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Growing "Mini-Brains" in a Lab: Human Brain Organoids

Introduction to human cerebral organoids, also known as brain organoids or "mini-brains", which are beginning to be used for biocomputing. What are they?
Support the channel: / ihmcurious
Note: The first line of this video was removed, "Scientists are growing tiny brains", because it may be misleading. Organoids are not real brains, "tiny" or otherwise. The term "mini-brain" has been criticized for implying human characteristics. This channel strives for objectivity, clarity, and accuracy much of the time, so difficult editorial decisions must be made.
Twitter: / ihmcurious
Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:43 Growing Organoids
2:57 Minibrains in Science & Medicine
4:46 Giving Minibrains Psychedelics
5:26 Minibrains With Eyes
6:30 Can Minibrains Feel?
7:22 Looking For Consciousness
9:03 The Future of Minibrain Research
10:47 Human Minibrains Grafted Onto Mice
12:10 What's Next?
Music
Destiny Day by Kevin MacLeod
creativecommon...
incompetech.com...
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Academic Articles
Velasco et al., 2019, Nature: Individual brain organoids reproducibly form cell diversity of the human cerebral cortex www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Linkous & Fine, 2020, STAR Protocols: Generating Patient-Derived Gliomas within Cerebral Organoids www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Linkous et al., 2019, Cell Reports: Modeling Patient-Derived Glioblastoma with Cerebral Organoids doi.org/10.101...
Farahany et al., 2018, Nature: The ethics of experimenting with human brain tissue
law.stanford.e...
www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Di Lullo & Kriegstein, 2017, Nature Reviews Neuroscience: The use of brain organoids to investigate neural development and disease www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Aguilera-Castrejon et al., 2021, Nature: Ex utero mouse embryogenesis from pre-gastrulation to late organogenesis www.nature.com...
Gabriel et al., 2021, Cell Stem Cell: Human brain organoids assemble functionally integrated bilateral optic vesicles www.biorxiv.or...
Trujillo et al., 2019, Cell Stem Cell: Complex Oscillatory Waves Emerging from Cortical Organoids Model Early Human Brain Network Development doi.org/10.101...
Cho et al., 2021, Nature Communications: Microfluidic device with brain extracellular matrix promotes structural and functional maturation of human brain organoids www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Lancaster & Knoblich, 2014, Nature Protocols: Generation of Cerebral Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Clevers, 2016, Cell: Modeling Development and Disease with Organoids doi.org/10.101...
van der Valk et al., 2021, Cell Death & Differentiation: Building inner ears: recent advances and future challenges for in vitro organoid systems www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Lancaster et al., 2013, Nature: Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Quadrato et al., 2017, Nature: Cell diversity and network dynamics in photosensitive human brain organoids www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Armin & Pasca, 2018, Neuron: Building Models of Brain Disorders with Three-Dimensional Organoids doi.org/10.101...
Qian et al., 2018, Nature Protocols: Generation of human brain region-specific organoids using a miniaturized spinning bioreactor www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Dong et al., 2020, Molecular Psychiatry: Human cerebral organoids establish subcortical projections in the mouse brain after transplantation www.nature.com...
Samarasinghe et al., 2021, Nature Neuroscience: Identification of neural oscillations and epileptiform changes in human brain organoids www.biorxiv.or...
Nature Biotechnology, 2021: Green funds for lab-made breast milk www.nature.com...
Most other papers can be found for free on PubMed using the citations in the video. For further information, I can be reached at ihmcurious@gmail.com

Пікірлер: 254

  • @ghostagent3552
    @ghostagent3552 Жыл бұрын

    watching this video is like watching the beginning of a scifi movie and will be followed by some conscious tumors invasion

  • @ihmcurious

    @ihmcurious

    Жыл бұрын

    lol sounds kinda cute

  • @ghostagent3552

    @ghostagent3552

    Жыл бұрын

    @@ihmcurious is it really cute if it's more like the THING or something along the lines of flesh monsters from Gemini Home Entertainment?

  • @ihmcurious

    @ihmcurious

    Жыл бұрын

    I was picturing little meatwads from aqua teen hunger force. Maybe the alternatives aren't so cute...

  • @dogchaser520
    @dogchaser520 Жыл бұрын

    Thanks for taking the time to break down the research for non-specialists. This stuff is pretty challenging to synthesize all together. Really enjoying what you've put out so far.

  • @Ossian-dr1vr
    @Ossian-dr1vr Жыл бұрын

    Wait I just checked and somehow you only have 1650 subscriber!? I thought this channel for sure had AT LEAST 500 000 because of the cheer video quality and interesting subject. Why youtube doesn't recommend this to more people really is beyond me. Good luck man and keep it up!

  • @andrewthorpe3377

    @andrewthorpe3377

    Жыл бұрын

    He's at 6.27k now. The channel only has 7 videos. I'm sure it will continue growing as he makes more.

  • @acsilver2777

    @acsilver2777

    Жыл бұрын

    @@andrewthorpe3377 6.4 now looks like the algorithm is doing its job for once. So glad I found this channel

  • @deweytann

    @deweytann

    Жыл бұрын

    8.9k now it's growing like a Organoid!

  • @Anaesify
    @Anaesify Жыл бұрын

    I just stumbled upon you as a creator and you are DELIGHTFUL! I love your deadpan joke delivery and the facts and info in your vids are top notch

  • @nicandkiritos22

    @nicandkiritos22

    2 ай бұрын

    Agreed, jokes delightful,and interesting facts. But I have to say I had a pet rat,...he already had fear response and voice recognition and all those natural things, but placing a mini brain in side would only lead to unnatural " crazy " behavior, and a rejection of the intruder cells. Whatever photoreceptors genes I have make me grimace at light and develope skin cancer, it is suffering , and I can't condone that.

  • @andreas7812
    @andreas78122 жыл бұрын

    This is very interesting and your videos holds very good quality. I hope this channel will grow because it deserves it. 😀

  • @byebisontv

    @byebisontv

    2 жыл бұрын

    I agree!

  • @just1it1moko
    @just1it1moko Жыл бұрын

    Imagine a future where you could just get a new organ transplant. Either growing them or replacing them with synthetic organs I'm 100% convinced it'll become commonplace in my lifetime. I know temporary organs exist right now a friend of mine lived 2 months with a synthetic heart which was the size of a small cupboard next to his hospital bed. And some things like heartvalves are already being made in labs to replace those that show dysfunction. Just imagine. you start getting older your organs start to get worse and worse and you just get a new one in increasing your life expectancy by years! at that point I think the brain is gonna be the toughest nut to crack and I don't see us being able to heal/replace them partially or fully. Also that would just create the philosophical debate of the "brain of Theseus".

  • @Gounesh
    @Gounesh Жыл бұрын

    How come this videos not discovered?! This is awesome!

  • @Quazex
    @Quazex Жыл бұрын

    I'm usually more into cybernetics but this stuff is cool as hell. Awesome that we're able to do this.

  • @subspanner

    @subspanner

    Жыл бұрын

    @Invisibility Lock That's what I thought, along with the possibility to replace parts of our brain or even advance them.

  • @tehdawson

    @tehdawson

    Жыл бұрын

    @@Invisibilitylock I think it will be in our lifetimes.

  • @alanp741

    @alanp741

    Ай бұрын

    i think the use of these organoids could actually help with the work on cybernetics as a middle ground between the digital to the analog

  • @kaorudragneel8498
    @kaorudragneel84982 жыл бұрын

    That's terrifying I love it but has some place for good

  • @radiofrog
    @radiofrog Жыл бұрын

    What an incredibly interesting and terrifying concept. I’m surprised you don’t have more subscribers, this is really high quality stuff. Great work!

  • @ibowman_UCLA_BRAIN
    @ibowman_UCLA_BRAIN Жыл бұрын

    You have an incredible ability to distill the most relevant neurobio/neurology/neurowhatever (also bioengineering) topics into a concise and interesting presentation. Please keep it up.

  • @Luchoedge
    @Luchoedge Жыл бұрын

    People fucking around with human neurons and mice should really watch a particular episode of full metal alchemist. Just saying...

  • @quintennobbe
    @quintennobbe Жыл бұрын

    This is amazing!!! I love your content! wow this guys needs more subs

  • @quintennobbe

    @quintennobbe

    Жыл бұрын

    you have my sub and like and share

  • @metamind095
    @metamind095 Жыл бұрын

    You really digged deep here. From IPS cell reprogramming, lab cultured meat, disease modifying aspects of custom brain organoids, plasticity change with plastinogens also analogies you presented here like snow-flake structure change of organoids, larger coneectivity status hinting to higher "consiousness" etc. all neatly wrapped with some philosophical explorations and ofc your on-point humour just keeps me engaged in the topic. Hardly have seen anything quite like it with that amount of papers linked (LOVE THIS ASPECT!) in an easy to consume presentation. I really hope you stick to this formular and dont kneel in to youtubes quantity over quality algorithm (at least thats what it feels for me). Patreoned btw.

  • @SuperDuperSigmaMale
    @SuperDuperSigmaMale Жыл бұрын

    Man i cant wait for the medical science advancements this will bring with the help of a few brilliant minds.

  • @sexymeal2427
    @sexymeal2427 Жыл бұрын

    This channel goes over such dope studies

  • @Snookenu
    @Snookenu25 күн бұрын

    Just realized this video has 40 000 videos. Have watched alot of your videos and always thought they had a couple million views. Never checked the view and subscriver count till now. Really cool content, i subscribed.

  • @mortyrickerson6322
    @mortyrickerson6322 Жыл бұрын

    Sorry for blowing up your inbox 😅 just binging your vids. Gotta leave a comment for the algorithm Gods. Cheers

  • @proxicat123
    @proxicat123 Жыл бұрын

    This channel is the perfect mixture of humour and science bro, love it

  • @llammapajama4824
    @llammapajama4824 Жыл бұрын

    Cool videos. Glad I got recommended them. Definitely subbed

  • @amitvashishtha8713
    @amitvashishtha8713 Жыл бұрын

    Every line is just a wow!! 😮

  • @oxlip
    @oxlip Жыл бұрын

    This channel is so good bro you deserve way more subscribers than you have

  • @ryansmith4213
    @ryansmith4213 Жыл бұрын

    Great video! I hope all these recent comments means you caught the algorithm, because this is really entertaining and informative!

  • @dogwithsocks
    @dogwithsocks Жыл бұрын

    KZread did something right this time. I’ve always wondered about this topic. You got me dude!

  • @INHIAF
    @INHIAF2 жыл бұрын

    Damn this editing next level🔥🔥

  • @weeferooni
    @weeferooni Жыл бұрын

    to all the brains out there in test tubes wondering why the fuck its so dark all of the time and why youre so bored: i just want you to know i feel you.

  • @localwan
    @localwan Жыл бұрын

    very engaging and high quality video.

  • @ekeredtv
    @ekeredtv Жыл бұрын

    Your deadpan humour is really well delivered.

  • @vaneplane
    @vaneplane Жыл бұрын

    I love how your videos are funny and easy to understand, keep up the great work!

  • @maxpowers802
    @maxpowers802 Жыл бұрын

    they should try putting human brain tissue in an animal that can talk, like a parrot. That way it could tell us what it's like.

  • @maneki360nekodude5

    @maneki360nekodude5

    Жыл бұрын

    Add some human vocal cords as well while we are at it .

  • @20ZZ20

    @20ZZ20

    Жыл бұрын

    parrots don't really talk in that way, and don't use language the same as a human although they mimic

  • @maxpowers802

    @maxpowers802

    Жыл бұрын

    @@20ZZ20 Only because they don't have enough human brain tissue

  • @Faunarr

    @Faunarr

    Жыл бұрын

    parrots are a terrible idea. Because they don't process language in the same way we do and said sounds to them are essentially just things they could mimic and attract mates with. If you really want to go that route how about corvids? corvids are much more intelligent and have the capability of learning a language to a limited extent and can communicate with it to a limited extent. a corvid such as a crow or raven would be far more suitable for your idea.

  • @20ZZ20

    @20ZZ20

    Жыл бұрын

    @@maxpowers802 not really.... parrots replicate human voices the same way in the wild they try to replicate other sounds, they won't suddenly understand grammar etc. and start speaking procedurally with some extra brain

  • @PedanticNo1
    @PedanticNo1 Жыл бұрын

    I have engaged, and am therefore become the engagement.

  • @prakamyakhare7505
    @prakamyakhare7505 Жыл бұрын

    This channel is a gem :).

  • @Premo-412
    @Premo-4126 ай бұрын

    This vid is awesome man!

  • @BettersonMcgee
    @BettersonMcgee Жыл бұрын

    Glad i found this channel! Exactly the kind of stuff i love! You present the info very well without compromising on the information. Love it!

  • @Sxzye
    @Sxzye Жыл бұрын

    Leaving this comment for the algorithm, this content is definitely deserving of millions of views

  • @The_Carmine
    @The_Carmine Жыл бұрын

    paved with good intentions.

  • @damianbouras
    @damianbouras Жыл бұрын

    I don't see conciousness as a nescesity for this to be imhumane. who's to say we don't excedentally create a minibrain that's just 99 percent suffering. considering most emotions, especially primal ones like fear or pain, are primarily processed by relatively small parts of the brain, it's not really that far fetched to think that one of these things might just excedentally be isolated human fear. I think that's maybe even worse than consciousness.

  • @amitvashishtha8713
    @amitvashishtha8713 Жыл бұрын

    Very deep knowledge 🙏👏... Please upload regular content.. U should be a success youtuber... ❤

  • @tristanmisja
    @tristanmisja Жыл бұрын

    I saw that subliminal message! Great video, you deserve way more than 2k subs.

  • @unikracoon1913

    @unikracoon1913

    Жыл бұрын

    What was typed out. I didn't bother pausing haha

  • @tristanmisja

    @tristanmisja

    Жыл бұрын

    @@unikracoon1913 "It's not subliminal if you read it"

  • @unikracoon1913

    @unikracoon1913

    Жыл бұрын

    @@tristanmisja thx haha

  • @daevastafford
    @daevastafford Жыл бұрын

    ... 💀 This channel is so underrated... Wtf, this is my new favourite place bruh 😭✋

  • @adram3lech
    @adram3lech Жыл бұрын

    Hey man happy to find your channel! Can't believe I've never heard of any of this

  • @KickCaesar
    @KickCaesar Жыл бұрын

    man, I'm happy I got this channel recommended this is the type of research I like!!

  • @MrCrunch808
    @MrCrunch808 Жыл бұрын

    Ah, the beginnings of man-made horrors fully within my comprehension.

  • @CanineWolf
    @CanineWolf Жыл бұрын

    Wow, very good quality content!!!

  • @LukeRiedler
    @LukeRiedler Жыл бұрын

    Wow, a good video; it’s been awhile.

  • @anthonymetcalf660
    @anthonymetcalf660 Жыл бұрын

    Fantastic presentation, jokes on point and highly informative an insightful

  • @saijeetdogra9360
    @saijeetdogra93607 ай бұрын

    "The authors were disappointed that they started dying after 60 days" Poor authors rip 🙏

  • @Neon-ws8er
    @Neon-ws8er Жыл бұрын

    wouldn’t it be cool to grow a baby brain and have it control your toaster for you

  • @XcaliburZeRo
    @XcaliburZeRo Жыл бұрын

    This is amazing, everyone.. but isn't there a slight dystopian hint to all of this at the same time? What a time to be alive. They even dosed those mini-brains with 5-MeO-DMT... interesting.

  • @MrCrunch808

    @MrCrunch808

    Жыл бұрын

    If this tech gets advanced enough that it becomes possible to send data and have it process that data and coherently output what we want, I wouldn't be surprised if some companies decide to create consciousnesses that think and feel and then enslave them without a care in the world to power their AI (which is really just a bunch of people at that point.).

  • @chrisgraham2123
    @chrisgraham21232 ай бұрын

    Good content, subbed brother

  • @boratbruno4947
    @boratbruno4947 Жыл бұрын

    How doesn’t this have millions of views?

  • @ctoasa
    @ctoasa Жыл бұрын

    Wao que increíble. Gracias por la información.

  • @gemerpyros
    @gemerpyros Жыл бұрын

    wow wtf this video is amazing. I had to share it

  • @BeyondBorders00
    @BeyondBorders008 ай бұрын

    I would love to hear more about brain organoids and in vitro neurons used for calculation. For example, Dishbrain from Cortical Labs in Australia. There are a number of university research groups also using neurons either in organoid form or in vitro to perform calculations and solve problems. Please cover this topic

  • @jaykay639
    @jaykay639 Жыл бұрын

    GO BIG MODE

  • @anandanil8158
    @anandanil8158 Жыл бұрын

    ok so when will we get cat girls

  • @soberman1520

    @soberman1520

    9 ай бұрын

    Probably Sooner than we expected

  • @izenlonghurst4589
    @izenlonghurst4589 Жыл бұрын

    Fantastic video, can't wait to see your video on psychedelics in medicine

  • @dkt5679
    @dkt56793 ай бұрын

    Great video! Subscribed :)

  • @Sunneyred
    @Sunneyred Жыл бұрын

    Funny asf and informal, earned my sub!

  • @masonjohn4433
    @masonjohn4433 Жыл бұрын

    This guy is hilarious!

  • @RobotischeHilfe
    @RobotischeHilfe Жыл бұрын

    U got my sub, great channel very Interesting and very entertaining easy to understand. Please keep that quality

  • @LukeRiedler
    @LukeRiedler Жыл бұрын

    Would love this for my non profit college for vets.

  • @bnichoo
    @bnichoo Жыл бұрын

    It only took me a couple minutes to subscribe to the channel, incredible stuffs all over

  • @fasaipuengudom5412
    @fasaipuengudom5412 Жыл бұрын

    New sub. 🎉 Watched til the end. Twice. Thank for creating great contents.

  • @pepeshackleford4577
    @pepeshackleford4577 Жыл бұрын

    Expected this video to have at least a million views. I'm so confused

  • @whatisthis839
    @whatisthis839 Жыл бұрын

    This channel has tons of potential, apparently the algorithm agrees. Awesome video. Actually funny host. Interesting subject. Profound philosophical questions. Existential dread. Excellent.

  • @bartlomiejkowalczyk4673
    @bartlomiejkowalczyk4673 Жыл бұрын

    8:07 lol its pentagram

  • @lexflow2319
    @lexflow2319 Жыл бұрын

    Dope channel

  • @cadechristopher6456
    @cadechristopher6456 Жыл бұрын

    I love this channel. 👍

  • @smellthel
    @smellthel Жыл бұрын

    I swear I probably had fever dreams about this

  • @facelessdrone
    @facelessdrone Жыл бұрын

    For those wondering what the image flashed at 7:38 says, it says "It's not subliminal if you read it!"

  • @johnr3936
    @johnr3936 Жыл бұрын

    You are genuinely hilarious!

  • @ToastFrogy
    @ToastFrogy Жыл бұрын

    Yooooo Brain DLC just dropped

  • @matasvitkauskas7541
    @matasvitkauskas7541 Жыл бұрын

    amazing

  • @khmf1
    @khmf1 Жыл бұрын

    07:37 saw that .. wow

  • @PaulWolf-t2h
    @PaulWolf-t2h10 күн бұрын

    I'm a lawyer. Maybe someday I can get one of these guys as a client and defend their rights in court.

  • @jonahvimeo4276
    @jonahvimeo4276Ай бұрын

    good made video - up 👍

  • @tuckersabath2099
    @tuckersabath2099 Жыл бұрын

    Of all the places that brain cells could grow, where most of us find ourselves isnt that bad.

  • @tuckersabath2099

    @tuckersabath2099

    Жыл бұрын

    ... and 11:50 was obviously dark humor, right?

  • @khade12345
    @khade12345 Жыл бұрын

    This is so good

  • @khmf1
    @khmf1 Жыл бұрын

    13:04 Lol Mouse overloards lol.. right on

  • @wormius51
    @wormius51 Жыл бұрын

    "It's not subliminal if you read it!" Dam it took me long to capture that.

  • @DavyManners
    @DavyManners2 ай бұрын

    Hey look, more horrors beyond my comprehension! How long til my phone has a brain in it, silently screaming in terror in the dark as I watch vids of cats falling off counters

  • @f-149
    @f-149 Жыл бұрын

    everybody gangsta till the mouse starts saying its name is john

  • @Charvak-Atheist
    @Charvak-Atheist Жыл бұрын

    Ohh my god, what if I am one of those brain growing on petridish.

  • @VEVOJavier
    @VEVOJavier10 ай бұрын

    Please make more videos!

  • @TheRealityWarper08
    @TheRealityWarper08 Жыл бұрын

    This is horrifying... Give me more...

  • @Warhawk76
    @Warhawk76 Жыл бұрын

    "...can't explain why he's still so annoying." Classic humor, I love it!

  • @lamaman5080
    @lamaman5080 Жыл бұрын

    from what i Think of science can't go too Far since it's a Process of Discovery, it's how you use that Discorvery

  • @abandonedmuse
    @abandonedmuse Жыл бұрын

    Welcome to Oryx & Crake

  • @BladeTrain3r
    @BladeTrain3r Жыл бұрын

    Pinky and the Brain may be less fictional than we thought soon enough...

  • @Usakumi
    @Usakumi Жыл бұрын

    nice vid

  • @sisisisi1111
    @sisisisi1111 Жыл бұрын

    "and probably start listening to Billie Eilish"...that caught me off guard lol

  • @ZER0x1337
    @ZER0x1337 Жыл бұрын

    ok guys i think we are flying a littttleeee too close to the sun rn.

  • @martinwinther6013
    @martinwinther6013 Жыл бұрын

    algo-jazz, cus YT. and this channel needs 7.6m subscribers. yesterday

  • @curiousresearcher308
    @curiousresearcher308 Жыл бұрын

    the hannibal lecter referance made me freeze

  • @3mi3mi
    @3mi3mi Жыл бұрын

    One thing I’m hopeful for out of all of this, is that Alzheimer’s disease might be eradicated within this century; just grow some more neurons and plant them in the brain. I’ve heard about research with stem cells being grown with the purpose of healing hearing loss, so tinnitus and partial deafness may be something of the past as well.

  • @ginger_jake
    @ginger_jake Жыл бұрын

    Had to pause half way through this vid to subscribe and comment ok omw back to learning about mini eyes on a dish brain wish me luck weeew

  • @epochgames3049
    @epochgames3049Ай бұрын

    Pretty soon we will have our own cells make brain enhancements, they will train them in a lab and then hook us up to them lol.

  • @criii4950
    @criii4950 Жыл бұрын

    Bruh I feel My brain widening

  • @harshad3767
    @harshad3767 Жыл бұрын

    10:53..... "Breaking News (2210) : Scientist Are Testing on sentient suit which looks like VENOM "