about equality and equal status of Poland and Lithuania that didn't exist! Because that was a Polish empire controlled by Poles.

@seboho6938

6 ай бұрын

​@@GreatPolishWingedHussarsJesteś psychicznie chory. Udaj się do specjalisty i poddaj terapii

@GreatPolishWingedHussars

6 ай бұрын

@@seboho6938 What pathetic behavior. Instead of arguing, a ridiculous attempt to insult. This absurd attempt to insult is probably intended to hide the fact that you have no counterarguments. It's also completely grotesque and ridiculous to try to insult someone with a KZread comment. As if such nonsense would affect me.

One thing you did wrong about Bolesław I "The Brave" He continued his father's policy of maintaining good relationship with HRE. But the new crowned HRE emperor didn't want to hear about Poland being a partner for Germany he wanted a vassal. Then he organized a plot where in Saxony Bolesław was about to be assasinated and thanks to his Saxon nobles friends he survived and made war with Germany ( Which he(Bolesław) won BTW )

@Chuck-xu8rc

6 ай бұрын

a couple things to remember tho: 1. the assassination being ordered by henry II is still under speculation (but very likely) 2. there were 3 separate wars, but poland was victorious in the end yes 3. prior to these events boleslaw used the opportunity created by chaos in the hre to annex lusatia, he had dubious dynastic claims to the region and wanted to use it as leverage in negotiations with the new emperor

A lot of these regions you had trouble pronouncing have also English names. For example Milsko i Łużyce are Milcenia and Lusatia in English. Grody Czerwińskie are Cherven Cities/Towns. It's unfortunate that none of the more precise maps of Poland at that time are in English

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

This would have been good to know before I butchered the original names ahaha

Thank you for this excellent video! I was wondering about the territorial history of Poland for some time. Good to see this handeld in depth.

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Thanks! :)

@yarzyn_5699

6 ай бұрын

Unfortunately, its full of errors and oversimplifications.

We just want to say that Jadwiga was crowned King and wore the title of King for the rest of her life.

Could you do a episode on the geographical evolution of the Black Death plus the 17th century bubonic plague

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Sure!

18:35 - No, during this period (1949-1989) the Polish border was change. Except from small border adjustments, in 1951 Poland gave the USSR a large piece of the Lubelszczyzna in exchange for lands in the Bieszczady Mountains.

@seboho6938

6 ай бұрын

Nic nie oddaliśmy,bo Stalin brał co chciał,a rząd komunistyczny,w rzeczywistości agentura moskiewska na wszystko się zgadzał.

@aleksanderkorecki7887

6 ай бұрын

"Voluntary" exchange.

It is clearly visible that today's borders coincide almost identically with the borders of the first Polish state. An interesting fact is that today's capital of Germany, Berlin was subject to Poland in the 12th century. Besides, Berlin was founded (as "Kopanica" or "Kopenick") by... Polabian Slavs. :)

@sebe2255

6 ай бұрын

It is clearly visible, and also pretty much a coincidence lmao

@plrc4593

6 ай бұрын

It wasn't subject, but 1. Was even closer to Polish border, because entire Lubusz Land belonged to Poland (today only half of it) 2. It had been inhabited by slavic people.

@bubbletea695

6 ай бұрын

​@@sebe2255I'm pretty sure when after ww2 the western powers forced germany to give up it's Eastern territories to poland, the boundaries were based on the borders of the 1st state.

@sebe2255

6 ай бұрын

@@bubbletea695 The West didn’t even force Germany to give up Eastern lands. It was Stalin who seized half of what was formerly eastern Poland that caused them to lose lands east of the Oder. But I am also fairly sure they didn’t really care about any historical claims and just went with the river (except for Stettin because Staling apparently felt Poland needed one more port) Not like Stalin was a Polish irredentist nationalist

I really appreciate the effort with pronouncing polish names. Great video!

Thank you for this video, you did great job. Pretty sure now many people around the world thanks to you can learn more about Polish history.

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Thank you! Poland has a really interesting history so it's something I definitely want to look further into.

@GreatPolishWingedHussars

5 ай бұрын

It is a big mistake to claim that Gdansk allegedly belonged to Poland after the First World War! Time: 15:52! But that's definitely not the only mistake in this video! Because there was also the mistake of not mentioning that Poland lost the war against the Germans in 1939 because of the betrayal of the Polish allies. The British and French declaration of war 1939 against Germany served only for saving face. The British and French had no intention of honoring their treaty obligation under the treaty of alliance and launching a massive attack in the west. They wanted to sacrifice Poland for peace with the Germans! This was the continuation of British and French foolish appeasement politics of the 30s! By the way, if British and French had massive attacked the Germans in the West, the Germans would have lost the war because they were not prepared for a two-fronts war! So unfortunately like so many KZread videos about Polish history, this video is also full of errors! When countries are discussed in this way, it is actually customary to show the territorial peaks of this country. One of the spikes is even shown correctly in the video with the first Polish kingdom with King Bolesław I the Brave when Poland becamean empire for the first time for a short time! Because King Bolesław I mastered in addition to the Polish territories, also Bohemia and Moravia (today Czechia), Pozsony (today Slovakia) Meissen, Lusatia (parts of today's East Germany) and Kievan Rus'. But Kievan Rus' is incorrectly called in the video Russia, but in reality it was Kievan Rus' so the area of ​​today's Ukraine, Belarus and today's Russian area between the cities of Novgorod and Kotlas including Karelia. But in the video, Poland is not called an empire at the time, just as it will not be called an empire later. In this video Lithuania is also incorrectly referred to as a kingdom in the video! Time: 10:54. Lithuania was only a grand duchy and Poland was the kingdom! As this is falsely stated in the video, it is also not stated that Lithuania was part of the Polish Empire and it is also not stated that de facto Poland became an empire again with the Union of Krewo in 1385. Lithuania became part of the Polish dominion with this union, which is not mentioned at all in this video like it is also not mentioned the name of this very important union for Polish history. The video also gives the completely wrong impression as to whether Lithuania was not part of the Polish dominion and so part of the Polish empire. Absurdly, Lithuania is even called as only an ally of Poland, which completely contradicts historical reality. It is pretended that the Polish king only became ruler of Lithuania with the Union of Lublin in 1569 and not, as is historically correct, that the Polish kings had been rulers of Lithuania since 1385 as Grand Dukes of Lithuania. The Union of Lublin in 1569 was actually the end point of the Polonization of Liatuen! The Rzeczpospolita, misnamed as Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which was part of the Polish name of the Polish Empire, which was fully in Polish "Rzeczpospolita Polska", is accompanied by the Latin "res publica". It is also always falsely claimed that the Polish Rzeczpospolita was founded with the Union of Lublin in 1569, because in reality the Poles founded the Rzeczpospolita with the revolutionary Constitution Nihil Novi from 1505. That was the first democratic constitution ever. With this revolutionary constitution Nihil Novi Poland had become an aristocratic republic and nobles' democracy. The Lithuanian and Ruthenian nobility, who were already largely Polonized, had the same rights as the Polish nobility by this constitution. It was a limited democracy, but still, in comparison to the completely despotically governed other European countries with the exception of England and some Italian republics, it is an enormous Polish advance. So the Rzeczpospolita was never intended as a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. The Poles still dominated the state as before. The completely absurd name "Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth", based on a wrong translation, is also used for the Polish "Rzeczpospolita", which unfortunately is not only done wrong in this video. But I will explain this incorrect term later. It is a historical fact that since the Treaty of the Union of Krewo in 1385 there was a de jure and de facto Polish-Lithuanian personal union with the Polish king as the sovereign. According to this definition was Poland an empire in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries! This already proves the enormous size of the Polish territory at this time compared to other European countries that the Polish king and the Polish parliament ruled. The Poles were also the political and military dominant ethnic group of this Empire. So the Poles were the imperial ruling ethnic group! The Poles ruled not only the Lithuanians but also variousother peoples and there were 9 different religious groups in the Polish Empire.(Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, Eastern Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic Orthodox, Jews, Russian Old Believers and Mennonites.) So it was a Polish empire, because the Poles were the nation in power. The Poles ruled the other peoples and partially assimilated them. Lithuanians and other peoples were Polonized in the Polish Empire. Only one nation was relevant in this empire and that was the Poles. In fact, Poland was the only empire in Europe for 100 years in the entire 15th century! Lithuanians as well Ruthenians the ancestors of the Belarusians and Ukrainians like various other peoples were mastered by the Poles. It was a Polish empire, because the Poles were the nation in power. The Poles ruled the other peoples and partially assimilated them. That is why the Lithuanians were almost completely Polonized. The enormous polonization of Lithuania also illustrates the Polish power over Lithuania. The Polonization of the Lithuanian nobility progressed rapidly as early as the 15th century starting with the that in total 47 selected Lithuanian nobles were adopted by Polish nobles heraldic families and granted Polish coats of arm. The names of these Lithuanian nobles were also Polonized. This gesture signified their desire to adopt Polish customs and integrate into Polish society. This was also part of Poland's significantly increased Polonization of Lithuania. It was simply worth becoming a Pole, because Poles were in power in the state. In any case, the Polonization happened voluntarily. The assimilation of the Lithuanians was favored by several factors. One of the most important factors was the cultural superiority of the Poles. The Polonized Lithuanian nobility sent their sons to Poland for education. By the way, the oldest university in Lithuania is the University of Vilnius, which was founded in 1579 by the Polish king. The oldest university in Poland is the Jagiellonian University of Karaków founded in 1364 by the polish King Casimir III the Great and by the way, this ist one of the oldest universities in continuous operation in the world. By the way, the official and written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania before being taken over by Poland was not the Lithuanian language, which only became a written language in the 16th century, but Ruthenian, an early form of today's Belarusian and Ukrainian languages. Before being taken over by Poland in 1385, the East Slavic language Ruthenian, as most common language, was used as the written language, not Lithuanian. Besides that after Lithuania became part of the Polish Empire in 1385 everywhere the upper class spoke Polish. Only the peasants spoke Lithuanian! In any case, due to the cultural superiority of the Poles, the assimilation was greatly accelerated. This is how more and more Lithuanians want to be Poles! It was simply worth becoming a Pole and being part of the dominant ethnic group. It was worth being assimilated by the Poles! Most of Lithuanian nobility were Polonized and spoke Polish. The nobility was a role model for the rest of the population and that is why more and more non-nobles spoke Polish. In addition, it was simply worth becoming a Pole, because Poles were in power in the state. The result of this Polishization was that in the end only 4% in the former lithuanian capital spoke Lithuanian and the overwhelming majority spoke Polish. This is a historical fact. So due to the Polishization of Lithuanians, this city became a Polish city. This city is symbolic for all of Lithuania and Lithuanians. Because the city was Polonized like a large part of Lithuania and the Lithuanian population. Unfortunately, after World War II, the overwhelming majority of the Polish urban population was expelled from Wilno city by the Soviets. Poles were also murdered. The Lithuanians assisted the Soviets in this action against the Polish population of Wilno! However, all these facts make it clear that Lithuania has been part of the Polish Empire since the Union of Krewo in 1385. Of course, it is not mentioned in the video that Poland suffered such an extreme population loss because of the Swedish massacres of the civilian population. Those who attacked Poles were completely insane. A Polish chronicler reported that in their madness they even wanted to kill the stones. It is also not clearly stated who destroyed the cities and churches etc. listed. Those were the SWEDEN! In the next comment below I will explain why the name Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is wrong

@GreatPolishWingedHussars

5 ай бұрын

To use the term Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is wrong for two reasons! First reason! To use the term "Commonwealth" in the name of the state is nonsensical, as it suggests a kind of equality that did not exist! That was a Polish empire, which is why the term "Commonwealth" is wrong. This state was not a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians as the wrong term Commonwealth suggests. So the Rzeczpospolita was not a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. Because that was a Polish Empire and not a Polish Lithuanian Empire. Poles imperial ruling ethnic group completely dominated this state and all peoples of the empire. Lithuania was part of the Polish Empire in both periods of Polish history in the period of Polish Kingdom and Polish Rzeczpospolita and the Lithuanians were also mastered by the Poles in both periods. There was no equality whatsoever, as the misnomer "Commonwealth" would suggest. Polish wealth was always decisive. So if anything then Polishwealth and not Commonwealth. The state took over the Polish constitution Nihil Novi in 1505 and not a Lithuanian constitution. This constitution of 1505 was the actual founding of the Rzeczpospolita as a Polish noble republican democracy. Determined by the Polish Parliament Sejm! That the Poles dominated the state is also clearly shown by the Polish name Rzeczpospolita of that state. It was revolutionary at that time, because 10%-15% of the population, which was the Polish nobility at that time, had the power for the internal affairs of the state. In the rest of Europe, the proportion of the population of the nobility was 1% of the population and not 10-15% as in Poland. In the rest of Europe, with the exception of England and some Italian republics, ruled despotic monarchs. It is always wrong claimed that the Rzeczpospolita was founded with the Lublin Union in 1569. Because the Rzeczpospolita was actually established much earlier, with the revolutionary Polish constitution "Nihil Novi "passed by the Polish parliament in 1505 and applied to the entire Polish Empire which is why the Ruthenian and Lithuanian nobility got constitutional rights too. But a large part of the nobility ruling the empire with the king was Polish. Through this revolutionary constitution Nihil Novi, the Polish Empire became the Rzeczpospolita Nobles' Democracy! The Polish Empire was no longer called the Kingdom of Poland, but the most serene (most high) Rzeczpospolita Poland. The constitution was the primary element of the democratic governance in the Polish kingdom which granted Parliament extensive powers. The Parliament (Sejm) was a powerful political institution and the king could not pass most of laws without the approval of that body. But before the Polish Rzeczpospolita the Polish kingdom was an empire and as Rzeczpospolita Poland continued to be an empire! A Polish republic which was amazingly nevertheless a monarchy with a king elected by the nobility! This incorrect translation actually also falsifies historical reality by adding "Polish- Lithuanian" before the wrong term "Commonwealth"". But such a term as a state name, which would be in Polish "polsko-litewska Rzeczpospolita" (English Polish-Lithuanian Republic), never existed and such a term was never used. So also the use of "Polish-Lithuanian" in this name falsifies historical reality, because also through this term arises the fallacy that this state was a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. But the Rzeczpospolita was not a kind of legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. Even the Polish Kingdom before that was not such legal basis for the equality and equal status of Poles and Lithuanians. There was also no Polish-Lithuanian kingdom and therefore such a term was not used. The Grand Duchy was of course mastered by the Kingdom and not the other way around. So the Polish kingdom mastered the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as well as other territories. Because that was a Polish Empire and not a Polish Lithuanian Empire. Poles dominated all peoples of the empire and the entire state. Because the Poles were the imperial ruling ethnic group. There was no equality whatsoever as the wrong term "common wealth" suggests. The purpose of this state was not the common wealth of Poles and Lithuanians, but Polish wealth. The smart Polanders only feigned equality for the Lithuanians for a while, until they secured power throughout the Empire. The state was never called "polsko-litewska Rzeczpospolita" meaning Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in English. NEVER! But unfortunately this wrong name and wrong translation with the historically wrong addition of Polish-Lithuanian is used by historians worldwide, although it is actually complete nonsense. The second reason why the term "Commonwealth" is wrong is the fact that "Commonwealth" is a mistranslation of the Polish term Rzeczpospolita. So this term is wrong because the term Polish-Lithuanian "Commonwealth" is a modern, nonsensical invention by 20th century historians which is based on a wrong translation that does not correspond to reality. This state was never called Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. NEVER! Used in international treaties and diplomacy, the state has been called the most serene ( most high) Rzeczpospolita Poland. Its residents simply referred it in the everyday language as Rzeczpospolita or Poland occasionally also the crown. The correct translation for Rzeczpospolita is Republic and certainly not Commonwealth. In other languages ​​it is also correctly translated as a republic, but in English it is always translated incorrectly as Commonwealth and not correctly republic. The wrong translation is used again and again. But even today, is the official Polish name is Rzeczpospolita Polska. Lithuania doesn't call itself that way. Because in reality, Poland was the Rzeczpospolita in earlier times and is that still today! Would one call Poland today Commonwealth because Poland is now Rzeczpospolita (Republic)? Of course not, because it is wrong today as it was wrong in the past to call this Polish state Commonwealth! Today Rzeczpospolita Polska is also correctly translated in English as the Republic of Poland and not wrong Commonwealth Poland! Why is that then wrongly translated with Commonwealth for the earlier times. Actually absurd! Incidentally, the first documented with the use of the term Rzeczpospolit as a designation of the Polish state can be found in Maćka Borkowica's act of allegiance, for the Polish king Kazimierz the Great on 16. February 1358 in the town of Sieradz. At that time Lithuania was not yet united with Poland at all! So a Polish term for Poland! By the way, this Polish state of the 17th and 18th century is generally referred to in Poland as the 1st Polska Rzeczpospolita. Then in Polish, the 2nd Polska Rzeczpospolita is called the Polish Republic between the wars. The 3rd Polska Rzeczpospolita is then the republic for the Poles from 1989 after the liberation from the soviet occupation. The by the communist henchmen so-called Polish People's Republic (in Polish Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa) to which Poland was forced by the Soviets, is not recognized by the Poles as a Polish Rzeczpospolita and therefore there are 3 Rzeczpospolitas and not 4. This republic is not called in Poland Polish Lithuanian Rzeczpospolita but only Polish Rzeczpospolita (republic). Because that was above all a Polish state and a Polish empire! Before that it was also a Polish Kingdom and Empire! By the way, this term Commonwealth is not the only one that was invented later to name an empire differently than it was actually called! For example, the term "Byzantine Empire" was invented after the end of the empire. The Empire was not called that way by the citizens and the government. The historically correct names for this state would be Poland, Polish Kingdom or after the founding of the Republic the Rzeczpospolita. The term Rzeczpospolita seems difficult to pronounce for non-Poles. But that is not the case at all. With a little practice, anyone can pronounce the term correctly. A little help: Rz is pronounced like the "isi" in vision. So virzon sounds like vision. Cz sounds like the "ch" in church. So Czurcz sounds like church. But if one just use "sh" instead of "rz", that sounds close to Polish. "Ch" can be used instead of "cz". With these clues, everyone can probably read the term Rzeczpospolita. The Anglicized term Shechpospolita could also be used as an alternative. So Shechpospolita would be written in English, which could be pronounced without problems. So there is no reason not to use this correct term Rzeczpospolita or Shechpospolita. By the way, the Polish Empire could also be used as an alternative to Rzeczpospolita for this state if one wants to use a modern term. Because that was a Polish Empire and not a Polish Lithuanian Empire. Because the Poles completely dominated this state and were the rulers. In summary, one can say that it is just a wrong translation and the false claim about equality and equal status of Poland and Lithuania that didn't exist! Because that was a Polish empire controlled by Poles

Congrats was always looking to read about that but your video explained it very well.

CONGRATULATION brother, you did very well this such difficult topic ;-)

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Thank you! It was pretty complicated research, especially establishing the timeline and then finding the corresponding map information for every time period + the causes of the border / territory changes. I'm glad you liked it!

@zyghom

6 ай бұрын

@@General.Knowledge it is nice to hear my own story from the foreigner ;-) Truth be told: only Poles could really digest this video ;)

As a person who understood Polish, I can agree that today Poland looks normal

@luigi7720

6 ай бұрын

Todays poland is shit

12:20 The change took place because of the union. Lithuanian nobles didn't really want to make a real union (before the union of Lublin it was only personal union - the monarch united the countries) And so Zygmunt August got angry and annexed the southern territories in order to force Lithuanians into the union

@plrc4593

6 ай бұрын

It was good move. After destroying the Teutonic Order Poland didn't have any enemies any longer. Whereas Lithuania had many: Russia, Sweden, Tatars, Turks. Poland getting Ukraine took responsability for defending the south of the Union.

@milobem4458

6 ай бұрын

He wouldn't be able to annex it without consent from the local magnates. The Ruthenians were quite happy of the change (Lithuanians weren't obviously). Ruthenia was very underdeveloped and depopulated due to recurring Turkish and Tartar slaver raids. Polish nobility started moving in and bringing capital, technology and manpower that Lithuania lacked, to develop the country and boost it's defense. Only decades later the problems with Cossacks begun. They were used to the anarchy of borderlands. With the threat of Turks diminished, the rule of law and taxation was suddenly seen as tyranny of Polish colonisers.

I love your videos! Keep up the good work!

Amazing work!

Great video as always!

Very interesting! Keep it up!

That's how I ended up being of "German" decent but be from a village in Poland. When my branch of the family left, it was Lidenwerder, Prussia. It's now Lipa Gora, Poland, in the Pozen District.

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Interesting! Does your family consider itself German still, or did it fully embrace being Polish regardless of ancestry?

@seboho6938

6 ай бұрын

Niemcy wrócili do Niemiec,ale powinni być wdzięczni, że to w ogóle było im dane, zamiast rewanżu za ludobójstwo i wszelkie pozostałe krzywdy jakie z ich strony spotkały Polaków. Osobiście zgadzam się z ludźmi, którzy w 1945 optowali za "ostatecznym rozwiązaniem kwestii niemieckiej". To byłoby dla wszystkich lepsze.

@slawomirsadowski6965

6 ай бұрын

@@seboho6938 nie wszyscy Niemcy byli zbrodniarzami. Odpowiedzialność zbiorowa zawsze jest zła.

@seboho6938

6 ай бұрын

@@slawomirsadowski6965 Głupie gadanie. Pierdolety jak te z der Onet o bidulkach w okopach i Bożym Narodzeniu. Zabili ponad 6 milionów Polaków. Okradli nas,zniszczyli miasta i wsie. Gówno mnie to obchodzi,czy któryś był w porządku,skoro reszta nie. Po ostatniej wojnie światowej,powinno się Niemców wytłuc jak wszawicę.

@patriotaGHF

6 ай бұрын

After the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466, Prussia was part of the Polish crown.

Very interesting video again! I was really curious about the history of Poland and this video along some of the comments about really help to better understand it, I really admire Poland and the polish people and their strong will to resist, persist and exist! Long live Poland!! (And regards from Catalonia, the ones sometimes called the "Poles" of the Iberian Peninsula...).

@Lechoslaw8546

4 ай бұрын

It is very interesting why they called Catalonians Polaccos. What is the reason for that?

@jordi6795

4 ай бұрын

​@@Lechoslaw8546 not sure about the origin, but it may be simply that for some Spaniards, Catalonians might have sounded as strange and unknown to them as would any random language as Polish would be..., or could it be that both languages share similar phonetic sounds. I recall an experience I had once when at home doing the chores and had the TV on in the background and showing the Eurovision contest, and at a given moment, it seemed to me that I was hearing like singing in Catalan, like almost recognizing some of the lyrics but not entirely, like when you try to catch them but have to put attention..., so went to the TV and to my surprise it was the Polish contestant performing, what a surprise!, then I realized that the comparison might be from the phonetics. 👍

@Lechoslaw8546

4 ай бұрын

@@jordi6795 This is the same impression I got on several occasion traveling in a bus or a tram in America and hearing Portuguese/Brasilian conversation at a distant, I was almost sure the spoke Polish, but when i approached them closer being able to distinguish words it showed up they were not Polish. In my best understanding it might be a remainder of Suevi or Vandali migration to Iberian peninsula during ancient Roman Empire rule. Although most people thing these tribes spoke "old German",in fact the were Slavic speaking living in territory of present Poland, Germany or Czechia, for which there is numerous evidence as names of their rulers, kings and leaders. I live in Warsaw Poland.

Great video, you could also add that mazowsze(masovia) and pomorze(pomerania) many times disconnected from Poland when there was occasion

Great work again general knowledge

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Thank you!

A little known fact: contrary to claims of Poland before WW2 being unwilling to make any concessions in regards to the Free City of Danizg to Germany, in early 1939 the Polish government prepared a compromise partition proposal according to which Germany would've gotten two thirds of the Free City territory (eastern part) and the city of Danzig to be united with German East Prussia. Poland would've gotten one third of the Free City territory (western part) where the Poles would've been able to build a canal connecting Polish controlled Vistula river with the Baltic sea near Gdynia. This independent connection of Vistula to the Baltic sea was essential to the Polish economy at the time. Germany however was unwilling to make any compromises and after the German occupation of Czechia in March 1939 (betraying the 1938 Munich Agreement), the Poles cancelled this project as it was clear that A.H. did not honour any border or other international agreements.

@SageArdor

6 ай бұрын

Totalitarian dictator shows contempt for an agreement that does not serve their interests as a leader. Who would have guessed?

@sebe2255

6 ай бұрын

If you actually read the German proposal it extremely reasonable and fair. It specifies that Poland will keep access to Gdynia (by then a more important port to Poland than Danzig), had a clause for railway access and offered referendums to determine if various regions should be German or Polish. But yeah obviously Hitler couldn’t be trusted after what happened to the Czechs

@patriotaGHF

6 ай бұрын

@@sebe2255 Gdansk was Polish for much of its existence (600+ years). That's why it was a mistake that this city was declared a free city in 1920.

@patriotaGHF

6 ай бұрын

Pretty stupid of the former Polish government to divide up a Polish city in favor of the Germans. Gdansk was Polish for 600 years of its history.

@sebe2255

6 ай бұрын

@@patriotaGHF Not an argument

You did a great job, thank you! But you've made one important mistake: you said Boleslaus I controlled Russia for a while - no, he actually controlled Kievan Rus. Kievan Run is not Russia. Russia didn't even exist back then. As for why the territory of Ukraine was transferred from Lithuania to Poland in 1569, basically the Lithuanians were punished by King Sigismund Augustus for bitching during the negotiations before the Union of Lublin took place. Other than that, great, I am really impressed by the quality of your video.

@sachavskyi

6 ай бұрын

agree

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Important correction! Thank you.

@Artur_M.

6 ай бұрын

Also, many of the local nobles in the provinces that got incorporated were actually in favour of it, for various reasons. It's complicated. I think that the most comprehensive explanation available in English can be found in the Oxford History of Poland-Lithuania vol.1 (the sole volume published thus far) by Robert I. Frost.

@picassoman4103

6 ай бұрын

​​@@Artur_M.Why would the cossacks revolt then,Under the GDL the cossacks liked the Lithuanians

@Artur_M.

6 ай бұрын

@picassoman4103 Well, I did say "many of the local nobles," not everyone, and that it was complicated. BTW, the first Cossacks uprising started in 1591, so decades later, it was led by a minor Polish nobleman, who became a Zaporozhian Cossack - Krzysztof Kosiński, and the catalyst for it was a conflict between him and the Ostrogski family - a Ruthenian magnate house, which was prominent under the GDL (as you surely know).

Very good video, greetings from Poland🇵🇱

Quite accurate, thanks.

you should do a video about the oldest border like the west border of bohemia/czechia

Great video, I can see that you put a lot of work into this video. One correction - Jadwiga was actually crowned as a king of Poland at the age of 10, later she got also title of queen and grand duchess after marrying Jogaila. She was one of the best monarchs in polish history, even tho she reigned only for 15 yeas because she died young.

The only mistake I noticed is when Poland didn’t expand all the way to the Pacific coast when it had a chance :(

Ohhh I need this, I needed to know my ancestors historical regions

Kudos!

Bardzo ważny materiał

12:22 Polish parliament got tired of constantly helping and basically funding Grand Duchy in its fights with Moscow without any benefit to the Kingdom. Also king pushed hard for "real union" becouse he was getting old and did not have any heir - he was afraid that growing conflicts betweeen Lithuanian magnates and Polish nobility will couse both countries to split after his passing. Minor Lithuanian noblity was eager for the real union with Poland - as they would get all the priviliges the Polish noblity enjoyed. But the big landlords hated the idea (as they would be the ones loosing power and influence the most) and resisted it using all power they had. When Lithuania got beat up by Moscovy (again) and called Poland to help this time they got ignored and presented with an ultimatum - real union or you are alone. This forced Lithuania into negotiations. But due to many reasons they did not reach an agreement. What is more, Lithuanian delagation left unceremoniously. This angered the king who ordered the troops of the Crown (Poland) to annex Podlachia and Ukraine. As lower nobility, landlords of Ruthenian background and cities were supporters of the union, all gates were opened to the troops. Territory was annexed without a fight. Lithuanian magnates, now scared to the bone that King will do this to the "Lithuania Proper", agreed to the creation of the Commonwealth to save the autonomy of the Duchy (and of course with it some of the power they wielded)

Great video. Congrats

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Thank you!

Cherven Cities had a mixed population, so the eastern shift of the border in XIV century was justified ethnically and historically as the lands belonged firstly to the state of Gniezno and it was later under Kievan Rus only because it attacked Poland in 981 and took the land away. We can see this on the maps but I still think that it is not well known fact outside of Poland.

muito obrigada pelo vídeo informativo sobre nossas fronteiras

Well this is really fast and demo version hope for a longer one and more accurate greetings from Croatia 🇭🇷

Finally someone talking about the Piast era and its clear western border many germans claim that the west of soland such as silesia and Pomerania isn't historically polish which is very ignorant to say bc it was ruled my the polish first thank you !

12:15 Grand Dutchy of Lithuania was not so eager to make a complete union with Krown of Poland, so Poland have... basically annexed Ukraine... As you can imagine, Lithuania was not happy about that. They haven't forgiven us to this day... Anyway, that move layed a foundation for Cossack uprisings later on, and also for modern-day split between people of Ukraine and Belarus (border between Krown and Dutchy is almost the same, as Berlaruso-Ukrainian. I am very pleased, that Polish history has been depicted here 😏- I hope it will explain many nuances of Polish geopolitics to western and eastern viewers alike.

@patriotaGHF

6 ай бұрын

A Ukraine never existed before 1991, please get your fella head out of the Ukrainians' asses.

Quite accurate - except for using term Russia - for the territories discussed - instead of Rus/Ruthenia.

@sebe2255

6 ай бұрын

Tbh you can also say Russia, but then you have to add that it isn’t the same as modern Russia lol

Thats a cool intro

damn,,, nice video

There was a slight border change after WWII, in 1951. Soviets traded some of Polands valuable land in east for lets say "other" land on south. If I remember correctly, to build a dam there.

Hello @General.Knowledge! The reason why The Crown took southern territories in Union of Lublin was due to argument made among Lithuanian and Ruthenian nobility (or their mixture since it was very divide group culturally). So to write it short. Some most prominent Lithuanian gentry threatened to break the negotiations and the sejm to joint two countries in one state that we know as Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (although the union had different stages of integration and was put on hold some times since the death of Kasimir the Great in 1370). So nobels from the south said they would join directly The Crown, without being part of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Since it was more appealing to them politically, culturally and economically (after the union Lithuanians embraced same way and polonized themself peacefully).

7:43 the polish dukes didn't vote but region of Cracow belongs to the oldest living prince (rule of seniority Just like in medieval Bohemia)

You should do Gibraltar next!

18:33 While talking about border changes it's worth to note that our borders changed in 1951 when we exchanged land with Ukrainian SSR Also there was planned another exchange that would shift our border up to Annopol in Lubelskie region, in exchange we would gain land in south up to Hussaków village. But it never was completed due to Stalin's death

Could you please do Armenia they've drastically changed their position include Cilcia too it's very interesting how they had to escape to there for safety?

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Yes!

@Yes-qj4bi

6 ай бұрын

@@General.Knowledge thank you my fellow Portuguese brethren! Love your channel from the Açores!

@Yes-qj4bi

6 ай бұрын

To add onto that Turkish tribes like Kyrgz would be amazing too they moved from like Tannu Tuva before getting to modern day Kyrgz anyway hopefully these ideas help.

The transfer of Ruthenia to the Polish Crown was the result of the Union of Lublin treaty. It was simply one of the conditions imposed by Poland, because Poles were trying to unite into one state for over a dozen years, and Lithuanians were blocking unification. When the Lithuanian-Moscow war broke out, the Lithuanians, losing to Russia, asked the Poles for help, and if the Union had been signed, the Poles would have had to help.The Poles pointed this out to the Lithuanians, and the king said that if the Lithuanians did not want to unite, he would incorporate Podlasie and Ruthenia into the Crown, and this was left in the treaties.

7:38 That's not at all how it worked. The oldest member of the dynasty was supposed to automatically get the right to rule over the senior principality (much larger than just Kraków initially, btw) and be the supreme duke of the whole country. However, since this system has only survived for 39 years (partially because the first such senior duke turned out to be a terrible ruler), local nobles in the senior province ended up grabbing the right to elect their princes. Oh, and the rule over Kraków had become symbolic more than anything after 1227.

@mancubwwa

6 ай бұрын

More than being terrible ruler, the big rwason why the first senior failed was that he was a half brother to younger princes, who united to overthrow him and his atemts to sieze controll of the whole territory. Essentialy we have the repeat of the situation at Mieszko I death, but this time it was the younger sons that won, and promptly started fighting each other.

@aminadabbrulle8252

6 ай бұрын

@@mancubwwa The thing is, he was given such an enormous advantage (the biggest principality with just a senior province, nevermind his own Silesia, control over the more important keeps in his brothers' domains, the exclussive right to shape the foreign policy and even just the fact that he had significantly more political experience as a much older brother) that he honestly should have defeated all of them at once.

Yay!

5:20 that is not entirely true. Bolesław continued his father's policy of paying tribute and maintaining good relations with the HRE. Otto III even visited Poland in 1000. The exact events about Congress of Gniezno are disputed but the emperor most likely released Bolesław from paying tribute as well as laying future claims for royal crown. When Otto III died, however his successor, Henry II had completely had the both foreign and domestic policy, focusing on german hegemony, rather than Otto's idea of Renovatio imperii Romanorum.

General Knowledge. Can you make a Territorial Evolution of Ethiopia? From its Ancient Days till now?

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Sure! Was there a big change throughout history in the territory they held?

there where teriotorial changes in the 50's small ones, like adjusting borders etc or land exchange (ofc for the soviet favour) like when they found coal :D

12:00 These eastern territories were not empty. These are the territories of the former principality of Kievan Rus. This is not Russia, this is the ancestor of modern Ukraine and Belarus. These lands had autonomy as part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and together with it became part of the Lithuanian-Polish union. Then, they were divided: the northern part remained part of Lithuania (modern Belarus) and the southern part was given to Poland (modern Ukraine).

Awsome video. But you could've worked a bit on the pronounciation. Here's basic some basic Polish: W = v Sz = sh Cz = ch Ł = w C = ts Ch = the german ch ó = oo

@General.Knowledge

6 ай бұрын

Thanks! I'll save this for other videos on Poland that I make :)

@michalomar

6 ай бұрын

ó is just u. those are the same letter but used differently because of orthography

@o_s-24

6 ай бұрын

@@michalomar well, oo is better fpr english, as english u is often spelled like uh

Great video!! I'm glad that you presented Polish borders also including Piasts which seems to be overlooked sometimes, it really seems to be the best match to current country borders, and denies what some people say regarding Western Poland. 😁

According to the map 6:01 it says they lost Pomorze in 1005, rather than gained it in 1005. The dark red outline shows the border 20 years later and that area isn’t within it.

Quite a good video. I would add that after the Congress of Vienna, besides the Kingdom of Poland (mentioned in the video), there was also the Grand Duchy of Poznań/Posen with some autonomy within the Kingdom of Prussia (for a time), and Kraków was officially an independent free city - the Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory. Regarding the serious problems with pronouncing Polish words (which you admitted yourself), I recommend the video "How to read in Czech and Polish?" by the Australian channel Authentic Linguistics: kzread.info/dash/bejne/pKOck5adqqfTZqg.html

the last Jagiellon, Sigismund II Augustus, gave Podlasie, Bracław Kiev and Volhynia to Poland to force the Lithuanian magnates to accept the Polish-Lithuanian union under the threat of including the whole of Lithuania directly into Poland

18:35 It's not true In 1951 there was a territorial exchange with the Soviet Union that we could call somewhat significant Poland ceded towns like Bełz or today's Chervonohrad in the Bug's Knee for an "equal" area in the Bieszczady Mountains with Ustrzyki Dolne

12:23 It's actually quite interesting and funny. During the negotiations between Polish and Lithuanian nobility, that were leading up to the establishment of the union, Lithuanian nobility wasn't happy with the proposed deal. As the protest, they left the negotiations, thinking that it will stop the union, and force Polish nobility to renegotiate better deal. But the opposite had happen. The king, who rulled both countries, gave those lands to Poland, and said that they could sign the union treaty with or without Lithuanian nobility. Lithuanians quickly returned to the table, but were not given those lands back.

10:15 Jadwiga wasn't a queen, she was a king.

Wow

You can type Polish names into translator to see how they are generally pronunced, fe Jadwiga is spelled Yadviga

@equilibrum999

6 ай бұрын

and not like Dzadliga

As far as your pronunciation of Polish names and names of parts of Polish territory goes, "there's certainly room for improvement" ;-) In fact, Polish language writing system is nearly 100% phonetical (see Paul's Lang video on Polish language on Langfocus channel), so once you learn the rules/ relation between speech and writen text (which in most cases would take less than an hour) you can read Polish words with nearly 100% accuracy, even if you have no effing idea what they mean. That beeing said, I appreciate the accuracy of your research into the subject. Well done.

widać zabory

It is kind of interesting to think that many countries in history has their territory either expand or shrink because of winning or losing wars.

Fun fact Poland had elected the son of the Swedish king so when Johan the III died he was king of Sweden from 1592-1599 so in an time there was Sweden-Poland-Lithuanian or just Sweden

@General Knowledge From my knowledge change in control of eastern lands in 16th century originated from king Sigismund August wanting to unite commonwealth further. Since Lituanian nobles didn't agree he, knowing that he will die soon, essentially blackmailed them to agree, by saying he will transfer all of Lithuania to Poland if they dont relent. And to prove that he wasnt bluffing king transferred those territories.

I want to point out same mistake, as in several comments before me - at 5th min: there was no Russia then in 900-1000. Tribes of russins was central slavs - current belorussians and ukrainians. Russia was established much later from Moskovia duchy

@sebe2255

6 ай бұрын

And also current Russians. And obviously Muscovy/Russia claimed that Rus legacy, which makes total sense

@Zaporizhzhian

3 ай бұрын

​@@sebe2255non-legacy, bc it was Asian colony of Rus'.

@sebe2255

3 ай бұрын

@@Zaporizhzhian No it wasn’t you Ukrainoid

@sebe2255

3 ай бұрын

@@Zaporizhzhian No it wasn’t, Ukrainian cope lmao

@Zaporizhzhian

3 ай бұрын

@sebe2255 it was, can you prove that it wasn't (Novgorod was founded in 930-950th by archeological data, so Rus' started in Kyiv, core of Rus' of real historians opinions was Kyiv, Chernihiv and Pereyaslav).

Since you admitted to having trouble pronouncing Polish names and arguably they are quite difficult for those unfamiliar with the language and I cannot fault you for that, but a little helpful tip and something I noticed you did in the video, whenever you see a W in Polish it is pronounced as a V and this letter (Ł) is pronounced as a W, so if we take the name Władysław for example it would be pronounced like this Vwadyswav. Just to make it clear I am not trying to bash you or anything this is just a tip for future reference and something to improve on as I am sure Poland will pop up in another future video at some point.

Poland's borders changed a little after World War II. interesting detail. The 1951 Polish-Soviet territorial exchange, also known as the Polish-Soviet border adjustment treaty of 1951, was a border agreement signed in Moscow between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union. It involved approximately 480 km2 (185 sq mi) of land along their shared border

@Polska_Edits

6 ай бұрын

They took resource rich land and gave it to Ukraine and gave us useless land in exchange

@cloacky4409

6 ай бұрын

​@@Polska_Editsits the opposite loo

Hi.😊

3:30 You've missed the point. Being recognised as a kingdom was a side effect. The point of converting to Christianity was being seen as an equal to western countries, an equal and brother, not a heathen who can be raided and crusaded against. Basically, it was a political move to protect against Germany (HRE).

5:30 - those territories conquered to the west weren't part of Germania. Lusitia, while being target of Northern Crusades, was inhabited by other western slavic tribes for few centuries yet. Bolesław conquered and vassalized other slavic countries of the area. "Lusatia" itself is latinization of slavic "Łużyce".

you asked about the shift on the south withing the Union. Its because the act of Union 1569 provided the word 'incoporate' and also, because the gentry on Lithuania was sabotaging the negotiations with the King (who was of Lithuanian origin himself, however his "family and friends" from Lithuania were playing political games and stlled the procedure of severing the Union, so King had no choice, but simply apply politics of facts and ... simply incorporated whole 'województwa' of south east (voyevoodstvo - singular, voyevoodstva - plural = whicha re basically regions / sometimes principalities), these vojevoodstwas were called "Wolynskie", "Kijowskie" (Kiev!), "Podolskie", "Braclawskie". Later known as 'Easter Lesser Poland' - it all became part of the Crown. These teritories were mostly empty, and needed settling action, just one known Prince, Wisniowiecki, founded 20 thousand villages (!) and built extensive number of bridges, villages and improved the region profoundly, even founding own, private little army, as Crimean tatars where constantly raiding ( Crimean Tatars where subjects of Turkich Empire and that was causing further disagreements with Turks).

7:37 the Krakow was part of senioral Principality was meant for the oldest Ruler, not to elected one

Make one about the rump state of Armenia

English - Polish - Hungarian SH - SZ - S ... [ ʃ ] or [ ʂ ] S - S - SZ ... [ s ] That are the differences of the SH and S sounds. But the polish SZ makes the [ ʂ ] sound, which is similar to [ ʃ ] - used in Germany, UK, Hungaria. For [ ʂ ] you put the tongue below your front teeth.

From Polish perspective Poland disappeared only once, during the partitions. The medieval fragmentations were a typical occurance for the time period and ever since the kingdom was founed the idea of Poland as a state persisted in the minds of the elite. It is also worth noting that the duchies Poland "lost" during medieval times were ruled by Piast dynasty descendants as well so it was more of a matter which one of them would take the crown. As for the military occupations, they were relatively brief and despite their destructive nature the Polish state always reemerged right after the conflicts have passed. That's why the partitions are such an important moment in history, it was the only time Poland was really gone.

@martinmortyry7444

6 ай бұрын

One could argue that events after Mieszko II also resulted in the dissolution of the state, but that one was so long ago that it doesn't occupy much thought in contenporary Poles' minds.

@kacperwoch4368

6 ай бұрын

@@martinmortyry7444 True but so could one argue for every interrex period before Jogaila. The king was the state, no king no state.

12:18 the Lithuanian nobility mostly didn’t care about the sparsely populated lands known as “the wild fields” or “dzikie pola”. They were very far and only had Slavic populations. This they had no problem to give direct control over these lands to Poland. The polish nobility was much stronger and modernized and thus had a better chance to retain these far away lands. Also it was a bargaining chip, in the negotiations over the system in the commonwealth, as some polish nobles wanted to have a unitary government, this would give them more control over Lithuania. This way the Lithuanian nobility could focus on their own lands +Belarus, and get more autonomy with a separate treasury and courts. As we’ve seen in our history, the polish nobility was very strong and even polonised Vilnius, so it was probably a good call to be more focused.

R.i.p for polish Lithuanian Commonwealth for 1569 to 1795 you are one of the greatest empires in histroy❤️❤️

thanks im polish

Love Poland. 1st or 2nd best allies in NATO and actually pulls its own weight. Rising power for sure. 🇺🇲 🇵🇱

@ApeironTO

6 ай бұрын

nah we arent really a raising power dont believe those youtube videos saying we are gonna surpass germany or UK in 5 years man

@sebe2255

6 ай бұрын

If you want your modern American Empire, you can pay the bills too

@Joker-no1uh

6 ай бұрын

@@sebe2255 Never been an empire. Maybe in the future, but since the beginning till now we are THE REPUBLIC

@sebe2255

6 ай бұрын

@@Joker-no1uh A Republic can be an Empire

@Joker-no1uh

6 ай бұрын

@@sebe2255 An empire conquers and expands territory. Can't remember the last time the US used its military to gain territory. All overseas territories voted to remain with the US and the ones that didn't gained independence

So greatfull should be for Lithuania

Rzeczpospolita!

Polich-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a republic with a king. The confusion comes from an indirect translation of latin ResPublica - a common state into republic - meaning a state without a monarch. The Commonwealth was ruled by a parliament with the king being sort of a president, but with a life term. Hereditary - the son taking over the kingdom after his father, was a custom, but not a guarantee. In Polish the name of the state 1918-1939 and of the current state is not Republika Polska, but Rzeczpospolita Polska, meaning the Respublica of Poland - Respublica Poloniae. That is why the state 1918-1939 was the II Polish Republic although it was the first time (excluding short periods of turmoil) Poland was a republic (meaning - without a monarch).

12:25 I can give you that. I've searched and it's not explained on the English Wikipedia. It was a political ploy by the Polish King, who was simultaneously the Grand Duke of Lithuania. His goal was the union. The most powerful Lithuanian nobles were against it. He annexed the territories from one of his royal possessions to the other (with the consent of the local nobles). Therefore he subtly threatened the powerful nobles with a full annexation of Lithuania. So they agreed to the union. Side note: Lithuania was threatened with annexation by Grand Duchy of Muscovy at the time. So they chose the overlord they knew over the one they didn't. Side note 2: Many of the Polish nobles wanted a full incorporation of the Grand Duchy into the Crown. If the Polish King had absolute power, it would've probably happened. That's democracy for you.