Growing "Mini-Brains" in a Lab: Human Brain Organoids
Introduction to human cerebral organoids, also known as brain organoids or "mini-brains", which are beginning to be used for biocomputing. What are they?
Support the channel: / ihmcurious
Note: The first line of this video was removed, "Scientists are growing tiny brains", because it may be misleading. Organoids are not real brains, "tiny" or otherwise. The term "mini-brain" has been criticized for implying human characteristics. This channel strives for objectivity, clarity, and accuracy much of the time, so difficult editorial decisions must be made.
Twitter: / ihmcurious
Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:43 Growing Organoids
2:57 Minibrains in Science & Medicine
4:46 Giving Minibrains Psychedelics
5:26 Minibrains With Eyes
6:30 Can Minibrains Feel?
7:22 Looking For Consciousness
9:03 The Future of Minibrain Research
10:47 Human Minibrains Grafted Onto Mice
12:10 What's Next?
Music
Destiny Day by Kevin MacLeod
creativecommon...
incompetech.com...
KZread Videos
3Blue1Brown: But what is a neural network? | Chapter 1, Deep Learning • But what is a neural n...
Sky News: The first lab-grown burger that could save the planet • The first lab-grown bu...
JUST Egg: Cultured Meat: A Vision of the Future • Cultured Meat: A Visio...
Academic Articles
Velasco et al., 2019, Nature: Individual brain organoids reproducibly form cell diversity of the human cerebral cortex www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Linkous & Fine, 2020, STAR Protocols: Generating Patient-Derived Gliomas within Cerebral Organoids www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Linkous et al., 2019, Cell Reports: Modeling Patient-Derived Glioblastoma with Cerebral Organoids doi.org/10.101...
Farahany et al., 2018, Nature: The ethics of experimenting with human brain tissue
law.stanford.e...
www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Di Lullo & Kriegstein, 2017, Nature Reviews Neuroscience: The use of brain organoids to investigate neural development and disease www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Aguilera-Castrejon et al., 2021, Nature: Ex utero mouse embryogenesis from pre-gastrulation to late organogenesis www.nature.com...
Gabriel et al., 2021, Cell Stem Cell: Human brain organoids assemble functionally integrated bilateral optic vesicles www.biorxiv.or...
Trujillo et al., 2019, Cell Stem Cell: Complex Oscillatory Waves Emerging from Cortical Organoids Model Early Human Brain Network Development doi.org/10.101...
Cho et al., 2021, Nature Communications: Microfluidic device with brain extracellular matrix promotes structural and functional maturation of human brain organoids www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Lancaster & Knoblich, 2014, Nature Protocols: Generation of Cerebral Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Clevers, 2016, Cell: Modeling Development and Disease with Organoids doi.org/10.101...
van der Valk et al., 2021, Cell Death & Differentiation: Building inner ears: recent advances and future challenges for in vitro organoid systems www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Lancaster et al., 2013, Nature: Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Quadrato et al., 2017, Nature: Cell diversity and network dynamics in photosensitive human brain organoids www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Armin & Pasca, 2018, Neuron: Building Models of Brain Disorders with Three-Dimensional Organoids doi.org/10.101...
Qian et al., 2018, Nature Protocols: Generation of human brain region-specific organoids using a miniaturized spinning bioreactor www.ncbi.nlm.n...
Dong et al., 2020, Molecular Psychiatry: Human cerebral organoids establish subcortical projections in the mouse brain after transplantation www.nature.com...
Samarasinghe et al., 2021, Nature Neuroscience: Identification of neural oscillations and epileptiform changes in human brain organoids www.biorxiv.or...
Nature Biotechnology, 2021: Green funds for lab-made breast milk www.nature.com...
Most other papers can be found for free on PubMed using the citations in the video. For further information, I can be reached at ihmcurious@gmail.com
Пікірлер: 254
watching this video is like watching the beginning of a scifi movie and will be followed by some conscious tumors invasion
@ihmcurious
Жыл бұрын
lol sounds kinda cute
@ghostagent3552
Жыл бұрын
@@ihmcurious is it really cute if it's more like the THING or something along the lines of flesh monsters from Gemini Home Entertainment?
@ihmcurious
Жыл бұрын
I was picturing little meatwads from aqua teen hunger force. Maybe the alternatives aren't so cute...
Thanks for taking the time to break down the research for non-specialists. This stuff is pretty challenging to synthesize all together. Really enjoying what you've put out so far.
Wait I just checked and somehow you only have 1650 subscriber!? I thought this channel for sure had AT LEAST 500 000 because of the cheer video quality and interesting subject. Why youtube doesn't recommend this to more people really is beyond me. Good luck man and keep it up!
@andrewthorpe3377
Жыл бұрын
He's at 6.27k now. The channel only has 7 videos. I'm sure it will continue growing as he makes more.
@acsilver2777
Жыл бұрын
@@andrewthorpe3377 6.4 now looks like the algorithm is doing its job for once. So glad I found this channel
@deweytann
Жыл бұрын
8.9k now it's growing like a Organoid!
I just stumbled upon you as a creator and you are DELIGHTFUL! I love your deadpan joke delivery and the facts and info in your vids are top notch
@nicandkiritos22
2 ай бұрын
Agreed, jokes delightful,and interesting facts. But I have to say I had a pet rat,...he already had fear response and voice recognition and all those natural things, but placing a mini brain in side would only lead to unnatural " crazy " behavior, and a rejection of the intruder cells. Whatever photoreceptors genes I have make me grimace at light and develope skin cancer, it is suffering , and I can't condone that.
This is very interesting and your videos holds very good quality. I hope this channel will grow because it deserves it. 😀
@byebisontv
2 жыл бұрын
I agree!
Imagine a future where you could just get a new organ transplant. Either growing them or replacing them with synthetic organs I'm 100% convinced it'll become commonplace in my lifetime. I know temporary organs exist right now a friend of mine lived 2 months with a synthetic heart which was the size of a small cupboard next to his hospital bed. And some things like heartvalves are already being made in labs to replace those that show dysfunction. Just imagine. you start getting older your organs start to get worse and worse and you just get a new one in increasing your life expectancy by years! at that point I think the brain is gonna be the toughest nut to crack and I don't see us being able to heal/replace them partially or fully. Also that would just create the philosophical debate of the "brain of Theseus".
How come this videos not discovered?! This is awesome!
I'm usually more into cybernetics but this stuff is cool as hell. Awesome that we're able to do this.
@subspanner
Жыл бұрын
@Invisibility Lock That's what I thought, along with the possibility to replace parts of our brain or even advance them.
@tehdawson
Жыл бұрын
@@Invisibilitylock I think it will be in our lifetimes.
@alanp741
Ай бұрын
i think the use of these organoids could actually help with the work on cybernetics as a middle ground between the digital to the analog
That's terrifying I love it but has some place for good
What an incredibly interesting and terrifying concept. I’m surprised you don’t have more subscribers, this is really high quality stuff. Great work!
You have an incredible ability to distill the most relevant neurobio/neurology/neurowhatever (also bioengineering) topics into a concise and interesting presentation. Please keep it up.
People fucking around with human neurons and mice should really watch a particular episode of full metal alchemist. Just saying...
This is amazing!!! I love your content! wow this guys needs more subs
@quintennobbe
Жыл бұрын
you have my sub and like and share
You really digged deep here. From IPS cell reprogramming, lab cultured meat, disease modifying aspects of custom brain organoids, plasticity change with plastinogens also analogies you presented here like snow-flake structure change of organoids, larger coneectivity status hinting to higher "consiousness" etc. all neatly wrapped with some philosophical explorations and ofc your on-point humour just keeps me engaged in the topic. Hardly have seen anything quite like it with that amount of papers linked (LOVE THIS ASPECT!) in an easy to consume presentation. I really hope you stick to this formular and dont kneel in to youtubes quantity over quality algorithm (at least thats what it feels for me). Patreoned btw.
Man i cant wait for the medical science advancements this will bring with the help of a few brilliant minds.
This channel goes over such dope studies
Just realized this video has 40 000 videos. Have watched alot of your videos and always thought they had a couple million views. Never checked the view and subscriver count till now. Really cool content, i subscribed.
Sorry for blowing up your inbox 😅 just binging your vids. Gotta leave a comment for the algorithm Gods. Cheers
This channel is the perfect mixture of humour and science bro, love it
Cool videos. Glad I got recommended them. Definitely subbed
Every line is just a wow!! 😮
This channel is so good bro you deserve way more subscribers than you have
Great video! I hope all these recent comments means you caught the algorithm, because this is really entertaining and informative!
KZread did something right this time. I’ve always wondered about this topic. You got me dude!
Damn this editing next level🔥🔥
to all the brains out there in test tubes wondering why the fuck its so dark all of the time and why youre so bored: i just want you to know i feel you.
very engaging and high quality video.
Your deadpan humour is really well delivered.
I love how your videos are funny and easy to understand, keep up the great work!
they should try putting human brain tissue in an animal that can talk, like a parrot. That way it could tell us what it's like.
@maneki360nekodude5
Жыл бұрын
Add some human vocal cords as well while we are at it .
@20ZZ20
Жыл бұрын
parrots don't really talk in that way, and don't use language the same as a human although they mimic
@maxpowers802
Жыл бұрын
@@20ZZ20 Only because they don't have enough human brain tissue
@Faunarr
Жыл бұрын
parrots are a terrible idea. Because they don't process language in the same way we do and said sounds to them are essentially just things they could mimic and attract mates with. If you really want to go that route how about corvids? corvids are much more intelligent and have the capability of learning a language to a limited extent and can communicate with it to a limited extent. a corvid such as a crow or raven would be far more suitable for your idea.
@20ZZ20
Жыл бұрын
@@maxpowers802 not really.... parrots replicate human voices the same way in the wild they try to replicate other sounds, they won't suddenly understand grammar etc. and start speaking procedurally with some extra brain
I have engaged, and am therefore become the engagement.
This channel is a gem :).
This vid is awesome man!
Glad i found this channel! Exactly the kind of stuff i love! You present the info very well without compromising on the information. Love it!
Leaving this comment for the algorithm, this content is definitely deserving of millions of views
paved with good intentions.
I don't see conciousness as a nescesity for this to be imhumane. who's to say we don't excedentally create a minibrain that's just 99 percent suffering. considering most emotions, especially primal ones like fear or pain, are primarily processed by relatively small parts of the brain, it's not really that far fetched to think that one of these things might just excedentally be isolated human fear. I think that's maybe even worse than consciousness.
Very deep knowledge 🙏👏... Please upload regular content.. U should be a success youtuber... ❤
I saw that subliminal message! Great video, you deserve way more than 2k subs.
@unikracoon1913
Жыл бұрын
What was typed out. I didn't bother pausing haha
@tristanmisja
Жыл бұрын
@@unikracoon1913 "It's not subliminal if you read it"
@unikracoon1913
Жыл бұрын
@@tristanmisja thx haha
... 💀 This channel is so underrated... Wtf, this is my new favourite place bruh 😭✋
Hey man happy to find your channel! Can't believe I've never heard of any of this
man, I'm happy I got this channel recommended this is the type of research I like!!
Ah, the beginnings of man-made horrors fully within my comprehension.
Wow, very good quality content!!!
Wow, a good video; it’s been awhile.
Fantastic presentation, jokes on point and highly informative an insightful
"The authors were disappointed that they started dying after 60 days" Poor authors rip 🙏
wouldn’t it be cool to grow a baby brain and have it control your toaster for you
This is amazing, everyone.. but isn't there a slight dystopian hint to all of this at the same time? What a time to be alive. They even dosed those mini-brains with 5-MeO-DMT... interesting.
@MrCrunch808
Жыл бұрын
If this tech gets advanced enough that it becomes possible to send data and have it process that data and coherently output what we want, I wouldn't be surprised if some companies decide to create consciousnesses that think and feel and then enslave them without a care in the world to power their AI (which is really just a bunch of people at that point.).
Good content, subbed brother
How doesn’t this have millions of views?
Wao que increíble. Gracias por la información.
wow wtf this video is amazing. I had to share it
I would love to hear more about brain organoids and in vitro neurons used for calculation. For example, Dishbrain from Cortical Labs in Australia. There are a number of university research groups also using neurons either in organoid form or in vitro to perform calculations and solve problems. Please cover this topic
GO BIG MODE
ok so when will we get cat girls
@soberman1520
9 ай бұрын
Probably Sooner than we expected
Fantastic video, can't wait to see your video on psychedelics in medicine
Great video! Subscribed :)
Funny asf and informal, earned my sub!
This guy is hilarious!
U got my sub, great channel very Interesting and very entertaining easy to understand. Please keep that quality
Would love this for my non profit college for vets.
It only took me a couple minutes to subscribe to the channel, incredible stuffs all over
New sub. 🎉 Watched til the end. Twice. Thank for creating great contents.
Expected this video to have at least a million views. I'm so confused
This channel has tons of potential, apparently the algorithm agrees. Awesome video. Actually funny host. Interesting subject. Profound philosophical questions. Existential dread. Excellent.
8:07 lol its pentagram
Dope channel
I love this channel. 👍
I swear I probably had fever dreams about this
For those wondering what the image flashed at 7:38 says, it says "It's not subliminal if you read it!"
You are genuinely hilarious!
Yooooo Brain DLC just dropped
amazing
07:37 saw that .. wow
I'm a lawyer. Maybe someday I can get one of these guys as a client and defend their rights in court.
good made video - up 👍
Of all the places that brain cells could grow, where most of us find ourselves isnt that bad.
@tuckersabath2099
Жыл бұрын
... and 11:50 was obviously dark humor, right?
This is so good
13:04 Lol Mouse overloards lol.. right on
"It's not subliminal if you read it!" Dam it took me long to capture that.
Hey look, more horrors beyond my comprehension! How long til my phone has a brain in it, silently screaming in terror in the dark as I watch vids of cats falling off counters
everybody gangsta till the mouse starts saying its name is john
Ohh my god, what if I am one of those brain growing on petridish.
Please make more videos!
This is horrifying... Give me more...
"...can't explain why he's still so annoying." Classic humor, I love it!
from what i Think of science can't go too Far since it's a Process of Discovery, it's how you use that Discorvery
Welcome to Oryx & Crake
Pinky and the Brain may be less fictional than we thought soon enough...
nice vid
"and probably start listening to Billie Eilish"...that caught me off guard lol
ok guys i think we are flying a littttleeee too close to the sun rn.
algo-jazz, cus YT. and this channel needs 7.6m subscribers. yesterday
the hannibal lecter referance made me freeze
One thing I’m hopeful for out of all of this, is that Alzheimer’s disease might be eradicated within this century; just grow some more neurons and plant them in the brain. I’ve heard about research with stem cells being grown with the purpose of healing hearing loss, so tinnitus and partial deafness may be something of the past as well.
Had to pause half way through this vid to subscribe and comment ok omw back to learning about mini eyes on a dish brain wish me luck weeew
Pretty soon we will have our own cells make brain enhancements, they will train them in a lab and then hook us up to them lol.
Bruh I feel My brain widening
10:53..... "Breaking News (2210) : Scientist Are Testing on sentient suit which looks like VENOM "