GRAM POSITIVE VS GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA
Bacteria have cell walls made up of polysaccharides that give them strength and rigidity. This is important since bacteria often experience variations in osmotic strength from solutions of their environment, and their cell walls prevent them from shrinking or swelling. As a reminder, osmosis is the process by which solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one, equalizing the concentration on either side of the membrane. Nearly all bacterial cell walls have a peptide-polysaccharide layer called peptidoglycan, or sometimes murein. Peptidoglycan is a polymer made up of sugars and amino acids which forms a kind of mesh.
Bacteria can be classified based on their reaction to the Gram stain, which identifies them based on the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls, as gram positive or gram negative. Gram positive bacteria have a thick cell wall, which consists of up to around 30 layers of peptidoglycan. This cell wall surrounds a monoderm, which is a single plasma membrane. Gram negative bacteria have a MUCH thinner cell wall, consisting of a single layer of peptidoglycan. This layer of peptidoglycan is sandwiched between two lipid bilayer membranes called diderms.
We can differentiate between gram positive and gram-negative bacteria by dying them with crystal violet and then washing them with a decolorizing solution. Then, a counterstain is added, for example safranin or fuchsine. Gram positive bacteria will retain the crystal violet dye and remain purple, while the gram-negative bacteria will be stained pink. Note that gram positive bacteria also pick up the pink colour of the counterstain, however this is not visible when they are dyed with the darker purple colour of the crystal violet stain.
The reason for these staining differences is due to differences in cell wall structure, which is the chief difference between gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. The gram stain detects peptidoglycan, and since Gram positive bacteria have a thick, multilayered peptidoglycan layer, they retain the crystal violet dye. Gram-negative bacteria do not retain the dye for two reasons - they have an outer membrane getting in the way of the crystal violet and they lack peptidoglycan to retain the stain.
Although both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria can be pathogenic, gram negative bacteria are more resistant to antibodies because of their impenetrable cell wall. Unfortunately, these bacteria also develop resistance more quickly.
Not all bacteria can be reliably classified through Gram staining. Acid-fast bacteria or Gram-variable bacteria for example, do not respond to Gram staining. Acid-fast bacteria have cell walls that retain stains particularly well. Although they aren’t closely related to gram-positive bacteria, they can appear purple after the gram stain test. Gram-variable bacteria show a mix of pink and purple cells when stained.
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Пікірлер: 373
any body from india like it...
I'm a lab tech. The depiction of the bacteria as happy or depressed is PRICELESS!!! From now on I will always think of this when doing my Gram stains!
@Nina-jc3be
3 жыл бұрын
I always wondered - do you ever get genuinely disgusted when you do your everyday work?
@DX-d
3 жыл бұрын
Comment for the channel: there's a mistake at the 0:10 mark, lower concentration outside the cell, instead of " higher concentration outside the cell".
@mohamedelsawy7788
2 жыл бұрын
anybody knows the treatment of klebsiella bacteria in lungs
@bushrach7483
2 жыл бұрын
Lab technologist or technician?
@Jase-L
2 жыл бұрын
@@bushrach7483 What difference does it make? MT and MLT both do stains. So....who cares?
This 3:09 mins video has helped me more than my teacher discussing it for hours. Lol
@beingfijian1855
2 жыл бұрын
I can relate to this.
@user-vo3wv2kh2b
2 ай бұрын
Hahahaha literally
This is the cutest educational animation I've seen...... those bacterias were so cute and this animation helped me a lot to visualise them and now i don't need to mug up the differences between them I got crystal clear like I've physically met those bacteria
Although I'd studied profoundly the difference between Gram plus and Gram negative bacteria, it was quiet a while ago and sometime it's so nice ,to go back to the basic.The same goes for DNA synthesis, Avogadro's number, T cells vs B cells and so on.
Thanks for an explanation to "What is a Gram Positive or Gram Negative Bacteria?" question without giving a biology lecture on the chemistry of the contents of the cell walls.
@markrobinson9676
4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzread.info/dash/bejne/hoetyc9yqZyzcto.html
@CelenaMorgan
2 жыл бұрын
@April Gonzaga that one is no longer available. Do you have another suggestion?
This has really helped me with my 4000 word essay
@lizhang2849
3 жыл бұрын
I am doing a 6000 words one
@thoracicformula
3 жыл бұрын
My God... Mine is only a 100... How can you make this that long
@yhungstorm9121
3 жыл бұрын
@@thoracicformula college..
@kirankendre6156
3 жыл бұрын
?
@robertbostrom9529
3 жыл бұрын
The IB takes another victim once dreaming of the prospects of doing a Biology EE before dreams being shattered at barley surpassing 1,200 words
Biotech 1000 student here, thank you so much! This is a great primer for intro to the unit, and reminder for the end of the unit
Omg THANK YOU! I needed this! ❤️🙏🏽
whenever i read up on bacteria on wikipedia, i always wondered what the difference was. thank you for enlightening me ♥
@alexanderfrenkel2783
Жыл бұрын
1 - Crystal Violet, 2 - Iodine, 3 - Alcohol, 4 - Purple Fuchsia.
Interesting explanation, bacteria cartoon pics really interesting. Concise, interesting in 4 minutes..Great job. Thank you so much
Very helpful...easy and short. Thanks
this video explains it so much more interestingly than my prof does
A beautiful video. Made a clear differentiation between gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
Peptidoglycan! I just finished my college micro class and that is my fav word from that class. I finished with an A!
God this is so helpful, I'm studying food science and my major depend on a simple explaining like this!! you way more better than most of my professor, thank you very much keep going
@comfortonoigboria
Жыл бұрын
Wow I'm studying food science too. Nice to meet you. What country are you from?
@yeahyeah190
8 ай бұрын
@@comfortonoigboriauk
Thank you you make videos of biological science in a ultimate different way than others make
This is an excellent video. So much time must have gone in doing it. Thank you so so much. Would you please be able to make a video on what happens when different types/ classes of antibiotics are taken by us and so what happens to these gram +ve, gram -ve , acid fast and gram variable bacteria.
@klattalexis
Жыл бұрын
Yes, my vet used to test the bacteria first, in order to prescribe the correct antibiotics for my cats.
Wow ! what a great explanation .... really Appreciable
I Love How The Gram-Positive Bacteria Is Joyful And Happy And The Gram-Negative Bacteria Is Depressed, Nice Touch
Best one..nicely explained # Grow With Biology
I love you, man! Awesome video!
Its amazing ... i had studied the same topic in my tution today ... but this is only cleared by ur super amazing video...thank u ..😁👍👍👍👍
Short but packed information with wonderful illustrations.
@medicaldoctorsacademy8595
2 жыл бұрын
Hey there kzread.info/dash/bejne/X6WmmrWrf9qbpZc.html Shapes of bacteria
@medicaldoctorsacademy8595
2 жыл бұрын
Hey there kzread.info/dash/bejne/iH5opNNymLLedM4.html Bacteria
Great effort. Good job. Much appreciated
Hvala .. lepo objasnjeno 😊😊
Great video - thanks a million!
@markrobinson9676
4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzread.info/dash/bejne/hoetyc9yqZyzcto.html
@akshayadiaries5144
4 жыл бұрын
Yes really nice
Hello, nice video and since you asked for suggestions, here it goes: I'd like to suggest a video about bacteriophages therapy, the restriction enzymes that bacteria produce that often attack palindromic segments of bacteriophages genomes and the palindromic repeats in the human genome. Don't hurry, it's a lot! And thanks!
Muchas gracias por el video, realmente me ayudó!
@markrobinson9676
4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzread.info/dash/bejne/hoetyc9yqZyzcto.html
Thanks for ur demonstration of the differences of the 2 types of bacteria.
Please do one on krebs cycle, glycolysis
It was amazing!!! **thank you man for helping me out**
Great video! The visuals are so helpful! Can you do a video on exotoxins vs endotoxins?
@markrobinson9676
4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzread.info/dash/bejne/hoetyc9yqZyzcto.html
Which software do you use to make these animations? 😊Very nice work! 😊
You really helped me a lot thank you 💖
i do not neeeed to see this rn just when i am abt to sleep i swear every waking moment i think abt micro
I love this video it give me insight..
So helpful..this cleared my concepts
Here for revision and you killed it 🤞
@markrobinson9676
4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzread.info/dash/bejne/hoetyc9yqZyzcto.html
nice explanation, thanks
Wow! This video was so clear!
Brilliant explanation Love from India 🙏🇮🇳🙏
Greatttttt suprrrbbb understand easilyy thank uu soo much sir
Great video .This is so helpfu
Explained really well!!
Awesome video... Thank you so much..... 🙌🙌
Best understanding video 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍really
This is amazing I am medical student and I am have learned a lot 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
Beautiful!
ahora si entendí, muchas gracias wuapo.
Very helpful...Thank you!!!
Best videos; thanks bro
Wow you have explained this so well. I'm learning about doterra douglas fir essentialoil, Bacillus species. (Andrew et al., 1980; Uribe et Al., 1985). So interesting about the diff cell walls of - & +. You are an Absolute LEGEND. Thank you Have subbed & 'All notifications' 👍🙂
Genio! Saludos By Argentina! / Genius! Regards By Argentina!
thanks, helpful content.
Very useful.. thanks !
Nice and charmful lecture.. Sir will you please upload a video on biomolecul
Thank you.It helped a lot 🖤
2:09 don't both cells retain the violet dye first, and when the alcohol/decolorizer is added, in gram negative bacteria outer phospholipid bilayer is removed first, and that the single layer peptidoglycan stretches, creating holes to allow Iodine-Violet complex(after adding iodine) to flow out? Not because the phospholipid bilayer is present?
Thank you for easy explanation
Oh thank you so much. Now I understand.
Nicely presented..
Great lecture
I love that. Its very helpful!!
@shrib.9024
3 жыл бұрын
Ooo...k
Wait if bacteria can swell how does that help determine true bacillus from cocco or rounded bacillus??? 😖 😖 I realize there are more factors/ tests than gram stains but sometimes it's hard to tell under the scope
Very good video!
Awesome video thanks a lot
Thank you very. Please prepare a video on antibiotics history
Thanks man.
Thank you so much! :)
Good video
I never thought that bacteria can be that cute. 😂😂
Please can you speak about the physiology and the anatomy of the body
Very helpful !
Hello bro I am Indian thanks to make this video you cleared my doubts I will pray to lord Krishna to grow your channel
plz make a video on "ultrastructure andstructure of bacteriophage?"
Great video - thanks:)
Do a video on complete human physiology 💝💝
I like it. It solves my condusions.
Nicely explained
very useful
Awesome
Nice video❤️
Thanks sir...from India...very helpful...keep uploading video on immunology ...etc
@user-yv4mq6ex2z
3 жыл бұрын
From Where u ? I m also from india
My way of remembering what kinds of bacteria live where is to remember that Gram negative bacteria exist INSIDE a thick membrane and primarily live INSIDE the body. (Gram positive bacteria live mostly outside the body, such as on the skin.)
@norbertocarrizo7707
2 жыл бұрын
Hola patan Urkullu la hora *gs ! nq o
@norbertocarrizo7707
2 жыл бұрын
nq
Tell about Perisplasmic space
Thank you so much❤
gracias me ayudo mucho con mi materia☺️☺️☺️☺️
Mechanism of biotechnology
can you do a video on cell differentiation ...that is cassification of cells on the basis of differentiation..undifferentiated differentiated dedifferentiated and redifferentiated....
Thank u for this video
Where was all these oh-so-many years ago when I was struggling with microbiology?
The thumbnail sends violent Purple Guy vibes
0:07 the 3rd image labelling is wrong; It should be written as "Lower conc outside cell"
@Yunanuu
4 жыл бұрын
the 1st and 3rd images are also wrong
@markrobinson9676
4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzread.info/dash/bejne/hoetyc9yqZyzcto.html
Could you make a video about immunity.
it was great! thank youuuuuuu
@markrobinson9676
4 жыл бұрын
Watch this video lecture for easy mnemonics to know gram positive and gram negative bacteria kzread.info/dash/bejne/hoetyc9yqZyzcto.html
@lucillebennet4233
3 жыл бұрын
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Helpful sir
may you please teach anti microbial thank you
Audio levels were all over the place, loud then soft then loud. I turned on closed captioning to follow your words better.
Keren banget videonyah mantap kak