How do Digital and Analog Clocks Work?

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Have you ever wondered how a clock signal that ticks once every few nanoseconds is generated? A billion times a second clock would indeed be an impossible feat a hundred years ago. But, you'd be surprised to find that the clock inside your smartphone is rather identical to an analog wall clock that ticks through the seconds, minutes, and hours of the day. In this video, we explore an analog clock's gear train, the quartz crystal oscillator, the feedback loops for this oscillator, and then how a gigahertz signal is produced using a phase-locked loop.
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Website: www.branch.education
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Table of Contents:
00:00 - Digital Clocks vs Analog Clocks
01:13 - The $10 Wall Clock
02:05 - Gears in the Geartrain
03:40 - Crystal Oscillator and Piezoelectric Effect
05:58 - Resonance Frequency
06:51 - Circuitry Inside a Wall Clock
08:13 - Fast and Slow Clocks
09:04 - Learning With Brilliant
10:40 - A Smartphone's Gigahertz Clock Signal
14:24 - Frequency Divider
15:04 - Thank You to Patreon & KZread Memberships
Erratum:
Animation: Eikonic Design
Research / Script: Teddy Tablante
Software Consultant: Andrea Ciani
/ @andrea_ciani
Modeling: Prakash Kakadiya
Voice Over: Phil Lee
Sound Design: www.drilu.mx
Sound Effects and Music Editor: Luis Huesca
Supervising Sound Editor and Mixer: Luis Huesca
Animation built using Blender 4.0.1 www.blender.org/
References:
Quartz Crystal Oscillators
www.electronics-tutorials.ws/...
Quartz tuning Fork Resonator Teardown
softsolder.com/2017/03/24/qua...
Teardown of a Quartz Crystal Oscillator and the Tiny IC Inside
www.righto.com/2021/02/teardo...
What is Piezoelectric Effect?
www.circuitbread.com/ee-faq/w...
Wikipedia contributors. "Crystal Oscillator". "Electronic Oscillator." "Phase Locked Loop." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Visited December 21nd 2023
#Clocks #PiezoelectricEffect #Digital

Пікірлер: 620

  • @user-hn3xy5ft4q
    @user-hn3xy5ft4q3 ай бұрын

    I never thought that the working of a simple clock would be so complicated. It seriously makes me wonder how many things I take for granted.

  • @nathanieljames7462

    @nathanieljames7462

    3 ай бұрын

    There is nothing in this life that can't be further explored to great satisfaction if you're a permanent student at heart.

  • @justinsemple7454

    @justinsemple7454

    3 ай бұрын

    Think about how unobtainable clocks have been throughout human history. We used to make clock towers because no one could individually own a clock. Grandfather clocks where once seen as miraculously small and compact. There was a period of time when people with pocket watches got paid to wake up people for work because no one else had a clock. It was a dangerous job because you could get mugged for your pocket watch if people realized you where carrying one. In retrospect it's kinda insane that we have extremely accurate clocks on so many electronics.

  • @nathanieljames7462

    @nathanieljames7462

    3 ай бұрын

    @@justinsemple7454 It always blows my mind to think of how astonishing a grandfather clock is and how combersome and clumsy it is compared to the amazing pocketwatch which is so bulky and inaccurate compared to the brilliance of a modern wrist watch which is nowhere near as precise as the Cesium-133 clocks nearly every device on Earth is miraculously syncronized with. These things fire me up for life and get me so hyped for our future! Against the odds of our self-limiting systems human are ever increasingly amazing and we're only getting started!

  • @Armetron

    @Armetron

    3 ай бұрын

    Something that I occasionally think about is if one day we lose everything, how long would it be until we can reach our current state?

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    @benjammin9745

    3 ай бұрын

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    @VagnerGon3 ай бұрын

    The animation and production quality increased a lot! Amazing work, as usual

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    @jb_labs3 ай бұрын

    I love this channel. Usually, channels will just leave it at "it's complicated but let's assume it works". The fact that the team takes the time to explain everything and have wonderful visuals along side it is so refreshing and much more useful. Thank you Branch Education!

  • @BranchEducation

    @BranchEducation

    3 ай бұрын

    Wow, thank you!

  • @DavidEzequielPerez

    @DavidEzequielPerez

    14 күн бұрын

    Absolutely agree! ❤🎉

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    @theromanian81943 ай бұрын

    This channel has better production quality than Discovery, you guys set a new standard. Thanks for all the awesome content.

  • @ItamiPlaysGuitar
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    As an engineering student in electronics, this is one of the best content put. The design, sfx etc are so cool

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    It feels illegal to watch such realistic graphics, subscription-worthy content for free

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    You have no idea how important those kind of videos, explaining how electronics work are. This should be the most popular KZread channel. If that many people would enjoy watching you as much as they watch MrBeast, the world would be a much better place.

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    @ymaizosz

    3 ай бұрын

    Yes. Isn't it sad to see the truth that there are less people whom want to learn compared to people whom want to just watch something funny/stupid to waste their time?

  • @Heroo01

    @Heroo01

    3 ай бұрын

    @@ymaizosz you could not come off more pretentious if you tried. People derive enjoyment from different things. We should consider ourselves lucky that we have so much fun while learning.

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    @priyanshu9513

    3 ай бұрын

    world would be a much better place. I doubt it.

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    3 ай бұрын

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    The quality of this channel is truly rare on KZread. Yall are doing incredible work

  • @minecrabro
    @minecrabro3 ай бұрын

    didn’t realize how complicated clocks were. very interesting

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  • @syedhaadimansoor9022
    @syedhaadimansoor90223 ай бұрын

    Being an electrical engineer who spent hours understanding these concept via books and class lectures on white boards. I applaud you sir for breaking things down to such simplicity and easy to swallow portions. Honestly I am amazed how you made these concepts so digestible. Concept + design + real world example of the concept, this is not something everyone can do. Wow! Lots of love and respect! 🙇‍♂️ Keep up the amazing work! P.S. I am certain, if universities would teach the concepts in this manner, students would be able to not only understand concepts much better, they would be more skillful graduates than they currently are.

  • @alexlowe2054
    @alexlowe20543 ай бұрын

    One of the best educational channels on KZread. Beautiful animations with just enough detail to understand the concepts, while moving fast enough that you can cover complex topics quickly. Giving all the keywords allows people to do their own more detailed research if they want to. Quick question: How does the time setting gear slip (3:20) without causing damage to the gear system? It looks like the minute gear is composed of two parts, which allows it to slip without damaging the gear, but it's not completely clear how the gears stay connected while still allowing them to slip. On another note, I've researched this topic before. Conceptually, I understand the feedback loop and signal multiplier, but I think I'm missing enough knowledge of electrical circuits to understand how to actually build and design one of these circuits myself. I guess I'll just be thankful that these types of circuits come in integrated packages so I don't ever need to design one myself.

  • @BranchEducation

    @BranchEducation

    3 ай бұрын

    Yeah- it's a really great question and while I don't have 100% the definitive answer, my theory is that it comes down to the difference of torque. When the electromagnet is driving, due to the heavy gear reduction, there's a lot more torque. This is similar to how when you drive a manual car in a lower gear, you have more torque for pulling heavy objects. Whereas if you're pulling something in a higher gear, you have less torque, and the wheels are more likely to slip (which is like driving the clock gears from the time setting gear).

  • @pratyushjayachandran

    @pratyushjayachandran

    3 ай бұрын

    The adjustment wheel when turned causes one of the gears to slip up or down and go out of mesh with the rest of the gear train. I presume, it is to prevent driving the motor/magnet which turns the assembly at very high speeds. Since one swoop of adjustment wheel will translate to hundreds of rotations, that too within a fraction of second. It is a bit difficult explain but if you open one up you will understand why. You can feel the slack when you jiggle the adjustment wheel.

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    @alexanderx333 күн бұрын

    I absolutely love that, when any other expainer would skip details, this channel does not. It kind of intersperces stuff you know you understand in between the stuff your confused about/learning.

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    @VarunGupta30093 ай бұрын

    I'm grateful for the fact that you explained everything down to the smallest of details and so exhaustively. Just amazing!

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    2 ай бұрын

    and mysterious

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    @wilhelmbittrich883 ай бұрын

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  • @littlekirby6
    @littlekirby63 ай бұрын

    That phase locked loop portion was a great explainer. I'm an electrical engineer and I learned about feedback systems, but the PLL was never part of any of my courses. I've heard about it and seen diagrams, but never got a good explanation of how it magically multiplies frequencies and stays stable. The phase comparator portion still seems like a mystery to me though

  • @envivomedia
    @envivomedia3 ай бұрын

    Fascinating that such a simple device as a wall clock has such a technical operation. The quality of your animations is beyond anything I have seen on any education channel. It's absolutely incredible and unbelievable you're spending the time to create this. Thank you!

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    @mohamedaminebouneb91473 ай бұрын

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  • @D.Renera
    @D.Renera2 ай бұрын

    This video is mind-blowing! I never knew how complex and fascinating the mechanism of a clock is. The way you explained the science, and the engineering behind it was so clear and engaging. You deserve millions of views and subscribers for this quality content. Thank you for sharing your knowledge and passion with us!

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    @hasancakir89323 ай бұрын

    What an incredible explenation of timing and oscilations with simple graphics. Amazing job!

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    @surajvkothari3 ай бұрын

    The background soothing music and delightful sound effects are a wonderful subtle touch to what is a masterpiece educational video.

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    @uberhobo23 ай бұрын

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    @abhiramreddy7903 ай бұрын

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  • @LolKillization
    @LolKillization3 ай бұрын

    how much mathematcis and ingenious engineering is present in clocks is as unbelievable and incredible as the visuals you deliver in each of your videos. the explanations were also as always fantastic

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    @ayoubachak21543 ай бұрын

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    @jellyfishnexus31323 ай бұрын

    The quality of these animations is on another level. Keep up the good work!

  • @BenjaminJex
    @BenjaminJex3 ай бұрын

    I knew that quartz crystals were how we kept time, but I didn’t realize that it’s really just a precise delaying mechanism, and that the core is an inverter logic loop. Neat! Thanks for filling in the details

  • @asafullah3065
    @asafullah30652 ай бұрын

    Beautifully animated, eloquently explained! I have always wondered how clocks work ever since the time I opened up a clock and found the tuning fork. This video cleared up all my questions. Thank you so much!

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    @fatihsonmez3 ай бұрын

    The animation quality of this channel is just amazing!

  • @bluesky_oo73
    @bluesky_oo73Ай бұрын

    That was the best video explaining the working of a clock on the whole internet. As a student preparing for my entrance exam for my dream university your content might not be that useful for me, but it sure intrigues me a lot and I fell in love with engineering even before I enrolled into it, just because of these thoroughly visualized 4k Audio visuals explaining the basic ideas behind the complex machines. I truly admire your work, keep making many such videos 😊😊

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    @hozak55Ай бұрын

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  • @discoverymoi
    @discoverymoi3 ай бұрын

    It was always easy for me to understand the mechanic parts of a wall clock, it’s pretty much the same mechanism of a simple manual car gearbox but moving to the inviable and complicated electronic world is just a completo different story, but thanks again to BE for making understanding it so much easier, and I’m real king looking forward to starting my journey on brilliant.

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  • @Random_4400
    @Random_44003 ай бұрын

    Crazy to think that you guys went as far as to take the crystal apart just to show us how a simple clock works, I've never been successful in opening one without causing destruction to it & i don't even want to ask how you managed to remove the epoxy bloob from the main control IC haha, great animation and explanation!

  • @BranchEducation

    @BranchEducation

    3 ай бұрын

    Haha- well ya didn't see the teardown we did which wasn't as flawless as you think it is. Luckily we knew what the objects should look like, so modeling it later wasn't that hard.

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    @mohmedazam29133 ай бұрын

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    @Inti726003 ай бұрын

    Oh my god this video is perfect. I'm literally learning about oscillator circuits and phase locked loop systems. What is shown here merges spendidly with my studies. Thanks a lot!

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    @Awayze3 ай бұрын

    The video I’ve been looking for months you understand how the clock works, a lot more knowledge on it now and very complex tiny parts needed.

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    @mahdimotamedi681216 күн бұрын

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  • @verlidesouza
    @verlidesouza3 ай бұрын

    I've been studying how computers work for a bit now, just this week I was looking at my process manager wondering how the computer regulated the clock speed, thanks for the amazing video! Really helped me understand how it works ( also the new graphics look amazing, keep up with the great work!)

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    @srikarchintalapati11193 ай бұрын

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    @Alexandru_Narcis_Popescu3 ай бұрын

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  • @Hasitier
    @Hasitier3 ай бұрын

    Really interesting topic. i didn’t think of this corelation before. I am an it guy now and I studied electronics years ago. So I have seen a lot of explanations how things work. But I never saw ones like you did. So great and detailed with good animations. I wish the best for you so that we can have much more of this great content for years to come. Thank you.