So this video is very different then most of my videos, rather than showing how to do something, i talk about why something happens. Do you guys like the format? Is my presentation technique okay? A lot of times, expaining why something is requires a very different style and approach then showing how to do something. On a different note, this video had a funny origin: I was originally just trying to demonstrate dissolving platinum with electricity. Then during the video i answered why it worked with hydrochloric acid, but not sulfuric. Then i realized people would ask why it wouldn't work with nitric acid, and answered that. Then i anticipated that people would ask whether it would work with gold. Eventually, the whole video morphed into this long lesson about how all the acids interact in aqua regia. So i changed it from "dissolve platinum with electricity" to "How does aqua regia dissolve gold and platinum"

@piranha031091

Жыл бұрын

I do like that new format! ^^

@SwegRhino

Жыл бұрын

As an incoming graduate student in chemistry, I love any explanations videos provide! I still clearly remember your explanation of ortho/para directing effects and hyper conjunction from your p-toluene sulfonic acid video when I was an undergraduate. Hope you do more of these!

@manickn6819

Жыл бұрын

Thanks. I have wondered this for ages since I learnt about aqua regia in school may moons ago.

@jonhu4127

Жыл бұрын

This is a really fascinating dive into why the chemistry works. I like it. Also, these kinds of teaching videos probably don't require a full lab but might help you fund the acquisition of the space and tools you need to get a new one set up. Sounds like a win-win to me

@redmadness265

Жыл бұрын

How to's do sound nice

In Germany, even at the university level, it is still being taught that the chlorine in aqua regia is in a 'nascent state' and that's why it can dissolve gold - same thing with hydrogen and dissolving-metal reductions. It's so frustrating to be taught a theory over a hundred years out of date! Even on wikipedia the english article states it is an obsolete theory while the german article acts as though it's still totally accurate. Thank you for correctly explaining the real reason in this video.

@roydunn2865

Жыл бұрын

Boyle felt the same. In some of his books he'd rant about how Alchemists taught him wrong, it was kind of funny .

@borttorbbq2556

Жыл бұрын

Yeah unfortunately the academic Community can sometimes be a little bit slow on the pickup. Sometimes they're quick sometimes it is agonizingly slow.

@SuperAngelofglory

Жыл бұрын

surprisingly, the Wikipedia page in Romanian gives the correct explanation (I say surprisingly because here changes happen a lot slower than on the German pages most often)

@stefangadshijew1682

Жыл бұрын

This indeed surprises me a lot, isn't it clearly stated in Jander Blasius that it's the complexing action of chloride ions? I learned it like that around 2005, so this is definitely not new information in german academia.

@Halal_Dan

Жыл бұрын

Free college moment

Babe wake up, NurdRage's dropped another video.

@csn583

Жыл бұрын

Tell me you have nothing to add to the conversation without telling me:

@JinMori07_

Жыл бұрын

@@csn583 who hurt you lmfao

@cxpKSip

Жыл бұрын

But babe, it is midnight.

@ZozManGamer

Жыл бұрын

I watch him since 2011

@jeffthechef69

Жыл бұрын

Oh my God I knew about this guy a decade ago I never knew he was still making videos thank you for existing still

Great video!

@rawhamburgerjoe

Жыл бұрын

Wooot! Hi Cody.

@IceBergGeo

Жыл бұрын

Glad to see you're still around, Codydon!

@Pain-pr4rw

Жыл бұрын

Here I am thinking that one of my favorite niche channels has put out a video, only to realize it can’t be niche if Cody is watching it.

@IceBergGeo

Жыл бұрын

@@Pain-pr4rw with ¾ of a million followers, he's not that niche... ;)

@idothings6685

Жыл бұрын

@@Pain-pr4rw yeah man 800K subs, this guy is so niche.

We missed you. Hoping 2023 is successful for you and your channel with hopefully plenty of new videos ! Could you make a oleum video. I spent a small fortune a few months ago on oleum and would be interested in seeing you find an efficient way to make it in the lab .

@NurdRage

Жыл бұрын

Making small amounts of Oleum is not too hard for the amateur. but what do you need it for? It's viciously reactive and dangerous so i like to couple it with a use so it doesn't seem like i'm needlessly endangering life.

@Palmit_

Жыл бұрын

@@NurdRage i can't comment on the subject, i odnt know what it is lol. but simply a two or more part video?. up to the consumer to mix the parts.??

@EdwardTriesToScience

Жыл бұрын

there are actually quite a few methods of oleum preparation in the lab, the most common being the dehydration of sulfuric acid with P2O5 to first form SO3 which is then dissolved in sulfuric acid, but it is costly due to the P2O5, a method which has been proven to work as well, and not on the difficulty of decomposing sodium pyrosulfate is using polyphosphoric acid prepared by boiling phosphoric acid for an hour, but the issue is that it eats your glassware and the phosphoric acid needs to be heated very strongly to have any dehydrating effect, this is something I have been trying to solve but I just could not get it right

@RaExpIn

Жыл бұрын

@@NurdRage I used it to make iodine cations, which is quite interesting. And it can be used to make chlorosulfonic acid, which violently reacts with organic matter. Nevertheless, I get the point of "What's a good or reasonable use of it?"...

@stefangadshijew1682

Жыл бұрын

@@NurdRage Sulfonating electron-rich aromatic compounds should be a legitimate use. You could get pyridin-3-sulfonic acid with oleum at 320 °C , which I suggest nobody should do in their home lab. EDIT: Apparently, catalytic mercury(II)-sulfate makes this reaction less thermally and more toxically dangerous. I'm reasonably sure that there are some water soluble coloring agents that are accesible by sulfonation with oleum. If you have any interest in actually persuing this, I could look some procedures up. Oleum is quite interestingly dangerous. Have some ancient oleum around at work, I think I'll never have a need for it in my life.

I used to watch these videos like every day when I was in highschool back when you were making glow sticks and Nuka cola bottles and I completely forgot about this channel but it's really good to see you're still making videos to educate people and show them how cool chemistry actually is

I am sitting in an assay lab at a palladium mine watching this video. I have samples digesting right now using aqau regia. Nice to now know how it all comes together. Great video. Cheers!

The mechanisms are quite fascinating, ive always found it easier to remember why something is than just the fact. Understanding is the best way to learn.

One demonstration I'd like to see is gold in aqua regia compared with silver in aqua regia. Given how aqua regia attacks gold, despite it being particularly un reactive, it'd be easy to assume that it'd react with silver even more violently, but that ultimately isn't the case due to the presence of chloride. It'd be another fun demo of chemistry's rock-paper-scissors nature.

@computercat8694

Жыл бұрын

Hi

@EddSjo

Жыл бұрын

@@computercat8694 shut

@computercat8694

Жыл бұрын

@@EddSjo No u

@jannovak6987

10 ай бұрын

me too, please @NurdRage consider making a video of aqua regia on gold vs silver comparison

Thanks: A couple of years ago while working on my Wife's car (a used car) I found a mans gold band ring under the carpet. 'So go to the Pawn Shop; NO!' I reacted it with Aqua Regia and made a few grams of chloroauric acid, did several HCl boilings to get rid of the nitric acid and vacuum dried it. Now I have some nice canary yellow crystal. How can life be any better, Cheers, Mark PS: Keep plugging

@edgeeffect

Жыл бұрын

That's the best way to obtain expensive reagents... find them. :)

@markbell9742

Жыл бұрын

@@edgeeffect Yeah-Boy ! The ring had no particular meaning to me, but I love the crystals of chloroauric acid that come from it. Now if I can just figure out how to convert brass to, . . . . never mined! Cheers, Mark

Would have been nice to also hear about Mercury, and it's ability to eat gold, and then be able to distil off the Mercury.

I like the -ditailed walk through the thought process of answering the question in developing steps- structure of the video, and the visual presentation of consequences of statements. I enganged in the video and learned something.

This format is great. I'd be completely happy to watch more like this.

I would love to see NurdRage Collab with NileRed one day. The chemical chaos the world needs.

The format is great and presentation is perfect!👍

Have a good New Year NurdRage. I’ve been checking out screetips, refining his old jewelry. Like your mind reader. Cheers.

Loving both formats, honestly. Thanks a lot, it's always a good day when you upload new content :)

Great video. Nice to see you back. I really like this format,

This is the best science channel on KZread. I'm glad to see you back again!

Welcome back, hope your life stabilised and you will find joy in sharing projects with us again!

Hi Nurd!!! super interensting, thanks for explain the process with the reactions, your videos are one motivation for me. Happy new year from Argentina!

Thank you. Happy new year.

Loving the new format!

That was actually very interesting. Always wondered why Aqua Regia could do what the individual ingredients alone could not, but apparently couldn't be bothered to get off my butt to actually look into why. And I have to admit, it is a little painful watching those precious metals being dissolved. I know it's a small matter for you to get them back. But it is still a little painful to watch, especially these days. Lol...

Great to see you! Hope you have a Happy & Healthy New Year !

Hurray! He is back! Happy new year!

3:00 "we also would be dead" that me laugh surprisinglytoo much.

Really appreciate the effort and detail. Great video.

So glad you are back!!!!

So happy you are not gone! Been a while since last time KZread recommended me a video of yours.

Almost can’t believe I’ve been watching your videos for a decade now and there still perfect

Welcome back again I really enjoy the yearly visits from you

Beautiful explanation.

Nice video! I was also successfull dissolving gold using a mixture of 31% HCl and only 12% H202. Worked just as fine, just had to be heated a lot.

Wow, My Curiosity, answered in thorough detail. Including some of the Alternate sources that can be used.

I've been wondering this since I read about aqua regia in a set of encyclopedias we had as a kid, Compton's. Thank you!

Great video. You can actually use the Nernst Equation (E=E°-(RT/nF)lnQ) and a simple table of reduction potentials for the two reactions you show at 0:56 to calculate what concentrations of HCl and HNO3 are required to dissolve platinum and gold. At even somewhat dilute (less than 1M) concentrations, it becomes non-spontaneous.

This was a great video, thanks for the information and examples.

Love your chemistry videos man. Please do more videos

Awesome very thorough and much appreciated!!😇

What a coincidence on the timing of this video! I want to electroplate a copper ring with platinum as I go about constructing a ring for my partner of 6 years. I have a few grams of platinum metal and a little aqua regia, so not enough to really experiment and figure it out myself. I thought that if I dissolve the platinum with aqua regia to make chloroplatinic acid, and then electrolyse the solution with a carbon anode and copper ring cathode, then the chloroplatinic acid should plate the copper ring with platinum. But if the aqua regia dissolves platinum it would surely dissolve the copper ring during the electrolysis... so a higher pH would probably be needed but... this is where my chemical knowledge on electroplating ends. If you NurdRage or anyone else has knowledge on this or could link me to an article (I have done quite a bit of googling to no avail) you would be awesome.

Back to your best I feel, have a great new year.

Nurdrage uploaded, it truly is a happy new year

I will drop everything to watch NileRed, Explosion and Fire, and your videos. I hope you know how grateful we all are 😊

Just watched the cooled icecubes in liquid nitrogen. Was happy to see store still going!

Thanks for uploading this video after pondering on it. :)

Great to see Nurdy bouncing Chemistry around again ! Nice one. It's a Good Day when there's a new NurdRage video ;)

"The ultimate oxidant: Electricity!"

Haven't been notified of your uploads unfortunately even though I'm subbed and got the bell on. Good to see you're still around!

YES. Welcome back! We missed you!

Well welcome back!! Long time no see!!!

I haven't got a Nurdrage recommendation in like 4 years !

Glad to see you’re okay!

Thanks for sharing

ok the electricity bit was new for me so thanks

SUPER GOOD. Great topic, interesting, obvious question that goes unask.

You hit the nail on the head with this - to dissolve a noble metal, you need an oxidizer and a complexing agent. Interestingly acidic conditions aren't required - the most common leaching solution in gold mining is a slightly alkaline solution of cyanide (strong complexing agent) with atmospheric oxygen bubbled in as the oxidant, dissolving the gold to form gold(I) cyanide. To reduce the toxicity for home experiments, thiosulfate or thiourea can also be used in place of cyanide. These are all much slower than aqua regia, but it works given enough patience.

the goat is finally back

Holy shit so glad to see you uploading! Been subscribed since chem 101 five years ago, and now I've passed swimmingly up through pchem. Your videos have inspired me to thoroughly study the material and also to buy enough glassware that the fbi is prolly watching me 😅 many thanks for keeping this channel going and cheers to the future 🍻

@SharpAssKnittingNeedles

Жыл бұрын

Soxhelet extractor gang represent!

ec 30 2022 a very welcome vid' for diving into how and why of the reactions that occur at the molecular level. this understanding is in line with what i am trying to learn w/ NP and RP chromatography. this vid' will be re-viewed many more times. as an aside , ... at Boeing , plant 2 , south of Seattle my long ago job had me take samples of a gold-plating solution for PCB's. when the advisor showed me what to do he mentioned in passing not to breathe the visible gray fumes that arose on adding a base reagent to the solution. somehow i remembered that gold is soluble in a cyanide solution. once it ppt'd and dried it was weighed. and with this data the plating solution gold conc' could be determined. now i live in colorado and just 22 miles north via a 'gold - belt' road is Cripple Creek where modern methods using a spray of cyanide solution is in use to recover the gold missed out by methods used in the 1890's the original assay lab / office is still there on display to visit and fathom the lab work it took to get an answer.

I had this doubt too.

Damn I love this Chanel!

Happy to follow you for more than 10 years 😃

"We would also be dead" I absolutely lost it

Hadn't really thought about it before, but it makes sense that complexation would play a big role in driving the reaction forward. This makes me wonder if it would be possible to dissolve noble metals using electricity in solutions of strong chelating agents, like EDTA or DOTA. Crown Thioethers might be even better, heavy metals tend to really like binding to sulfur.

Wait, when did NerdRage come back!

YES! THE MAN THE MYTH THE LEGEND IS BACK!

yes the boss is back!!

Holy shit, the man lives yet!!

Very good explanation. I hope you do more like this. Also, speaking of chlorates and the promised part 2: I read, that industrially, they bubble Cl2 through hot Hydroxide, making ClO- which disproportionates into ClO3-. Could a divided setup like this enable the more efficient reaction without PH control? Could it also allow for less demanding electrolysis conditions or skipping the electrolysis outright in favor of pool chemicals?

I used to use Hexachloroplatinic acid hexahydrate to make the catalyst for curing silicon polymers via vinyl-hydride bonds, so this video was extra interesting. There'd be about $250,000 (in 1990's dollars) swirling around in pot when I made that stuff, so I would brood over the reaction like a hen on her eggs. The unreacted chemical was orange and would clump into jelly-belly sized and shaped lumps. If I didn't know any better, I'd try to eat one.

@christopherleubner6633

Жыл бұрын

Forbidden every flavor jelly beans 😅

CodysLab made a great explanation of this in Minecraft.

Near the end I was almost sure you were going to bring up hydrofluoric acid instead of hydrobromic. I'm wondering if that would work, too, assuming the container held up.

@sargon6000

Жыл бұрын

Doesn't HF tend to passivate some metals?

@stefangadshijew1682

Жыл бұрын

@@sargon6000 HF passivates a lot of metals, but gold should actually yield soluble complexes. No expert on it though.

I have seen some people here in india using sodium chloride and Nitric acid mix with some amount of H2SO4 to form complex I think here the NaCl act as Chloride source and the mix is able to form complexes ! Can you go or we go with exact process ?

The fact the products of the reaction are more stable than the reactants does not imply the reaction will occur if the activation energy is high. That's the difference between thermodynamic and kinetic control of the reaction.

Awesome video! Doesit work with HF?

God, stop the world from spinning for a sec... NurdRage just uploaded and I need to focus.

H2O2 is a common substitute for HNO3 in gold refining

KZread changed forever the day we first heard "Greetings, fellow nurds"

I always thought there was an equilibrium reaction between Au + HNO3 and Au(NO3)3 that strongly favoured Au and that HCl drove the reaction towards completion by reacting with Au(NO3)3 to form AuCl3 that was complexed away as HAuCl4

Nice video. What about sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid?

OMG...he's back!!!!!!

I audibly gasped when you chucked a 1oz bar of platinum into beaker. Just more than $1000 getting chemically dissolved, no biggie.

interesting? bro this WAS the bomb! holy shit it was insanely goood

Your uploads may be rare, but I still get excited to see them in my feed. Quality over quantity.

Selenic acid, cyanide solutions and dichlorine hexoxide also attack gold

Another nerd rage video fuck yeah. Good to see you back bro hope you're doing all right.

@borttorbbq2556

Жыл бұрын

If I recall correctly it is not that difficult to oxidize these metals the problem is that these oxides are not really reactive with with most but these oxides can be reactive with other compounds which can strip them off essentially which exposes more new metal so essentially as long as one of the acids can oxidize the metal and the other can react with either byproducts or that oxide layer it can react and strip that material off but of course I'm not a chemist and I have the most rudimentary understanding of chemistry so I'm probably wrong but this is me before watching this so I'm just kind of curious to see how close I am I don't know the exact reactions obviously but is the basic idea at least rights I will see. I'm stoned so I'm sorry for my ramble I live in Washington it's legal here

@borttorbbq2556

Жыл бұрын

Not really

Maybe perchloric acid would work? It is an acid with oxidising properties, after all.

Does H2O2 work as an oxidizing agent? Or HF as a complexing agent?

Try it with hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. Wonder if it would be more or less vigorous.

Would love to see I/I2 action on platinum

Can you also do a video on notation and the role of sulphuric acid? I have an idea but no formal reaffirmation from any source

Yes

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

If it is the combination of oxidant and complexing agent that facilitates the dissolution, and a strong acid is not even required, would a mixture of H2O2 and potassium cyanide also work? Or is a high pH necessary for the stability of the platinum complexes to form, maybe even for kinetic rather than thermodynamic reasons?

I have tried to electrolyze concentrated sulfuric acid with platinum as an electrode (at high voltage), but I don't know what substance will be generated after the free water is removed at the most, and can it eventually become oleum or something others?

Now @Cody'sLab is going to extract the trace platinum from 5lbs of commercially produced chlorate.

Yo, you made me think of a couple interesting questions: if we were on a planet with a chlorine atmosphere what metals would be precious there? Would anything not precious here suddenly become precious there?

Would you be interested in showing fractional destillatiom of wood and plastic tar ?

NurdRage please do a video on rhodium salts converted into rhodium metal……..🙏