Geothermal power plant uses hydrothermal energy of the earth for heating as well as electricity production. What is this hydrothermal energy resource? So it is an energy source which has both water and heat, the heat beneath the earth (magma) is used to heat the water present inside the earth. The hydrothermal resources are bring to the surface of the earth by dry wells and hot water wells. The temperature that is required for the working of GTPP is 149 to 371 C (300 to 700 F). The hot water first brought to the surface and then it is converted into steam; the steam is then strikes on the turbine blades and rotates it. Generator is coupled with the turbine shaft, so it also rotates with the turbine and produces electricity.
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In dry steam power plant, direct steam from the geothermal reservoir is used to turn the turbine and generator to produce electricity. The temperature of the geothermal steam needed in this plant is atleast 150 degreee Celsius.
Main Components of Geothermal Power Plant:
1. Hydrothermal resources: It is a source which has both heat and water. In the earth crust we have both water and heat (magma).
2. Dry or hot water wells: These are the wells through which the dry steam and hot water from the earth is taken out. If dry steam is taken out than it is called as dry steam well and if hot water is taken out through it than it is called as hot water well.
3. Steam Separator: It is a separating device which is used to separate steam from hot water.
4. Turbine: It is rotating device which converts the kinetic energy of the fast moving steam into rotational energy (i.e. Mechanical energy).
5. Generator: It is coupled to the turbine shaft and converts mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical energy.
6. Steam Condenser: It condenses the exhaust steam from the turbine and changes it to water.
7. Injection Well: It is the well which is drilled in the earth to inject the condensed water again into the earth crust.
Working:
1. The hot magma present inside the earth heats the water present in the earth. The temperature of the water increases upto 182 degree Celsius and even more.
2. The hot high pressure water, due to its own pressure moves upward in the hot water well. As the water reaches to the surface of the earth, its temperature increases and some of the hot water changes to steam.
3. This hot water is collected in the steam separator. The steam separator is a container of low pressure where most of the hot water gets converted into steam and rest will be separate out as water.
4. The steam produced in the steam separator is allowed to strike on the blades of the turbine. As this high pressures steam strikes the blades of the turbine, it starts rotating. The generator coupled with the turbine also rotates and electricity is produced.
5. The exhaust steam from the turbine which has low pressure sent to the low pressure turbine where it is further used to produce electricity.
6. The exhaust steam is than enters into the condenser where it gets converted into water.
7. Finally the water from the steam separator and condenser is collected together and sent back to the ground through injection well to reuse it again for power generation.
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