When I was a teenager, in the late 1960s, my neighbour was in her 80s. She used a galvanised dolly tub, as they were called in England, and a dolly peg to do her washing, and then put it through the mangle to remove the water. I can still remember that she had biceps that any gym bod would be proud of, from her twice weekly dolly peg and mangling sessions.

@cloudbuster8819

4 жыл бұрын

Grandma used a "posser", a "hand agitator" just like the one on minute 2:13; made out of light-weight metal, but exactly like this wooden one; I myself used it for a quick wash; it worked great. Sadly we did not keep it. That was in the late 1970 and early 80ies, Switzerland (that high-tech country of today).

@MrEmiosk

4 жыл бұрын

@@cloudbuster8819 Hey, no shame, even in the bronze and iron age you still used stone tools, heck I am even now inclined to make a stone axe just for the sheer abuse to toil it can take compared to steel. especially if you want to remove stumps after some logging, since it keeps its edge through it saves a lot of steel and grinding work afterwards.

@elizabethhocking134

3 жыл бұрын

Been there, done that!

@MrWolfSnack

2 жыл бұрын

Is this how the phrase "getting mangled" came from in reference to doing extreme workouts?

@analyticalhabitrails9857

2 жыл бұрын

Bone chilling.

Who needed treadmills and weights and kettlebells back then? Just living kept a person in shape.

@SarahLizDoan

5 жыл бұрын

Arbeedubya exactly

@sallylemon5835

4 жыл бұрын

There's a lot of energy wastage in the gym. Those people running on treadmill are producing kinetic energy that could probably assist electricity of the centre, but it seems good engineers always put in mute to make ways for profit-making idea engineers. At least back then their energy do two things: 1. Fitness 2. Get cleaning done

@Goriaas

4 жыл бұрын

@@sallylemon5835 treadmill or a stationary bike would produce negligible amounts of electrical energy. But I agree using your energy for something useful like maybe gardening for delicious homegrown veg/fruit, woodworking etc. is much better than just stomping away on a treadmill

@thesalazar7328

4 жыл бұрын

Sally Lemon It's not done cause it's not a good idea and engineers know about it, it barely produces enough energy to turn a those Christmas lights (don't know the name in English) on. On a city I visited they had bikes you could use to turn Christmas lights on, if you went full speed on the bike maybe you could keep the lights on for like 2 seconds

@iac4357

3 жыл бұрын

And men were chopping wood, and hoeing the garden for excersise !

This is a great series. I once tried washing a shirt by hand in a very poor village and within minutes a crowd of local women gathered for the entertainment of viewing my pitiful attempt. They ended up rescuing me and had the shirt salvaged in no time.

@Concetta20

2 жыл бұрын

Haha! What a great story!

If you told me five years ago that I would be tuning in for the third part in a historical series on 18th century laundry techniques - I would have laughed and called you crazy. Yet here I am...riveted.

@gypsysmiles

4 жыл бұрын

Same

As a child in the 60's .. my mother taught us to wash clothes in the bath tub by stomping them. We did it anytime money was tight and the electric bill was not paid

@tirzah-marielewis3447

5 жыл бұрын

Still did that a couple months ago when my washer went out for a few weeks.

@drewgehringer7813

4 жыл бұрын

hey, if it works, it works.

@pennyjjohnson908

4 жыл бұрын

Nothing like being a single mom back in the 70's. Washed a lot of laundry that way.

@godschild5587

4 жыл бұрын

check out a call for an uprising and russianvids KZread channels to wake up from matrix, KZread removed their channels so many times for no reason cause they don't want you to wake up.

@6400loser

3 жыл бұрын

Oh wow! I had to wash some clothes by hand once while traveling, and I suddenly remembered the scene where they do this from a movie I loved as a kid (my neighbor Totoro). It worked!

Maggie is a delight. She makes the drudgery of washing fascinating. Another great video.

I wish I was taught all of what Maggie talked about. I had to learn everything I know on my own with no one to teach me. For a few years I had to wash everything I had by hand in my tub. I was to poor to use any of the machines back then. All that hard work you put into it makes you think daily how you can wash your clothes more effectively and more easily. I tore the skin off my hands washing due to how rough the work is, and how soft the hands get being in the water for so long. I do have a machine now, and I cherish the little thing. I'm not able to do the large loads like I use to by hand, but it saves me in more ways than I can think having the machine. Made think of all the women who did do this and made me respect them all the more. I found myself wishing I had one of them that knew what to do to teach me.

@Anna-tc6rz

4 жыл бұрын

I never knew how spoiled I was till I had to use a 5 gal bucket and a plunger to do my laundry

@jefferybimbopdibbity7942

3 жыл бұрын

Im sorry, but i cant get over the smug anime waifu pfp, no offence to earth-chan

@beneiseoleinmheart5614

3 жыл бұрын

How did you dry them?

@carmeltabby

3 жыл бұрын

I wash my laundry in the bathtub with a plastic washboard cuz our building only has one machine you have to pay for and I don't have money to spare for it. Been wondering why my palms are peeling like crazy lately and thought it had more to do with how sweaty they get when it's hot out but my husband has been insisting it's because of the laundry. Guess he's right.

@analyticalhabitrails9857

2 жыл бұрын

Me too, I didn't know how truly spoiled I am too until I saw this video and yalls testimonies! 😢

I have a laundry "dolly" bought at an estate sale for $15 as a conversation piece. Went with calling it an "udder agitator" because nobody could tell me what it was. I had seen it used on 'Victorian or Edwardian Farm". Thank you for the information.

Great show, informative. Love Maggie. Hats off to all those women who had to do this in real life.

@ohevshalomel

5 жыл бұрын

Lori Regina And still do it in many parts of the world today.

@loriregina1226

5 жыл бұрын

@@ohevshalomel not just around the word but also here in America and its not always by choice. I am one of those women. I am thankful our clothing fabric is not of that quality and our American standards have gone down hill.

@trudytaylor8420

5 жыл бұрын

thank you

@iamkurgan1126

5 жыл бұрын

Hats off to the men of those days and today!

@evelgreytarot8401

5 жыл бұрын

I wash this way, not much choice and no man to do the hard part for me. Right here in America

I want to hear more about the damage clothes would sustain, and how they were patched, and what kinds of patching were considered acceptable vs when was something considered too worn/unrepairable for an average person to keep. After being worn out what happened to clothes then? Surely not just thrown away, but used either as rags or made into quilts? Possibly donated to the poor? And what about stains? If a stain wouldn't come out, would the garment be ruined, or kept as good enough for grubby work? How big was an average person's wardrobe? How often might they get a new garment? Was it generally all sewn by hand by the lady of the house, or were tailors/seamstresses used by average folks?

@SquishyZoran

5 жыл бұрын

This would be an excellent topic for a video!

@heidithomas5455

5 жыл бұрын

Yes, rags were used for patching other clothing. Threading would be taken apart, yarn unraveled and reworked to fix holes, or tears. This method would be used on hosery, which was wool and socks as well as sweaters and other clothing items. Other rags were kept for bandages, cleaning or that time of the month for ladies. Rags were stitched together to make quilts, patchwork dresses and skirts and curtains and bedding, such as sheets or duvet cover. It depended on how worn the prices of ruined fabric we're and how it was stitched. If the stitching/yarn could come apart, then that's what they did to salvage the pieces. Most of the time a rag wasn't scrap until there literally wasn't anything left of it. Washing and reusing rags was the thing to do. They even had a peddler selling old rags so poor women could make clothes and household items. Other women could sell their rags to the peddlers to make a few cents. Color, fabric and quality is how the rags were judged.

@illuminatiZ

3 жыл бұрын

The fabric of the 18th century was much stronger than fabrics that we buy today.

@OofusTwillip

2 жыл бұрын

@@illuminatiZ The rag & bone men sold the rags to companies that ground up the scraps and used them to make a cheap, thin fabric called shoddy. It wasn't durable, but it was all poor people could afford. And it's where the word "shoddy" comes from. Early paper was also made of ground rags. This was before wood pulp became the standard.

@animequeen78

2 жыл бұрын

Yes, they would repurpose clothes that were worn beyond repair for cleaning or quilts.

I absolutely love this series of videos you are doing. I want more! Give us a blacksmith, give us shopkeep. What ever it is I will watch it.

@raraavis7782

5 жыл бұрын

Caleb Davio Yes! This is so interesting 👍

@belac48621

5 жыл бұрын

@@raraavis7782 like don't get me wrong. I love the cooking videos. But these "life in the days" really brings us into the shoes of the people back then.

@kezkezooie8595

5 жыл бұрын

Yes please!

@janewiery9545

5 жыл бұрын

Blacksmith!

@FreddyBarbarossa

5 жыл бұрын

They did a few videos with different blacksmiths, just search the channel for more but heres one kzread.info/dash/bejne/dH5skrWQlLjKXZs.html

Fun fact. The plunger type agitator that she was using, that moves up and down was used by Frigidaire in the 50s and 60s. They had a line of automatic washing machines called the Pulsator. And as she has demonstrated with the historic equivalent, instead in the agitator running in a circular motion it punged the clothing up and down. Very unique design, and was ONLY produced by Frigidaire. Also, she was talking about the early mechanical washing machines that have the gear drivin Dolly. I have seen references to those being sold with electric motors as early as 1900, and 1901..So that was also one if the first electric washing machines too! I know the point of this channel is to explore the periods WAY before that. But I just thought I would chime in and say so.=)

@janewiery9545

5 жыл бұрын

My mom had one of those.

@Whammytap

5 жыл бұрын

Now in addition to the Philco V-handle dual hinged refrigerator, this Pulsator washing machine is now on my list of vintage “must-have” appliances.

My mom was taught to do laundry with five wash tubs. A prewash, wash and three rinse tubs. Every piece of laundry went through all five tubs before being hung on the line. It was 1950 before my grandparents spent money on the luxury of a washing machine. My paternal grandmother still used a washtub and a fancy metal clothes plunger most of the time even after getting a machine. She said the machine was too much trouble for the little bit of laundry she had to do.

She is a great person. I have met her twice. And a really nice person.

Another great video , Thank you Maggie .... most ppl only concentrate on the War aspect of History ... but to be honest , I find the task of everyday living much more fascinating

I’m only 11 years old and I started doing Scottish washing to save up a couple of bills and my brother started doing it to but my mom thinks it’s kind of weird because we have a modern day washing machine but we prefer doing it the olden day style🙂

England has Mrs Crocombe (whom I also adore) we have our Maggie. I love listening to her talk and teach. She is an amazing interpreter!! Thank you for another great video!!

@Whammytap

5 жыл бұрын

KrauseKreation You used “whom” correctly. Perhaps there is yet hope for humanity. ;)

Makes me doing laundry today seem fun.

absolutely fascinating! Please, more great historical videos like this! Domestic history is so often overlooked.

What a great series and jam packed full of information.

I have two washboards and a plunger for doing clothes in a bucket. No electricity needed.

@WatchingMyLifeFlashB

5 жыл бұрын

Does your plunger have holes in it to make it more efficient?

@craigmouldey2339

5 жыл бұрын

@@WatchingMyLifeFlashB It has a semi-solid bottom with channels cut into it.

@WatchingMyLifeFlashB

5 жыл бұрын

@@craigmouldey2339 Nice!

@MirasaurusRex

4 жыл бұрын

Same. I use 2 buckets so it's easier to transfer from wash to rinse.

@ismata3274

4 жыл бұрын

much time is needed though. but without electricity, there wouldnt be much distraction to begin with, so it evens out i suppose. still its good to have the option at hand, then to need it bot dont have/or dont know how to use one.

Thanks for another great video. This one brought back memories for me. My Grandmother still had a dolly and tub in her back yard in Manchester UK in the 1950s. There was also a giant cast iron framed mangle with big wooden rollers, we kids were warned against playing near it for fear of ending up with flat fingers.

@kck9742

5 жыл бұрын

I'm American, but never realized until just the past few years how horrible Britain had it during WWII and how long the deprivation lasted. Rationing didn't end till 1954, and a lot of British people lived in what amounted to Victorian slums with no indoor toilets right up through the 60s.

if ever we get to high and mighty, a day of hand washing our clothing will put things back into perspective! everyone should do this at LEAST once in their life to appreciate what we take for granted! Great great vids, I love the explaination of all the potions! I found it very informative!

@spicybrown75

5 жыл бұрын

You know what...doing laundry by hand is not difficult or time consuming either. Its just that we have been conditioned to think that some of these appliances make our life easier and save time! Just like I can wash a bunch of dishes in 3rd of a time that dishwasher does for the same number of dishes.

@emmabenuska699

4 жыл бұрын

@@spicybrown75 and use less water,too

Guess who just skipped a class and stayed home watching all the episodes for this lovely lady from the colonies giving a lecture about the laundry

This laundry series has been great, and so informative. We really take for granted all the conveniences we have today. But for these early laundresses, it was hard work! Thank you, Maggie!

"Maggie" is awesome.

Wow. I always thought the washboard was the oldest way to wash. I had no idea the "plunger" type washers had been around for so long! Thanks for the info! =)

@rebeccahilton9286

5 жыл бұрын

and before that people went to creek or river or water hole and scrubbed em on a rock with diferent weeds n herbs

@MrsDanny07

5 жыл бұрын

A lot of people still do that. I have soapwort growing in my garden. It can be used as laundry soap, if processed correctly. One of its names is "bouncing bet" in reference to the washer women that used to use it.

Carol is BEAUTIFUL. Fascinating how she went into character at the start of the video. She is a joy to watch !

This series is fascinating! I love Maggie. Thank you for sharing her stories with us

Sometimes i forgot he was actually interviewing present time person..

My nan and mum used to call a plunger a "posser". Funny how words continue down the generations like that. ETA: My nan had an electric washing machine that had a mangle! As kids, we used to love helping her and feeding the soapy clothes in the machine through the mangle, into the sink which was full of clean water to rinse them.

I love how knowledgable and passionate about the subject this woman is. Really enjoyed this series, especially seeing how the plungers and dollies evolved over time. Its easy to forget just how much everyday life has changed after the advent of electricity

I Bet those ladies had Popeye arms 😂 💪🏽

@kck9742

5 жыл бұрын

I'm sure that women back in the day (those who weren't wealthy anyway) weren't weak, willowy little things. They couldn't be.

@Marialla.

5 жыл бұрын

@@kck9742 That might explain why weak, willowy women were favored. Because only the rich could afford to sit around NOT developing their muscles!

@najroe

5 жыл бұрын

Preference was a woman that could WORK! and being squeamish was not an option., my great-great... grandmother had to cut a bullet from her husbands leg after battle (he was sadly on loosing side and had to limp 120km through enemy occupied teritory before the "surgery").

@najroe

4 жыл бұрын

@@judeirwin2222 not just wome. Everyone not nobility or rich had to work themselves past exaustion from early age. My Grandfather had to start working in the woods felling trees with axe and saw at 12 (very dangerous) and was working with mucking out stables and cart feed to the animals more or less from time he could walk.

@nessamillikan6247

4 жыл бұрын

@najroe And to think, plenty of people in America today don’t even know how to use a washing machine, or a microwave, for that matter.

I always love your videos but this series is really the highlight. I've never sat so hypnotised!

Thanks for all these clips. Maggie you brilliant

This series on laundry has been very interesting. Thank you!

Thanks for the information. I knew my grandma's wringer washer was an electrified version of something older. The sources become clearer.

@dwaynewladyka577

5 жыл бұрын

I remember wringer washers. My dad had one once. My aunt (one of his older siblings) always used one.

@jaspersgrimoire

5 жыл бұрын

My great grandmother’s house had one of those! Nobody uses it anymore, they bought a newer one in the sixties when one of my great-aunties got her braids caught in it and it nearly yanked her scalp off. The phone line is still hooked up at the end of the driveway a half-mile to that house and the rest of the way is barbed wire.

@TooLooze

5 жыл бұрын

In rented a house with a wringer washer. It was electric and you risked your fingers every time you fed the vicious thing. It filled and drained manually.

@LisaMarli

5 жыл бұрын

@@TooLooze My grandma had a wooden stick, like a yard stick only thicker, she would use to pull the laundry out of the tub and feed it to the wringer. Several loads would get washed before the tub was emptied and rinse cycle was started. The 2nd rinse cycle for the whites was the 1st cycle for the colored clothes. 2nd for the colored clothes was 1st for the jeans. By the time the jeans were done, white stuff was dry and could come off the lines. She got a washer dryer set in the 1960s. They were finally good enough and cheap enough to make sense. Though she still line dried the clothes if the sun was out.

@TooLooze

5 жыл бұрын

@@LisaMarli she was smart!

Get it, Maggie! You seem like such a lovely and charismatic person! I wish you the best in all your endeavors.

Hello Maggie! Hello John! Thank you both so very much for a very very interesting series. Appreciate it very much

Such a fabulous episodes with the re enacters. . I have a whole new appreciation for my laundry now.. keep up the great work , Everyone. Hello from Ontario ,Canada.🍁

I've weirdly loved this whole series so far i really hope there's more on the way!

Awesome series! Thank you so much for posting these videos.

I'll never take my washing machine for granted again.

Ooh, I always wondered how they did laundry back then - I never thought they had their own version of a washing machine

I spent a summer doing laundry in a plastic bucket with a "hand agitator". Drilled a hole in the lid to run the agitator's handle through to minimize splash. While physical, it worked well and I imagine a lot less work then beating laundry. The grey water was then dumped onto the lawn.

What a great lady! She's so smart. Great interview.

I really love the visits you've had with Maggie so much.

Hello washing machine daddy

@Phantom_binovirex8974

5 жыл бұрын

Wouldnt that be washing machine mommy?

@cutegirl380

5 жыл бұрын

@@Phantom_binovirex8974 My feminist senses are tingling. You probably didn't mean it that way tho. Hahaha

@Phantom_binovirex8974

5 жыл бұрын

Nah only pointing out the lady is the one washing in the vid nothing more much love to lady marly

@rosemcguinn5301

5 жыл бұрын

Hi unique Nicole!

@rosemcguinn5301

5 жыл бұрын

Anybody seen Paul McKenzie around lately?

For somebody like me who restores old wringer washer, I found this history fascinating and informative for my demos at our local farm museum! Thanks a bunch!

This is a wonderful series. I love it. Maggie is such a delight and very knowledgeable too. Your entire channel is fascinating to me and I will be a fan for a long long time. I bet you guys will hardly run out of ideas for videos. The culture and history of that time is so rich.

Nice series on laundry. I appreciate the amount of detail presented. Good job!

More excellence from Jon's special guest! Thank you!

@dwaynewladyka577

5 жыл бұрын

These videos are great.

@rosemcguinn5301

5 жыл бұрын

@@dwaynewladyka577 Hey there. how've you been?

@dwaynewladyka577

5 жыл бұрын

@@rosemcguinn5301 I'm good at this moment.

I have always have been fascinated by the 17 and 18 hundreds. I love all these videos of Jas. So interesting to see all the innovations they had to come up with to just get through everyday life.

First off, thank you Townsend’s! It has been a rare treat to watch and learn from your videos that I apply to my everyday life. Next up, Maggie... *such* an engaging trip into the past she weaves for us. Not only with the straight facts that she shares with us, but with the ancestor she fully inhabits in order to pass on the finer thoughts and details that were not often considered of note, or were not recorded because, we’ll- who cares about what historical washer women (and children) did!!??? I guess as a descendant, *I* do! Would be nice to see the percentage of folks watching here, that are trying to gain insights into their ancestral past, as I am...thank you again, Townsend’s. You continue to change my life for the better!... Now, to order those cook books....

I love this channel so much!

Lehman's online store has a tub with an arm thing like what Maggie describes .

ive been binge watching your videos all week, im so in love with your channel! 💚

Fantastic as always

I'm really interested in the origin of a lot of our technology and when ever I look it up your channel features something about it and I love it. So glad I subscribed to you when you were first starting off! Congrats on 2 million by the way!

I just love your channel so much. I consider myself an "armchair historian." You're historical interpretations have helped me appreciate our Colonial history even more. As an equestrian, I would love to learn more about stablemen, blacksmiths and the like. Thank you teaching me and keeping my fire for historical learning alive!!

Love these expanded videos!!

I have enjoyed these immensely.

Very informative, Many Thanks to Carol for sharing her knowledge!!!

Makes me appreciate my modern washing and drying machines!

These videos answer so many questions! This is so cool, kudos to Maggie!

Great video ! Thanks for exploring this aspect of life .

Thank you so much, so informative!! I must say that I love Maggie and its exciting to see her from time to time!! ❤

This is so fascinating! The more things change.....I guess we only added electricity and called it "modern."

@Cody_Ramer

5 жыл бұрын

Electricity makes everything so much easier. People today are soft compared to a hundred years ago.

@charlesappalachia8252

5 жыл бұрын

@@Cody_Ramer ya you are.

I LOVE your vids. They are always so interesting! Thanks so much!

@SarwatCookingCuisine

5 жыл бұрын

Ijguj

I just stumbled on this video, I enjoyed the information and set. Thankyou. For two years I did laundry in a bathtub. Little detergent or soap, mix, stomp it around for a little while, scrub when needed, wring, and hang. After a while I added a washboard. It wasn't so bad. Did laundry more often since my apartment didn't have the space to dry a full load. Though your hands and feet might dry out a bit so lotion is definitely an idea. 😁

My maternal grandmother (living on the slopes of the Downs in Sussex, England) still did all her washing using a washing dolly in a tub, then running the clothes and sheets through a mangle - this was in the 1960s, 70s and up to her death in the mid 80s. As a young girl she helped her mother and sisters wash the large family's laundry every week in a big community laundry where she grew up in Battersea (they tended to exist only in the more populated areas, not the country), a place of happy socialising as well as hard work. And both my grannies had much-loved walk-in larders, never freezers and only small fridges later in life. Both also had coal fires, as I did here in Cornwall (for cooking and heat though - a solid fuel aga) until only very recently severe wrist arthritis has prevented me running it. Many still have wood/multi-fuel stoves in fireplaces (mine is still an open fireplace). Although I haven't had a television for many years, I used to enjoy watching the BBC Farm set of series - covering various eras throughout history starting I think with Mediaeval times up to Wartime Farm - so do look out for old episodes on KZread, as were very similar to this.

This is great, both entertaining and enlightening I hope you will find other re-enactors I love the channel and especially the real life/relived tales of our history. My father's family arrived in the 1620's and my mother's family on the Mayflower

Being a hand laundry person I kept wondering "how can I really spin this stuff besides just leave it to soak right there, hardly could make powerful spin with my arms.. and without using machine?" - finally I found something that helped to answer! Maybe I'd start by any sticks from convenience store looks okay to fit in laundry bucket for spinning. Inspired and learned a lot from this 18th century channel. Subscribed

Really enjoying your videos. Im a new subscriber, and glad I stumbled onto you. Fascinating and very informative. Love your guests you have on from time to time. Maggie was fantastic, Keep up the great work sir!!

Another informative and fun video, TFS!

Excellent series

My mom grew up in the Azores until the 1960s. It's bizarre that her life seemed to be stuck in 1800s USA. She described washing clothes by hand and then bleaching them in the sun. Her home didn't have electricity or hot water (or a boiler, for that matter), so cooking was done in a brick oven. It's now a very modern island, but her stories used to captivate me.

Great video and I love Maggie! Thank you folks!

Makes me thankful on laundry day for my washing machine!

@kck9742

5 жыл бұрын

More like laundry DAYS... the whole process, from soaking to ironing, took about 3 days.

@nildabridgeman8104

5 жыл бұрын

Karen K right right right!

This is amazing. Love this series!!!!

Another great video!

Thank you for sharing this video I really enjoyed it Maggie is absolutely delightful

I just ordered a Behrens wash tub to wash my clothes. I'm pretty jazzed. I don't have room for washer/dryer in my garage apt.

Fantastic channel!!!! Keep it up!

These videos are so interesting! They really make me grateful for modern conveniences.

Love these vids. Great info.

Love these type episodes 😍

Thanks for your time today And have an amazing day 😀

Love this type of video!

This was amazing thank you so much

Thanks for these!! Super kewl!

We had a similar setup at scout camp, we had a bucket with a hole cut in the lid and a (clean) toilet plunger. Clothes go in, water goes in, soap goes in, and thats your washing machine

Yaay! I love learning from Maggie!

A very interesting series. Thanks, cousin.

As always, AMAZING!

Haha! Wonderful video, thank you. I'm prepared for any potential hard time; I use a clean, for laundry only rubber plunger to clean my laundry in a tub with some natural detergent, lol. It works very well for washing and rinsing!

Love the channel, it's a great way to escape the current climate and learn about some history. Can I make a request? I've always wondered how the settlers survived the harsh winters, and even Spring. I live in Ohio where winters are long. I like to garden and grow vegetables, but I've always wondered how the people survived after the last harvest in the Autumn and through the Spring. It must be one thing to go through the winter with the ground being frozen, but once Spring comes, it's not like there's instant food...they had to wait for their vegetables to grow! Can you enlighten me?

Love the history!! She's great,so full of knowledge!!

The next time my unnecessarily complicated washing machine’s integral computer has a hissy fit, I am returning it to the manufacturer and doing my laundry like this. The new machines “work” in the technical sense of the word, but are not very good at getting clothing clean.

This woman is awesome. Her dedication of time and energy to this type of history makes it real for me and, I am sure, for her visitors as well. I have seen good historic interpretation and bad and the good stuff, like this, makes history real for people.