"Not to scale". Thanks, I wasn't sure!

@idontknowok5632

2 жыл бұрын

😐oohhkayy….

Damn, that circle is nicely drawn.

@Pile_of_carbon

6 жыл бұрын

Ikr! His first circle was _really_ good.

@NG-VQ37VHR

6 жыл бұрын

I was disappointed by the second one, but I thought first was pretty satisfying.

@deepdoodle1

6 жыл бұрын

Whaaat?

@movax20h

6 жыл бұрын

The first one was AWESOME. The other ones were shit.

@exeerror-om6cq

6 жыл бұрын

Circle drawing goals

he literally describes the magnetic field like a sales pitch like he's trying to convince you that this is what's actually happening lol

0:15 lets take a moment and appreciate that circle

@jeestudent6758

3 жыл бұрын

Ok I did. Now what?

@omsingharjit

3 жыл бұрын

Yup

I LOVE the passion of this guy. He really cares about this, and is clearly willing to dumb it down for the purpose of teaching anyone who asks.

@Stuart.Branson.

2 жыл бұрын

You certainly can't get any dumber

@goosee7776

2 жыл бұрын

That's Incorrect unfortunately" cat laughing at how many people thought this was true in the comments" ok folks the planets energy field come's from the suns powerful electron dencity and x rays pass into the earth at its poles' and produce fusion in the center. it's a two part reaction this fusion creates an electron loop or electromagnetic field is a modality" via it's circular magnetic physical property's" a iron, nickle shell" exc,,,this also makes it's spin or rotate itself'' one energy flows counter clockwise from the sun" the em field flows out counter clockwise I believe'... its not a ball lava that's impossible we would be melted by the mass of the heat squared mc_2,,, to what a 5 thousand mile across peace of hot cole would do floating around in outer space ummm no" it's empty after 450 miles debts ish" alot of watter some other things' I can't say" olny fusion "a small star" in the center with not alot of gravity probley near it...so there's acculy nothing there a real bright blueish light, but still not vary hot no...but nice try guy'' however liquid mettal can make a magnetic field yes', but no" there's probably none of that down there, you see especially near all magnetic centurfugal divergence" is a zero point" so there's no gravity to hold any rotating element together so such' Instine was still great tho' thank you lady's and gentlemen," a house cat walks off stage...

@wycliffeo4656

Жыл бұрын

Lmao

@doeeyeddevil4896

6 ай бұрын

😂😂😂😂 riiiiiight

Hokay, so here's de Earth. Dang, that's a pretty sweet magnetic field, you might say...

@jgrant4201

3 жыл бұрын

Too few people remember this gem :)

@blackpink1fan479

3 жыл бұрын

This proves that those places on journey to the center of the earth 2008 movie are real unbelievable and they exist

@michaelpachuilo6219

3 жыл бұрын

Fire ze' Missiles!!!

@frankdimeglio8216

2 жыл бұрын

@@jgrant4201 Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. TIME is NECESSARILY possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE, AS E=MC2 is F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. TIME DILATION ULTIMATELY proves ON BALANCE that ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. ("Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY.) GRAVITATIONAL force/ENERGY IS proportional to (or BALANCED with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity; AS E=MC2 IS F=ma. Gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. (Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. E=MC2 IS F=ma.) "Mass"/ENERGY involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent with/AS what is BALANCED electromagnetic/gravitational force/ENERGY, AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense, AS BALANCE AND completeness go hand in hand !!! (Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.) E=MC2 is CLEARLY F=ma. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. A PHOTON may be placed at the center of what is THE SUN (as A POINT, of course), AS the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light (c); AS E=MC2 IS F=ma; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=MC2 IS F=ma. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND DESCRIBES what is possible/potential AND actual IN BALANCE. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. The Earth is ALSO CLEARLY then E=MC2 AS F=ma ON BALANCE !!! GREAT !!! By Frank DiMeglio

wow, wish this guy was my professor! I'm studying mechanical engineering and this beautifully ties so many concepts in electronics and heat transfer and fluid mechanics. THANK YOU FOR THE POST.

@goosee7776

2 жыл бұрын

That's Incorrect unfortunately" cat laughing at how many people thought this was true in the comments" ok folks the planets energy field come's from the suns powerful electron dencity and x rays pass into the earth at its poles' and produce fusion in the center. it's a two part reaction this fusion creates an electron loop or electromagnetic field is a modality" via it's circular magnetic physical property's" a iron, nickle shell" exc,,,this also makes it's spin or rotate itself'' one energy flows counter clockwise from the sun" the em field flows out counter clockwise I believe'... its not a ball lava that's impossible we would be melted by the mass of the heat squared mc_2,,, to what a 5 thousand mile across peace of hot cole would do floating around in outer space ummm no" it's empty after 450 miles debts ish" alot of watter some other things' I can't say" olny fusion "a small star" in the center with not alot of gravity probley near it...so there's acculy nothing there a real bright blueish light, but still not vary hot no...but nice try guy'' however liquid mettal can make a magnetic field yes', but no" there's probably none of that down there, you see especially near all magnetic centurfugal divergence" is a zero point" so there's no gravity to hold any rotating element together so such' Instine was still great tho' thank you lady's and gentlemen," a house cat walks off stage...

@deanlewis1277

3 ай бұрын

I've had him as a professor and worked in his lab. He's awesome as both a human being and an instructor.

This man almost free-hand drew a circle. I was already impressed.

@tristanteller7990

Жыл бұрын

Then ingeniously normalized himself by doing a hilariously terrible placement of the inner circles. Like the Iron Core, my impressed assessment then cooled somewhat

But what DOES give the Earth the initial magnetic field? I get that for illustrative purposes we can simply impose it, but I'd like to know what the actual answer is.

@FoxEagle993

6 жыл бұрын

The system being discussed evolves across orders of magnitude in scale. If you're interested you may find resources which delve into the specifics 1. The outer core fluid can hold and generate flux through motion; 2. Local differences form larger composites which are sustained by effects of local motion and charge/flux; 3. Nature favours the lowest energy state. The gradual evolution of the massive system trends toward alignment, leading to initial conditions discussed at 6:00 I imagine the torus of magnetism being more a jagged chain of flux in the system than the smooth shape of a doughnut. (P.S. The magnetic poles are not greatly aligned with the rotational poles)

@derek

6 жыл бұрын

yeah the thing is that there is positive feedback. A small current or magnetic field can generate the other and they can continue to grow and generate each other in the presence of these helical, turbulent convection currents.

@KeystoneScience

6 жыл бұрын

SlimThrull sadly, the base of your question, the why, is unknown, we learn more and more about the effects, but many ideas for the why accelerated materials are still hypothetical, for instance, something likely related, it is not yet known how charge is built up in clouds for lighting, all we know is there is a high correlation with stronger updrafts equating to more lightning. So, stay curious, and perhaps you could find it :)

@SlimThrull

6 жыл бұрын

So the motion of the liquid metal is enough to generate some field which in turn is amplified by the convection currents, yes? Okay, that makes sense.

@robmckennie4203

6 жыл бұрын

@SlimThrull I don't think liquid metal will generate it's own magnetic field that's then amplified, but there are any number of potential sources of a magnetic field that the core can then amplify.

"It's messy. You're wrong." That's such an Einstein thing to say lol

"this core is about the size of mars" mind blown

@brokenwave6125

5 жыл бұрын

Why? Mars is half the diameter of Earth.

@hegugs

5 жыл бұрын

*MIND STILL BLOWN*

@jbenkidu

5 жыл бұрын

@MomoTheBellyDancer lol wow that's not nice. Don't discourage, stimulate.

@bibekwagle5751

5 жыл бұрын

MC Güx Deluxe b

@teebee5323

5 жыл бұрын

@@brokenwave6125 exactly, in fact martian gravity is so comparatively weak, it provides a serious hindrance in colonizing mars.

Writing a topical paper on Ganymede for my astronomy class and watched this video for some background context. Jon Arnou's name sounded familiar and I check the citations I have and sure enough, he has co-authored the papers I've used that are focused on the geodynamo in Ganymede. What a coincidence! Thank you Derek!!

Great video! I would love part two with the topic of "how we actually know all this things". Like how can we know the chemical composition of the core? What proves this theory besides that it fits the observation of large scale magnetic field? etc.

@doeeyeddevil4896

6 ай бұрын

👍🏽👍🏽👍🏽👍🏽 exactly my thoughts!

@koalasaw

4 ай бұрын

one way we know the chemical composition of the core is from chondrites that can be dated back to the time of earth's formation. basically meteorites were pieces of earth's core that didn't get trapped when the earth formed.

It's an obvious statement, but I have never heard it in my life: "This core is about the size of Mars. It's big. It's the size of other planets." Cool.

@Decrosion

5 жыл бұрын

therealnightwriter ha "hollow" is a bad word to use friend because of the crackpot connotations. It's also just inaccurate i mean its obviously not vacuum because that would contradict everything else we observe in nature.

@Decrosion

5 жыл бұрын

therealnightwriter the dinosaur Gravity point is pertinent though. This seems to be something most people have never heard but remains completely unanswered by mainstream science.

@renedekker9806

5 жыл бұрын

@therealnightwriter Lol, good joke. You made a mistake, though. For gravity at the surface to be smaller in the paste, the Earth needs to shrink over time, not grow. Or you need to add mass to its hollow core over time.

@IAMSTEVIERAYBITCH

5 жыл бұрын

@@renedekker9806 can you show me in life where mass is attracted to another Mass. I'm going to answer this really fast for you..... No! Here's an idea start at the beginning trying not to believe the lies that you've been told use your brain for yourself and you will see.

@renedekker9806

5 жыл бұрын

@@IAMSTEVIERAYBITCH I am sorry, I don't follow your humor. What is mass attracted to if not other mass?

I can't wait for the day that they can make a model of the earths magnetic field that is made the same exact way that earth makes its magnetic field. But obviously I wont hold my breath

@letstacoboutit8205

2 жыл бұрын

U ever think u could use magnets for energy?

@metou3072

2 жыл бұрын

@@letstacoboutit8205 obviously the real way Earth's magnetic field is produced is because the earth and sun are electrically connected through birkland currents that you can see with the naked eye... northern lights, Aurora...it also explains why the earth spins..follows the right hand rule.. claiming that the heat that is in Earth's core comes from gravity is total BS... must be a coincidence that electric currents produce heat as well

@letstacoboutit8205

2 жыл бұрын

@@metou3072 I mean could we use it in a way of a unlimited source some way to harness the electrical field idk too much up on it u knw just researching

@metou3072

2 жыл бұрын

@@letstacoboutit8205 no.. magnetism is from protons...and electricity is nothing more than moving magnetism

@metou3072

2 жыл бұрын

If you are interested in making your own energy usually storing it is the issue because batteries are expensive... capacitors are the future not batteries but in my opinion use electricity generated to lift a weight connected to a generator so when you want to use it release the weight to spin the generator...or if you have the batteries to store energy use your car to charge batteries as your battery in your car is only used for starting the car. You waste a lot of energy driving your car around and not capturing all the energy it can produce...you need to learn about diodes...like solar panels use... electricity behaves exactly like water in a pipe... EXACTLY...so if u can understand that then you should have no problem understanding electricity and ways to generate it...if I was you I would save information that you think that you will need later in life cause the internet will not always be there

"Where is it coming from?" Is the most important question.

@senantiasa

4 жыл бұрын

"and who put it there?" as phoebe said...

@Shadow-uw3ld

3 жыл бұрын

Mantal part

@falcodarkzz

3 жыл бұрын

Yeah he doesn’t make that clear. Naturally in the earth’s core there are charges/ions, I guess in a much higher quantity than in normal matter. The motion of these charges is what generates the field. Scientists think this motion is greatest at the boundary between the solid and liquid cores

@surendrakverma555

3 жыл бұрын

Motion of ions

@Sam-bc9ll

3 жыл бұрын

Zeb Oh!! Thanks fam, that helps me understand a bit better. So is it like the concept of the “sea of electrons” in metallic bonding?

“He nailed it. It’s just complex.”

@Decrosion

5 жыл бұрын

LOVE OF PLANTS 🌻 fml

@glenncanfield6211

5 жыл бұрын

Sounds like a bunch of assuming and should bees I don't know we know nothing.

@mgtowvalues

5 жыл бұрын

@@glenncanfield6211 You are absolutely correct. There was nothing of modern science in this report.

@nikiwiki2006

5 жыл бұрын

Mgtow Values Seismology has shown a lot of this information.

@mgtowvalues

5 жыл бұрын

@@nikiwiki2006 Do not blandly tell me that, please. I did the research on seismology and there is nothing in seismology that explains the cause of earth's magnetic sphere.

SmarterEveryDay did a video recently on opposing rings and the helical offshoots they create when they hit each other, in my mind this seems like a similar effect

This guys an awesome teacher the angular momentum analogy with the convection of the fluid was spot on nice work.

@HighSpeedNoDrag

11 ай бұрын

I would like to get his take regarding a area that is off the charts regarding a Aeromagnetic Map which indicates a county Major League magnetic presence. Some strange things at night and will leave at that.

This actually really helped answer my questions, thanks.

0:14 Casually hand draws a perfect circle, no big deal.

Miss this channel so much!

That's great info!! Nice representation of the dynamics. Thank you.

I like this explanation, very simple e coherent. The explanation does not embrace many things that could be explained and I think those things are not explained because of their complexity, otherwise, it would make things very hard for many of us to understand. Thank you for taking your time to explain to us how it works.

2 videos in one day Is it Christmas yet?!

@medokn99

6 жыл бұрын

but...

“Or we would quickly perish” I love this video

Great, simple explanation that anyone can understand! 👍🏼

Thanks for this video, I love the last sentence a lot: it’s just complex!

Oooo time to watch a video at 2 am :D Edit: was actually 1:30 am.

@derek

6 жыл бұрын

time to launch a video at 12:30am

@KeystoneScience

6 жыл бұрын

2veritasium oops, yes you are right, it was 1:30 to me, I was too exited to look at the time

@koosnaamloos4291

6 жыл бұрын

Keystone Science we need a European science youtuber now

@sick000fight

6 жыл бұрын

Keystone Science get a life

@jacksharples4128

6 жыл бұрын

Keystone Science I looked at my watch as I read this and it was 1:30am

Explain like im five

@medokn99

6 жыл бұрын

r/explainlikeimfive

@UrielSuarezElectro

6 жыл бұрын

They never explain like you're five - more like ten.

@professoroak3411

6 жыл бұрын

Melomania not flat = magnetic field (Globe Earth) 🌎

@skillinp1388

6 жыл бұрын

I've seen one or two times that they literally break it down to 5 year old levels

@mrjbexample

6 жыл бұрын

Tidy your room first and then we can talk

As someone who wishes they continued high school physics, there are so many parts of this where i can remember this or that. So its expanding (in a dumbed down form) from those original ideas. Its highly fascinatingm

After a point, I was struggling to follow. But i understand that it's a complex topic to discuss; so i appreciate the effort

So how *fast* is the material in the liquid outer core actually moving?

@movax20h

6 жыл бұрын

Similar speed to earth surface rotation. 24h per revolution. The speed at the outer bunduary is thus probably something like 900km/h. The turbulent convection and other random motions in the outer corre add and substract a bit from this figure, but on average it is 900km/h, and local variations are probably extremally small. (I do not have any sources, but my guess it is less than 1km/h). My guess, is that the outer core is actually rotating little bit faster, (but could be also little less, we do not know), and using slightly different axis of rotation, but probably within 5 degree of normal axis of rotation. These differences are becuase the things are fluid, and outer core is actually pretty low viscosity, it takes a lot of time to transfer torque and find balance towards equilibrium. Not only that, the outer core also has a magnetic torque and sheer forces, as well due to angular momentum, a differential rotation. So, it is likely the outer core is rotating slightly faster (less than a degree per day) than mantle and surface of the Earth at the Equator, and slightly slower or similar closer to the poles.

@movax20h

6 жыл бұрын

Update: Apparently, it is even more complex! www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130916162005.htm the inner core rotates faster than mantle and surface, but due to reactive forces, this make outer core to rotate actually SLOWER than mantle, thus from the stationary point on the surface, it appears that the outer core is rotating in oposite direction! Fascinating. In the absolute space (lets say from the moon or sun or distant starts perspective), they rotate at similar speeds tho, close to sideral day, which is just few minutes less than 24h.

@bjornmu

6 жыл бұрын

I'm not talking about the speed of rotation which is rather uninteresting. I meant the *relative* motion of some parts of the liquid relative to other parts. Like e.g . the "speed" of the Golf Stream is measured relative to the surface, not relative to the universe, the latter being quite a meaningless number.

@movax20h

6 жыл бұрын

There are features in the outer core (liquid part), that do reasamble gold stream, and do form jets, but the relative speeds to the mantle and crust are very small. From my quick calculations it is about 1 meter per hour. Slow.

@nikiwiki2006

5 жыл бұрын

Wei Zhao Triggered much. Someone stoled your puppy. Your haircut is shit. Oh, by the way, we are living in the best of times in human history.

I’d love to see a video on how some of this stuff is worked out, I mean how could they possibly know if they can’t physically get to the core. Same for a lot of space stuff.

@doeeyeddevil4896

6 ай бұрын

100%

Finally some in depth analysis.

Bookmark Paused @ 4:13 Trying to figure out: How does our magnetic field affect cosmic inflation? This was step one. Thank you for the 'Cole's Notes' version (I'm Canadian).

Why would the dipole be composed of quadruples? Also, changing magnetic fields generate currents, typically eddy currents, which just heats up the metals. I'm skeptical.

When I have been thinking about random stuff I have sometimes wondered how the core can be magnetic when steel and i am assuming iron too when heated above the austinetic point (700deg cent opprox) becomes non magnetic how the core can be magnetic

@JeremyHansPatrick

2 жыл бұрын

The core isn't magentic, its electrically conductive, meaning it can generation induction voltage by the motion of the core turning. This voltage generates a new magnetic field. You are correct in saying it isn't magnetic because the outer core is to warm for there to be magnetically conductive metals.

Excellent, clear explanation! Thanks.

So well explained, hats off.

@Scrungge

2 жыл бұрын

I love the enthusiasm on him too :)

He said "magnetic field " more than I would blink..

As Neo said to the Architect, "You haven't answered my question!". You've explained only how the Earth maintains it's magnetic field, not how it was created in the first place, which not only makes the title of your video false but it's also ignoring the most important part of the question in the first place.

@waiqiao6875

3 жыл бұрын

No, he’s explaining how it’s created. Try watching again or proceed on to other electrodynamics or magnetism courses

@rameshsabbavarapu3758

3 жыл бұрын

When there is movement of charge it generates field, initial condition was attained by rotation of the earth which forced liquid metal to helical spin.

Sir ur first circle was so perfect Thank you sir It helped me

A recent scientific publication on the "Origin of Geomagnetism" shows "A New Hypothesis to Fully Justify the Generation, Maintenance and Behavior of Geomagnetism". Just search.

how quickly is the core freezing?

@karanbirsingh7884

6 жыл бұрын

It'll freeze over in about 91 billion years last I read.

@IIGrayfoxII

6 жыл бұрын

in 5,000,000,000 years all life on this planet will be dead. in 7,000,000,000 the sun will become a white dwarf.

@JimGiant

6 жыл бұрын

1/2 Earth radius - 1/3 Earth radius = 1062km Assuming +Karanbir Singh is correct It will average 1062km per 91 billion years or 1.33 nanometers per hour

@movax20h

6 жыл бұрын

1mm per year. Seriously.

@whatthefunction9140

6 жыл бұрын

If I was a giant super god I would dust off the earth. and use that solid crystalline core in some cosmic game of marbles.

This guy is a god. Look at the way he drew that circle

This is one of the best explanations I have heard on the earth’s magnetic field .. here after watching “mars” on Disney .. and how the magnetic field defends earth from the solar winds ..

Seems like your new video about synchronisation could help explaining the organised motion of the helixes!

A question here: how can they be so sure (well, they/he seems to be) that the core elements are what he/they described?

@mikip3242

4 жыл бұрын

Analysis of the seismic spectra tells how seismic waves propagate in Earth's interior. Sometimes seismic waves get reflected and difracted. By studying many of these waves we are able to localize clumps of different densities inside Earth in 3D. The core is there, the density is so high that it has to be made of Iron, and the seismic waves bounce on it in a very specific way.

So far he has not mentioned that the transformer relationship with the sun. You can't map it all out without that tidbit. Remember that the more measurements taken, the more the current paradigm is disproven. When you refuse to see the magnetic and electrical effects in space, you can't understand our own planet.

@Decrosion

5 жыл бұрын

Dave Scruton Yes thank you. Please keep educating! If anyone wants to understand Dave's comment, just watch this (there's plenty more where that came from). kzread.info/dash/bejne/moSCr9GanLe6hqg.html

@bara734

5 жыл бұрын

It's a religious cult... if you contest his dog and pony show they put the cross in your face 😂😂😂😂😂😂

@caroline61804

5 жыл бұрын

Oh. Good idea. There likely is a connection with the sun and a connection of the sun with orion’s belt. Birkland current anyone?

@Blilar

5 жыл бұрын

Thunderbolts project

@masumoto007

5 жыл бұрын

I tend to believe the field is caused by that current from the sun. Also tend to think... the relative motion of the sun... and relative speed...I think of static electricity. Motion, electricity, fields.... motion, they are all intertwined.

Very sophisticated!

Do magnetic lines of force always form in the same place around a magnet, or are they improvised depending on environmental factors? In other words, will a static magnet of the same strength, oriented in the same way, always have a magnetic line in the same place surrounding it? Or will it move around in "orbit" around the magnet spontaneously?

mans wears his watch with the face facing inward that's how you know hes on another level

@ST-dm3gs

4 жыл бұрын

That's usually an offshore marine thing. It's so the watch isn't damaged by metal rails that are everywhere.

He re explained everything he was trying to explain but never explained the magnetic field. Makes absolutely know sense

I know pretty much nothing about electric and or magnetic fields, so forgive my ignorance if this is a silly question, but are the fields generated due to the friction of the moving liquid metal core? Or by some other proposed means?

Don't think he answered the question... He imposed a field to explain how that field got bigger. The question is where did it come from in the first place? Did I miss something? Also, are we certain about the core elements or are these assumptions? How was this proven?

7:50 "In one direction or the other" Okay, but if they go the other direction, don't they produce currents in the opposite direction? This would net-zero the current and screw the magnetic field. What causes all of the helices to be so predominately in sync?

@ignacevau

Жыл бұрын

Did you find the answer to this, I'm wondering this as well.

More turds dropped in this video than my dog drops in my yard.

1:12 Mars whole planet radius is 3389 km whereas Earth's core only is estimated to be 3485 km. Thanks for the information, that's the first time i've heard.

Not to scale, but that initial circle Prof. Jon drew was spot on.

The magnetic field cause the fluid to stretch and create the Earths magnetic field. How did the first magnetic field come??

@moonasha

4 жыл бұрын

wikipedia said nobody really knows but they guess it's the sun's magnetic field; it was way stronger billions of years ago

@ronyvernet

4 жыл бұрын

One possibility is that the liquid outer core in friction with solid inner core produced electric charges that in movement through the metal induced little initial magnetic fields.

@josyjoy2836

4 жыл бұрын

God created everything

@xeno2421

3 жыл бұрын

@@josyjoy2836 if you are so sure about what you think why are you here? Please don't spam the comment section of scientific viedos

However, the thing that occurs to me as someone who does some welding, I know that mild steel will loose magnetic properties at about 1420° F and will not regain them until it cools to about 500° F. Since steel is made from iron, and it's the iron that imparts the magnetic properties to steel, I assume that iron shares this property of losing magnetism at critical temperatures, yet a magnetic field is still generated.

@dave5194

6 жыл бұрын

Guildrum I've got a hazy idea of how this works but from what I understand the convection currents cause the fields in the mantel to have helical spirals and creates rings of net current which act like the coils of an electromagnet and the turbulent changes to the field also generates induced magnetic fields as the field "resists" changes

@Guildrum

6 жыл бұрын

Trust me, I realize that there's no way to know exactly what goes on until someone goes there and directly observes it. :) I know magnetism and electricity are closely related, but I also know, also from welding, that heat effects those relations, as does any welder that's arc welded something too hot and got an arc "blow-out" where the electrical arc will actually try to follow a generated magnetic field due to heat, rather than "do like electricity do" and try to take the shortest route to ground. It seems magnetic fields do strange things at high temperatures, as does electricity.

@dave5194

6 жыл бұрын

Well he mentioned in the video that there is currently flowing through the mantel and I have seen videos of induction heating from an electromagnet which causes the ingot to levitate and also quickly and evenly heat up. Permanent magnets lose magnetism when they heat up because the molecules are able to move around freely and orient in random directions, canceling out the net force. My guess is that because there's a strong field passing through the molten metal, the molecules are still induced to orient in the direction of the net field

@sidewaysfcs0718

6 жыл бұрын

It has nothing to do with iron's ferromagnetism, this works with any convecting metal.

@Guildrum

6 жыл бұрын

And NOW I get around to seeing the main video, where they're talking about sodium!

The lecturer should have mentioned that this mechanism is a "self-exciting dynamo" of which there are many examples, including most of the electrical generators you need for outdoor work. All that is needed is an electrical conductor to rotate and as it does it generates a tiny current from whatever slight magnetism is present. the current adds to the magnetic field which increases the current and the whole process feeds back into itself until the magnetic permeability of the conductor is saturated.

There is a much easier to understand explanation. Whether it is true or not I don't know. But if you spin an object which consists of hot syrupy molten iron the parts of that iron which are liquid will (although further out from the centre) likely move around the inner core at a different speed to the inner core speed of rotation. The different speeds between these two metals will mean that if the core has been magnetised (maybe in earths early history) then the outer spinning material will make the inner core magnet stronger and a field will be produced. Since the earth is continually spinning this condition remains. That could all be rubbish, but it is the way I have always though about it. But it is great that the system is still very much unknown and unproven. All we have is theories at moment.

@googolnews2781

5 жыл бұрын

But earth magnetic field is very weak

Nobody knows how Earth generates its magnetic field..... Nobody lol

@mmmk6322

5 жыл бұрын

You're not suggesting the earth is flat...?

@Dr.FeelsGood

3 жыл бұрын

@@mmmk6322 how did you infer THAT from what he said, rofl. Nobody knows because no one can fucking actually observe what is going on and test it...it's all a theory based on how we most likely think it is generated based on our limited understanding of what is beneath the mantle..

Amazing the way he did a perfect circle,

@DemonDragonGD

4 жыл бұрын

Hans Krakaur Power if science

Nice to explain.

Great stuff.

Magnets loose their magnetism when heated so we don't know anything really

@moa3810

4 жыл бұрын

Amen

@kekersdev

4 жыл бұрын

You are kind of right and kind of wrong. Earth's core is not like ordinary permanent magnet so saying it would loose it's magnetic field is incorrect. Although earth would loose it's magnetic field eventually but because of some another reason

@jetsshowbruh7617

4 жыл бұрын

@@kekersdev because of what reason?

@kekersdev

4 жыл бұрын

@@jetsshowbruh7617 We are not 100% sure how exactly magnetic field is generated but it is definitely related to the movement of liquid metal in the core. This movement happens due to convection between hot core and cold planet' surface so the main reason is core cooldown. The core cools - convection slows down - slower movement in core - weaker MF. After a long time (if nothing special happens) core will completely soludify and MF will be completly gone

@jetsshowbruh7617

4 жыл бұрын

@@kekersdev yeah ok

Interesting, yet I've never seen the heat radiating from the core through the mantle being factored into the calculations regarding global temperatures in the climate models. Also, I didn't catch how a molten iron core can have a solid iron center. But I've often wondered where does the heat at the earth's core come from? And since high temperatures actually cause magnets to lose all magnetic properties, how can it be creating the earth's magnetism? Considering the deepest hole ever dug by man goes only as far as 8 miles, how are we able to extrapolate the composition of the core? Wouldn't we see much larger amounts of iron in volcano lava and magma? Not trying to be a smart ass, just curious....

@goosee7776

2 жыл бұрын

That's Incorrect unfortunately" cat laughing at how many people thought this was true in the comments" ok folks the planets energy field come's from the suns powerful electron dencity and x rays pass into the earth at its poles' and produce fusion in the center. it's a two part reaction this fusion creates an electron loop or electromagnetic field is a modality" via it's circular magnetic physical property's" a iron, nickle shell" exc,,,this also makes it's spin or rotate itself'' one energy flows counter clockwise from the sun" the em field flows out counter clockwise I believe'... its not a ball lava that's impossible we would be melted by the mass of the heat squared mc_2,,, to what a 5 thousand mile across peace of hot cole would do floating around in outer space ummm no" it's empty after 450 miles debts ish" alot of watter some other things' I can't say" olny fusion "a small star" in the center with not alot of gravity probley near it...so there's acculy nothing there a real bright blueish light, but still not vary hot no...but nice try guy'' however liquid mettal can make a magnetic field yes', but no" there's probably none of that down there, you see especially near all magnetic centurfugal divergence" is a zero point" so there's no gravity to hold any rotating element together so such' Instine was still great tho' thank you lady's and gentlemen," a house cat walks off stage...

This was absolutely lovely to listen to. And I don't see it as complex, really. Instead of smashing atoms together, it smashes electro magnetic fields together and boom! it protects us 🙃😛 Absolutely wonderful 😊

Dam I love this video, you can see he was excited to spread his knowledge.

Before, my question was why does the magnetic field change direction Now, my question is why doesn't it change quickly

How exactly does a magnetic field become “trapped” within a fluid? Is it a bunch of iron electrons that are flipping and moving with the iron?

@tezzeret2000

Жыл бұрын

If anyone's wondering it's just eddy currents -- sea water is conductive and pulls the magnetic field as well.

Not sure about EVERYTHING he said, but...Damn good presentation of known facts, about Earth's magnetism!

Several years ago on top of Taum Sauk Mountain, lighting strikes to Trees were numerous beyond your average run of the mill Missouri Mt. Composition of the soil and rock atop Taum Sauk contained an inordinate content of Iron which obviously attracts the Lighting. Good times and thanks Dad.

Much better

@derek

6 жыл бұрын

glad we got that worked out! Thanks for your patience

@donghooncha6399

6 жыл бұрын

When the first video came out, i only had my right earphone plugged i thought it was about master volume lol

@donghooncha6399

6 жыл бұрын

Thank you for your reply and all of your highly educational videos!

8:40 Finally something Einstein wasn't right about. How refreshing!

@shahinasudheer8404

3 ай бұрын

There was something else he got wrong too. Introducing cosmological constant in a static model of universe. More refreshing lol

This simulation is just too damn complicated. No creater would create a simulation this sophisticated

Could the earth's natural magnetic field be replaced with an artificial magnetic field and if so what are some reasons that some may try it? Is that something that a facility like CERN could accomplish or do you think it would take many small hubs placed throughout the world?

The iron in the core is not magnetic because of the curie temperature. The theory here is based on its conductive properties. But the simple fact that no experimental setup with all varieties of rotating conductors has been able to create or even enhance a magnetic field, tells me that there is no understanding of planetary magnetic fields. Just admit that for once, please. The same lack of understanding goes for the phenomenon of differential rotation in planetary bodies and stars. Perhaps the two questions are connected?

@ronyvernet

4 жыл бұрын

We have high temperatures but also high pressures and a huge radial speed. With all this high energy involved many things can occur.

Or.... everything he said could be wrong. Planetary magnetic fields are a huge area that is unresolved.

@TheLeontheking

5 жыл бұрын

yes, that fact could have been more highlighted.. i think this is one of our greatest weaknesses, that we want the things we learned to be true. Look at the history.. whenever someone proposed a new concept that broke with establsished thinking, it always took a long while till that new concept even was considered to be true.. scientists have more ego than they generally admit, and more ego than is good for their studies.

@lorenzo20barnes12ahs

5 жыл бұрын

I agree

@IAMSTEVIERAYBITCH

5 жыл бұрын

Thank you that's the most truth I read on any of these sites so far. The truth is we don't know it's all speculations. It's very clear the scientist have no idea how a magnet really works if they're going to use it as a Cause at Earth's core.

@MatrixTerraPlana

5 жыл бұрын

Magnetic field is contrary to the rotation of the earth. Pseudoscience is BS

@thecritterguy

5 жыл бұрын

Everything he stated is supported by evidence. If you got something better Sean......you're more than free to have it examined by the scientific community.

The BEST talk I had in many years about this topic! The BEST references list I came across too!!!

Great explanation. Smart guy!

But did he answer your question about where the initial field comes from?!

@calinculianu

6 жыл бұрын

No, he did not. You know why? Because this professor sucks at explaining. He just likes to hear the sound of his own voice and to finish his diatribe undisturbed. He majorly pissed me off when he didn't stop to explain where the initial field comes from. He sucks.

@movax20h

6 жыл бұрын

Because the question is actually stupid, and explaining it would involve a lot of math and physics that is not related to the topic. Just take a look at defintion of unstable state, or take a look chaos theory, or instability, positive feedback mechanisms, spontanous symetry breaking, initial condition sensitivity, opamps, turbulence, convection, etc. In the esence, the initial field can be arbitrarly small, so small, that it is not possible to make it smaller in practice (space is always filled with some field, fields and matter and current fluctuations). That is enough to provide initial field, and eventually be huge field. From mathematical point of view it is like asking why it is raining today or not.

@mrjbexample

6 жыл бұрын

The Earth has small variations in current throughout its entire mass. These might come from reactions between elements, friction, or radioactive decay. The tiny currents have their own tiny magnetic fields, which get twisted and shifted by the turbulent flow in the Earth's outer core. Moving a magnetic field creates a current (Faraday's Law), so it becomes a larger current than the initial one, which in turn creates a stronger magnetic field, and so on. Normally there isn't a positive feedback loop, but the natural convection and 'sulfur' plumes are driving the whole process, converting their kinetic energy into magnetic/electric.

@Markle2k

6 жыл бұрын

+movax20h Also, the answer is in the companion video on the primary channel that was released a day after this one. Derek erred on the side of dramatic suspense.

@calinculianu

6 жыл бұрын

> movax20h1 day ago (edited) "Because the question is actually stupid, " The question is not stupid. This is a layman science video. STFU and GTFO with your elitist "is stupid" bullshit. There is no such thing as a stupid question. And lots of people were asking themselves that. You're stupid.

I highly encourage viewers to look for different explanations.

@peacelove6817

3 жыл бұрын

I am...trying to explain to a child and this was nonsense

@ChetanMayur

2 жыл бұрын

@@peacelove6817 😂

@fazdianafarhanats

2 жыл бұрын

He is talking nonsense. Earth is spinning.. Basically, the outer part of Earth is a solid inner part of it liquid with differentials in density, which causes differentials in turning speed eventually created magnetic field similar to dynamo.

@astaghfirullahalzimastaghf3648

2 жыл бұрын

What he really means is that .. Magnetic field of the earth Is coming from the magnetic field of a metal element of the periodic table or the interactions of those metallic elements creates the Earth's magnetic field

@rickevans3959

2 жыл бұрын

@@astaghfirullahalzimastaghf3648 some of his facts work some don't liquidity is probably a big nuclear reactor the earth is one big China syndrome

You mentioned the little inner spin of magnetized liquid metal,, is there a Coriolis effect present and wouldn’t that effect be shown on the deposited lava bed, making it appear that at one time in history, the magnetic poles flipped and could you explain the Milankovitch cycles and it’s wobbling effect on the earths inner liquid metal?

Here’s something for those people that ask questions about the inner core. It explain how we know the composition etc. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_inner_core

A good clickbait title for this could be "How Einstein was (probably) WRONG!" :P

@lowlize

6 жыл бұрын

This wouldn't be the only time he's been wrong. Einstein was a genius, but still a human.

@storyspren

6 жыл бұрын

Of course, but him being famous as a genius makes people forget that. Hence, perfect clickbait.

@lythsian

6 жыл бұрын

A good click bait would be "Veritasium uploads a clip about anything"

@culwin

6 жыл бұрын

9 Crazy Reasons You're Alive (Number 7 only 90's kids will remember!!!!)

@nikiwiki2006

5 жыл бұрын

Storyspren His Special and General relativity are correct though. And proven!

Dejavu.

@derek

6 жыл бұрын

but not dejaentendu

@tjoms182

6 жыл бұрын

I've just been in this place before

@professoroak3411

6 жыл бұрын

Lordious I'm back

@maracachucho8701

6 жыл бұрын

Higher on the streets

@edthoreum7625

6 жыл бұрын

seen the black cat again?

Where can i find more videos explained by this professor

It was a good explanation, and now I understand that the existing magnetic field amplifies itself by liquid current (kinda, I hope?), but I'm still missing where that initial magnetic field came from... Also to maybe give a better idea of plate tectonics, it's not as slow as suggested. The solid part of the mantle is very slow, as said in the video, but the partially molten zone (astenosphere) just below the earth's crust moves faster due to thermic convection :)

I didn't get how he moved from the cooling Earth to the magnetic field at 04:14

There are absolutely no magnetic fields in super hot liquid metal...quite the opposite. These areas of Earth are where the magnetic field of the Earth is DESTROYED. That's why flying over volcanic areas diminishes the effects of your compass, and it might stop working altogether if you ask the pilot to take you in closer. And if you were to fly over a volcano, and drop a 10pound Nimh grade 40 Nib bar magnet into the mouth of the volcano, that bar magnet wouldn't even stick to a refrigerator seconds later...The Heat of the Volcano would destroy that bar magnet's properties in a HEARTBEAT> I guess I need to be teaching at UCLA instead of this clown....Because even I know the basics of magnetism, and I am just an old skool skater. This problem of heat destroying a magnetic field is also more than likely the actual cause of crashes in and around the Bermuda Triangle Area....I believe that whole area is riddled with Volcanoes, and yes your compass would go haywire because those volcanoes destroy magnetic fields, and therefore would make your compass not function properly while flying over those areas. Just sayin. I could also teach everyone how to gain acceleration and torque using solid magnets...and show everyone how to keep them cool so they retain their power during the run cycles. But I guess kids these days would rather hear about Lava flow and crustal friction making a magnet in the oven of the Earth...Wow!

@pacthegreatest

5 жыл бұрын

i know nothing about magnets but you must be right because the magnetic poles are in the coldest places of the earth. can you explain in a simple way. thank you

@dr.davidbannerf.e.s.6217

5 жыл бұрын

@@pacthegreatest Ok, there's a couple of ways to look at it....Let's say we apply heat to get grease off of a pan using dishwashing liquid....Bingo we "loosened the bond" the grease had on the pan's surface...whereas cold water didn't loosen it as much. Or....we could look at it from strictly a movement perspective...like in the way that if something is frozen it stays the way it is...with very little movement...versus heating it up, excites it, loosens it, stops it from staying the way it is...it will melt down in fact if we keep going hotter. So this would destroy the magnets ability to keep or maintain itself....Staying the way it is, and not being excited, moving faster, loosening up, and eventually losing all bonds that hold them together until the magnet is melted completely and becomes it's base elements of nickel, iron, and boron. I suppose you could say that heat loosens the bonds these three metals or materials have between each other in set patterns forming the pole of the magnet...whereas even passing heat close to the magnet will dissipate it's field in that area...until the magnet itself heats up, and the bonds which created that shape of field and pattern start to change and that's when it's no longer a magnet. So a better explanation for the situation of the Earth is that magnetic layer deep under the ground is below the lava layer somehow, and those areas where the lava comes to the surface, are areas where we experience the magnetic field of the area below the lava being disrupted. This would explain airplane crashes in the ocean around the ring of fire, or where a lot of volcanoes are located....The lava is destroying the magnetic field coming from below, making the field strength below be weaker in that area for our instruments, and they give false readings and pilots accidentally crash the plane.

@pacthegreatest

5 жыл бұрын

@@dr.davidbannerf.e.s.6217 thank you for your time. I will read more about it. I will contact you in the near future to discuss this fascinating phenomenon.

@bubblegum-iz8zu

3 жыл бұрын

I don’t see how the distortion of the plane’s radar can cause it to crash. The altitude of the plane is way above mountains and the radar system isn’t what’s controlling or keeping the motor from running, the radar system is magnetic and for navigating while the motor is mechanic and is irrelevant to the radar system or magnetism.

Veratasium always amazing!🔥☄️⚡

8:24 Walter M. Elsasser was an amazing man, and very much ahead of his time.

So clear, now that’s a good teacher

@sahibjot01

6 жыл бұрын

scottseptember1992 sarcasm right ?

@scottseptember1992

6 жыл бұрын

Oi paji, I am not being sarcastic, he really did explain it well with pictures

@crazedvidmaker

6 жыл бұрын

I really urge you to reconsider what criteria you use to decide whether you've understood something. I'm a physicist and to me this looked like absolute nonsense. It really appeals to Veritasium's recent video where he explored how people would say they were "displeased and confused" when they had actually learned but said they were "content and fully understood" when they hadn't learned anything.

What about all of those youtube videos of people seeing if liquid iron is still magnetic? (it's not). Wouldn't the iron that moves outward from the solid center lose its magnetic field when transitioning from solid to liquid?

@raykent3211

6 жыл бұрын

Matkat Music copper is not magnetic but a current flowing through it produces a magnetic field. This explanation relies on the fact that a current flowing through a conductor (copper, aluminium, iron.....) produces a magnetic field without any need for the material being permanently magnetisable. If the core stopped spinning the earth's magnetic field would pretty much vanish, apart from some stuff in the crust such as lodestone.

@Q_QQ_Q

6 жыл бұрын

If earth gets it magnetic field due to iron core and liquid fermi stuff in core then how does gas giants like Jupitar and saturn have magnetic fields ?

@SebastianScholle

6 жыл бұрын

Google the electric universe. you will find many answers

@Markle2k

6 жыл бұрын

+Sebastian Scholle Many mutually exclusive answers that conflict with the evidence and no solutions.

@alejandrinos

6 жыл бұрын

The gas giants have solid cores.

If I were to try to put this in my own words: so it's the Coriolis effect caused by the Earth's rotation acting on the magnetic elements in the earth's core in a very similar way to how it acts on the Earth's atmosphere to cause rotating storms? And from that movement, which should mostly be in the same direction within a hemisphere but opposite between the hemispheres, generates the magnetic field?

Thanks Veritasium, good content