I had a wonderful physics professor in college in the 1960's who was able to engage and amaze me. At the end of his lectures the class would just sit in exhaustion and edification. He would actually get applause. You are his progeny. I can't believe I can have this again at the end of my life. Thank you.

@calebcustombricks2631

3 жыл бұрын

That sounds so nice.

@junkmail4613

3 жыл бұрын

knowwhentofoldem 4 months ago, "I had a wonderful physics ... " I'm 71, about 8 years behind you, and I concur. Through computers, the internet, KZread, I'm awed at the horizons evolving before my eyes.

@_ruddegar

2 жыл бұрын

Real powerful comment sir.

@basedkaiser5352

2 жыл бұрын

Shut up.

@TrippaMazing87

2 жыл бұрын

That's so sweet!

From the time I was a small child, astronomy was always my favorite topic, even ahead of dinosaurs. My prized Christmas gift was a telescope when I was ten years old. I devoured any and all material related to astronomy and astrophysics. As an adult, life got in the way as it so often does. School, bills, responsibilities, relationships, etc etc etc. Finding your channel is like running into a lost love from long ago and rediscovering a passion that was only a shadow in my memories. Thank you so much for what you do. An inspiration!

@CoolWorldsLab

4 жыл бұрын

Thank-you! As children I think we all appreciate the night sky and wonder - my job is to try and rekindle some of that wonder about the stars.

@TheExoplanetsChannel

4 жыл бұрын

.

@brentgreeff1115

4 жыл бұрын

I had a huge coffee table book of the solar system that I got for Christmas when I was about 7 - I think the photos were taken by Voyager. I would sit for hours in awe of these worlds. I got another big book later that included Hubble's Pillars of Creation, which for me was absolutely unbelievable. The universe would be amazing enough, even if we are alone. The spectacle of it all is sufficient, but - James Webb: I am expecting you to knock my socks off. - I think something inconceivable is just moments away.

@ElComandanteR7

4 жыл бұрын

Same had tons and tons of astronomy books. Always checked them out in the library these huge texts books on astronomy. I even have a telescope now but I don't have time or a good place to look up at the stars with.

@geemanbmw

4 жыл бұрын

@@CoolWorldsLab and your doing an awesome job my friend.

I am so glad that this kind of content is available on the internet. Especially when you consider how much garbage or even outright nonsense there is. Thank you! I really enjoy these videos!

@Joevlogs1092

Жыл бұрын

Agreed

@evildragon9862

Жыл бұрын

If nonsense offers at least jobs for entertainment industry and sci fi publishers, and hardcore science can only offer depresssing conclusions "nothing is possible", there should be no surprise that something is available/demaded ad somethg else is not.

Love this professor. When he talks and emphasizes his sentences, it actually keeps you awake and focused to keep learning clearly.

@egwenealvereiscool7726

8 ай бұрын

Ngl keeping students awake is a pretty low bar for a professor

In a world that seems to be going to hell in a hand basket, once again Cool Worlds delivers a calming description of our place in the vasteness. I believe we all needed this. CHEERS

@taaviparn9175

4 жыл бұрын

Nah, there is nothing much wrong with world. Just our perception of it. We focus on the small things.

@madeovstarstuff

4 жыл бұрын

@@taaviparn9175 Lots of things wrong with this world and humans are the cause of it all. We are the virus that is steadily killing planet Earth.

@taaviparn9175

4 жыл бұрын

@@madeovstarstuff True. Death is the easiest way out of this mess.

@NikolaosSkordilis

4 жыл бұрын

@@madeovstarstuff We really are a virus. So what we need is either to reduce the "viral load" (by either reducing the number of human births, significantly cut down on the usage of resources or both) or expand to a new host, i.e. start a massive colonization of space. We are too many, consuming too much (if everyone consumed as much as the Americans _four Earths_ would be required..), living in a limited space with very limited resources and an equally limited atmosphere that is continuously overheating due to the tens of billions tons of CO2 we pump into it. Yet the global financial system keeps on assuming that there can be infinite growth from finite resources. That worked only up to around the '70s, then it collided with reality. I fear that we will be half-fried and with tens of meters higher oceans before we are ready for a massive colonization of space, which we should be by the end of the century. Earth needs quite literally a breather, though at the moment only Mars is a viable candidate.

@MikeKayK

4 жыл бұрын

@@NikolaosSkordilis Who exactly are you comparing us with to determine that we are "too much?" I jest, of course. Indeed we should be striving to better ourselves and our world, but it's still hard for me to self-deprecate the human species when this is our first stab at this thing we call civilization, with no others to learn from or compare to.

This riddle has many ways to approach it, and finding exoplanets is the part I will take. It's like a strategy game, the better you know the map the better you know where the other player could be. So back to the TESS-data.

@unf3z4nt

4 жыл бұрын

Assuming that only 1 in 2500 stars have one (or, for almost our case, two) planets that have their surfaces defiled by life of any form, that is only a pitiful 100 to 200 million stars out of 200 to 400 billion in this big sordid disc of dust and gas having inhabited planets. Given this planet's paleontological record (1 billion years of macroscopic life out of 6 billion years the Earth stays habitable) I would say only around 20 million planets have flora and fauna. Assuming humans (as much as they fuck up on the civilization game) did play it far better than most other civilizations, I could only say that we and everybody else are a pretty lonely bunch indeed. For a handful of lucky and diligent bastards who won the doomsday lottery and colonized a few star systems, this loneliness would follow them and become ever so soul crushing; in this game there are a pitiful few or no survivors.

@MikeKayK

4 жыл бұрын

@@unf3z4nt Think about the possibility that had Theia not impacted just so, life may not have begun in the oceans and the Earth wouldn't have seasons or tectonic activity; that if the Cambrian explosion not happened (due to perhaps oxygen level changes, ozone formation, snowball earth, etc) the planet would still be dominated by simple life; had the Chicxulub impactor been a different size or landed in a different spot, dinosaurs would still be ruling the Earth. Etc. Etc. It's clear that not only would conditions on a world need to be just so, but that world would need to go through very specific events to have even a remote possibility of evolving intelligent life.

@alexohana3441

2 жыл бұрын

@@MikeKayK if you’re right this is probably just a simulation anyway

@jacobely6826

2 жыл бұрын

@@alexohana3441 perhaps, though there's no way to disprove such a theory and thus saying we live in a simulation is akin to saying the universe was created by God. A nice thought but utterly unprovable. Not to mention, just because of the unlikelyhood of life doesnt mean its not practically guaranteed simply by the amount of planets in our universe. Even within the observable universe there's an uncountable amount of galaxies each with an uncountable amount of planets. Even if only one in 100 trillion planets harboured intelligent life, there would still be thousands and thousands of civilised planets out there due to how many planets our universe holds.

On the graph: "Systems that are settleable" may mean something very different to a species that predominantly doesn't live on planets (our likely future).

@tramachi7027

3 жыл бұрын

Thats what I thought aswell. I mean. A reasonably advanced civilisation (Its an assumption here ofc) would evolve way over the need for a single, habitable planet. I mean. The sheer amount of resources needed for such exploration would emerge the neccessity of resources outside of that planet. But this inturn flips the switch actually. For us currently, habitable Systems require the need for exo-planets we could survive on (just like earth). For us currently, the resources *our own Solar System possesses* seem unimaginably large and would (as for todays way of living and consumption) seem to last forever. But what if a civ so advanced for Interstellar Colonization. Habitability means the need for an entire Solar System to harber enough resources, not just a single planet. And thus, needing to look for Solar Systems with a reasonable amount of planets and cosmological objects (like Comets, Asteroids and lots of Proto-planets and planets in general) A Solar System might have only a handful of large planets and few asteroids and moons to get resources from to build these things and to keep the settlement alive. I agree that Habitability can (and probably will) be a constant state of change (altough this should have a cap as the ultimate usage of a Solar System would include the Star itself) and for us currently its the need for *a* habitable (with resources) planet. But a larger more sophisticated civilisation might consider the entirety of a Solar System to be needed. Also we shouldnt forget. Stars have different life ranges and different stages they are in. Ours is roughly half-way through with its life but many stars only live for some tens of millions of years so thats another factor. Habitability can mean smth different for different species. For us its a single planet (hopefully not too long anymore until we use the resources of the Solar System instead of the rock we live on), for others its the need for entire suitable Solar Systems.

@arcamemnon9193

3 жыл бұрын

Agreed, the notion that simply finding a habitable world similar to our own is all that is required is naive. Finding a breathable atmosphere that doesn't kill us two breaths in will be far far harder I believe and will ultimately require living off planet in a station/vessel with an atmosphere compatible to life.

@noneofyourbeeswax01

3 жыл бұрын

@@tramachi7027 We have already evolved on earth to the point that instead of adapting to new environment we adapt the environments to suit our needs. I suspect that we shall simply continue to do this, to the point where our technology will allow us to exist anywhere, including - and mainly - in off-planet space colonies, just utilising raw materials in the void and processing them.

@sv0010

3 жыл бұрын

Good point! My guess would be that advanced civilizations could quickly (on the time scale of planetary colonization) overcome the necessity to mine resources beyond their local galactic neighborhood by limiting their population growth rate and finding ways to produce and replenish natural resources efficiently, so that resource consumption and production plateaus at a constant value. If so, colonizing other systems (a very laborious task I guess) wouldn't be essential for survival, and natural curiosity, which I assume as the key driver behind their innovations, could turn them into curious observers without the need to visit and / or disturb other systems. Lots of assumptions on my part as well though :D

@dsdy1205

3 жыл бұрын

@@tramachi7027 Keep in mind also that the entire wealth of the Solar System stored in planets and rocky bodies is but 1% the mass of the system. 99% of it rests within the Sun, which can be extracted through stellar lifting, and has the pleasant side effect of slowly turning your star into a long-lived red dwarf.

I can't believe this type of content is just free for us to watch whenever we want. Thanks for your service friend!

I really wish you could release these more often. Love the subject matter, the music, narration. This is genuinely amazing, inspiring, calming, thought provoking. Thank you!

@CoolWorldsLab

4 жыл бұрын

Obviously I'm not a full time KZreadr - my main job is discovering new worlds! But I love being able to share this with you as much as I can.

@chippysteve4524

4 жыл бұрын

Dude! If he was a full-time KZreadr he wouldn't know a fraction of what he so generously shares with us mere mortals! It is better to be thankful rather than greedy :-)

@BlackGambit

4 жыл бұрын

@@CoolWorldsLab your voice is so soothing and the music is calming!!

@rusmiller816

3 жыл бұрын

@@chippysteve4524 Dude! The op was incredibly thankful and not greedy in the slightest.

@narwhal9852

3 жыл бұрын

@@CoolWorldsLab you should find one with life then lol

That guy was as amazing to listen to as you are. God what a great session it would be listening to you two discuss thing between you.

@CoolWorldsLab

4 жыл бұрын

We had a great conversation after the camera stopped!

@Turtledove2009

4 жыл бұрын

​@@CoolWorldsLab Talk with each other again, with us please.

@mrtomsaa

4 жыл бұрын

@@CoolWorldsLab Maybe next time don't stop the camera, never know what kind of interesting material can come out of it :)

@ben_jamin160

3 жыл бұрын

THEPOLISHEDKNOB YT channel for real grey alien footage. BLOW YA MIND COOL WORLDS YO!!!! am scottish so that makes it funny

@marcorona-campos4192

3 жыл бұрын

Must better on acid.... know from experience

There is some comfort in knowing the people who have the same passion, enthusiasm and Curiosity! Our universe bears an untold story and there is no greater agony than that! Ty Prof

I think chances are we’re not alone. Two people who spent their whole lives isolated on a island might think smoke signals are the most sophisticated form of long distance communication. They may also believe no one else exists. Little do they know there are billions of other people who use radio frequency signals to communicate. We might be on that island right now

@Arterexius

8 ай бұрын

there are a lot of assumptions packaged into that idiom

@joeroscoe3708

3 ай бұрын

I feel like we're little ameobas floating in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, looking around and saying "I dont see nothing, i think it's just us out here"

@pallehansen1145

3 ай бұрын

I think you are correct, we use communication methods so outdated we have no idea of the flurry of activity that is actually out there! They probably use quantum entanglement to communicate, a method that facilitates instant communication clear across the universe, and which is impossible to listen in on. That's why we aren't detecting them.

@joeroscoe3708

3 ай бұрын

Could be there _is_ something...or _Someone..._ out there, but They are so far removed from what _we_ are (like how we experience time and space)...that we could brush right up against em and neither of us even know it Intergalactic ships passing in the cosmic night

@RonBest

2 ай бұрын

@@pallehansen1145 Quantum entaglement doesnt work for communication. You cant actually send data/information faster than the speed of light. The quantum entaglement is indeed instant, but there is no way to extract data/info from it. I think Cool Worlds actully have a video on that topic explaining in great detail why it doesnt work.

"Compelled to spread their seed" Hol' up there, Sagan

@roberthouston3824

3 жыл бұрын

That is exactly our purpose and commission, as it is with all creatures/beings. "Be fruitful and multiply, fill the earth and subdue it." Anything less and we shouldn't be.

@SofaKingShit

2 жыл бұрын

@ Robert Houston Yeah, well actually the subduing bit seems to be proving to be somewhat more and more tricky. Surprising that you wrote that during last year's fire season. Only worse since then.

@bosharoo

2 жыл бұрын

@@roberthouston3824 it was a joke Robert

@sirsia1st

2 жыл бұрын

The thing is, enjoying copulation is there but as education and knowledge becomes more readily available, there doesn't seem to be as unwilling drive to procreate. Populations are declining through out the world the better educated the population is. It may be that colonizing worlds is too hard and the benefits too little; an equilibrium for resources may be achievable on a single planet. At most a single solar system. We may never leave our solar system even if we can.

@Houshalter

Ай бұрын

​@@sirsia1stcolonization isn't a solution to population growth anyway. Populations grow exponentially, but you can only expand into space quadratically. And only until you hit the edge of the galaxy. But the peoples that do colonize space will become vastly more numerous than those that stay behind. Eventually almost all humans that exist would be descended from the individuals and groups, that had the desire to go out and reproduce.

Getting a new Cool World Vid makes me excited like a kid everytime

Great and well thought out video. I've been thinking a lot about the expected behavior of advanced civilizations which is not that often discussed. What would be their motivation for visiting other star systems? Exploration, or looking for new worlds to settle? This would make a huge difference. If you have a generation spaceship capable of travelling for hundreds of years to nearby star systems, then you will likely need a complete ecosystem on it with all resources being constantly recycled, which means you don't really need an actual planet to live on anymore. If a new planet with life were found there would be concerns of contaminating it (this is already a concern when exploring other planets and moons in our solar system). Also, just because a planet is suitable for (and contains) life does not mean it's suitable for the life forms to settle on, the environment would need to he very close to that of earth which is easily ensured on a large rotating spaceship with but little chance of everything being just right on the planets being visited. So it's likely that most of the time these alien planets would be studied and possibly used to resupply resources without a permanent settlement. This seems more logical than the scenario in which every planet capable of supporting life would become a settlement.

@Hman202

Жыл бұрын

Why not both? Resupply and settle at the same time. It's not like you could actually land some gargantuan rotating spaceship.

@falsevacuum4667

Жыл бұрын

I completely agree. Furthermore, you wouldn't even need quality planets at all, just some rocky bodies like asteroids as well as water which is in the form of ice everywhere in space. You should be able to "inhabit" every star system while simultaneously considering planets too troublesome.

This is the fourth time that I watch this episode and I can honestly tell everyone that this cool worlds channel is done as well as anything I've ever seen

Your voice is so calming. Takes me back to my childhood, the Cosmos, and Carl Sagan. Thank you.

I just finished my re-reading of the Foundation series of Isaac Asimov. Currently audiobooking Nemesis. And reading Robert Heinlein "The moon is a harsh mistress " Busy days huh ? Greetings 🤝

@meervi77

3 жыл бұрын

Our Universe is the Matrix Universe. I mean one guy floating in the void got bored, stopped being a pain to the other bored mentalities there and just popped over and made us. He lives in Chicago.

This is an extremely interesting and informative video. Thank you! I think there is another conclusion we can obtain from this. Sending colony ships shorter distances should be vastly easier and safer - travel time is shorter, speeds are lower and thus collisions are less destructive, ships need less energy to send and more importantly - stop the journey at the end. So colonizing a system half a light year (e.g. in a globular cluster center) away should take a lot shorter than colonizing a system 4 light-years away. Therefore a civilization that manages to establish itself in a dense star location has much greater chance of having a habitable star nearby, and greater opportunities to colonize even with a shorter life span. I think this is where we need to look for intelligent life, as it is the easiest place to sustain life. You simply need a critical mass of stars to start a chain colonization. It would be nice to plug in stellar density in the graphic to show how it changes the chances. Maybe we are living in a region where stars are simply too far away from each other to be worth expanding into, and this is why we don't see aliens in our solar system. I did not see this in the simulation shown, but I think tweaking the parameters would show it.

@jeremyjery01

2 жыл бұрын

True

@rogeriopenna9014

2 жыл бұрын

We didn't go to the moon because it was easy, but because it was hard. The amount of energy is an non issue for any civilization with tech to send a colony ship a single light year away. They will have giant collectors around the parent star, fusion power, able to generate in good quantities and control adequately anti matter...

@disastergarage4261

2 жыл бұрын

100% true,, but its not the only reason... and rogerio,,, soon as a civilization has fusion all bets are off on dyson spheres and vast machines in space... Dont need em.. so try again pls

@rogeriopenna9014

2 жыл бұрын

@@disastergarage4261 try again what? And any civilization will have more than one source of energy. You can have Dyson sphere collectors for giant lasers to propel ships outward the system, but use fusion or antimatter for the rest of the trip and deceleration So try again

Thank you, I love your job here so much, both the whole area's research and your divulgation of your discoveries and insights. I think it's essential for us here that doesn't live by and breathe these subjects and thoughts to have some doses of this marvellous field of thought and knowledge.

One huge and not often addressed question is: having escaped from a gravity well, why would anyone go back down one? Terraforming planets is likely to be extremely difficult and resources available from terrestrial planets will be much more easily available from comets and asteroids. Dyson swarms are far more practical than living on planets and would allow civilisations to gravitate towards red dwarf stars which will last hundreds of times longer than stars such as our sun, even if they cannot produce life or civilisations themselves. If you want to know where all the smart people live, that's far more likely than anywhere else: in Dyson swarms around red dwarf stars. Are we even looking in the right place?

@ontoverse

4 жыл бұрын

There's also the possibility of abandoning stars altogether as soon as you have a single, even partial, dyson swarm-- make a swarm of black holes and then eject your synthesized civilization into the streams of the galactic filaments and feed the galaxy-mass flows into your black holes. You'll have enough energy for Type III projects until heat death or big rip.

@garethdean6382

4 жыл бұрын

We are; Dyson spheres obscure stars from view, but emit a lot of waste heat; the star's energy can't just vanish into nowhere. A galaxy full of Dyson spheres would be a dark, infrared one. We can't rule out these sorts of civilizations entirely, but they too can't have spread far or we'd detect their heat signature which would look very unnatural.

@johannes0110

4 жыл бұрын

"Terraforming planets is likely to be extremely diffuclt"... Yeah, and it's a piece of cake do build a Dyson swarm :D

@IanBourneMusic

4 жыл бұрын

@@garethdean6382 Not Dyson spheres, Dyson swarms. Very different things. Dyson spheres are unstable and unlikely to be found anywhere

@robertkooiman27

4 жыл бұрын

I agree! Also finding a planet with an atmosphere that doesn't kill you in seconds, with gravity, temperature, day/night cycle in a comfortable range can be tricky. Building cylinder shaped habitats in space as part of a dyson swarm seems to be the logical solution.

Beautiful video....keep up the great work cool labs...hands down yall are my favorite science based channel

@johannes0110

4 жыл бұрын

Marcel Estabillo The physical detail playing together with the emotional and philosophical aspect on this channel is indeed truly unique ;)

Absolutely love these videos .Thank you so much for the time and effort you put into giving us great content. Much rather watch these than some reaction video or someone playing a game.

Always waiting for new videos honestly could watch your channel all day. My 5 year old son also has an interest in astronomy he watches your videos with me and I can't wait till he fully grasps it all. Thank you so much for sharing your ideas and knowledge.

Just my opinion but this is sone of the most interesting and cool way of learning this information. Thanks Cool Worlds.!

This was probably the best video on the Fermi Paradox I've ever seen. So by these parameters, when it comes to discovering alien life we should more expect to be archaeologists, not ambassadors.

@turbocayman8047

4 жыл бұрын

Yes, I agree. Well done, very informative and very well presented. Expect for that Rainbow Colored graph, did have to to stop the video and try to study it for a while. I'm still not totally sure about a couple of those colors.

I had to rewatch this. Phenomenally done. Thank you so much for displaying the importance of taking an unbiased and unemotional approach to discovery. Nice visual reinforcement with the red jacket and blue undercoat as well ;) I look forward to your next upload, as always.

Wow amazing visuals, content, and so inspirational! Very well thought out, and I had always pondered about the fermi paradox. Just stumbled across and I am planning to watch all your videos :) Thank you!

I still like the thought that we may simply be the first life form that is able to reach for the Stars or even ponder it. There may be more to come, but isn't it possible that the Earth is the first time for the conditions on a planet to be just right? Maybe we had the perfect combinations and percentages of elements from just the right supernova remnants. As more matter gets turned into heavier elements, maybe more Earths and more sentient beings will come about.

@andrewrecard5857

4 жыл бұрын

Even with the right compositions, abiogenesis needs to occur, which we know almost as much about as the fermi paradox.

@pseudonymousbeing987

3 жыл бұрын

We're pretty lucky then. It looks like we're lucky in most ways that you cut it. I feel as though this is something we should be more thankful for.

@fisterB

3 жыл бұрын

All the things that went exactly right with Earth makes me wonder if we are mindboggingly unlikely and the fine tuning of the universe itself seems unlikely on another level entirely. The answer could be that many many many 'failed' universes exists. Most of them totally empty, so it follows, we are not there. By the observer effect, once in a while a very unlikely civilization, bewildered of its own remarkable conditions, pops up, all alone in a single instance out of trillions of universes. Then we are, in such a scenery, all alone in this universe.

@fisterB

2 жыл бұрын

@@benghazi4216 We can probably keep the milkyway together for a long while, maybe even the the local group, but in a far future the particles will eventually evaporate. Maybe really advanced tech could be used to create a baby universe to escape into.

@fisterB

2 жыл бұрын

@@benghazi4216 Keep in mind that this is relevant in the far future when 'we humans' and what we are good at is a distant memory at best. Who knows what we will be able to...but given that you think we can halt the expansion, it seems to me that a planck scale rebound would be rather hard to survive.

Only channel where i love to learn more about space.. Thank you for all the content and great explanations🙏🙏😊

Building an empire requires a lot of ego, which is one of the first traits a truly advanced civilization might cast aside.

@hadhamalnam

2 жыл бұрын

I doubt the idea of an empire in the first place. With communication between the closest stars taking on the scale of years, it seems completely impractical to have any sort of global government or organization. A galactic civilization would be a completely decentralized network of stars each of which communicates only with its closest neighbors.

@user-pj9ie4bs1z

2 жыл бұрын

I think the expanse got it right with a group just wanting to set off on their own

@runalongnowhoney

2 жыл бұрын

@@user-pj9ie4bs1z It's Pilgrims all over again....

@mill2712

2 жыл бұрын

@@hadhamalnam Realistically, galactic sized civilizations would be all but impossible to maintain except for civilizations that can safely go percentages of the speed of light and even then you could only with some difficulty, control a few ten's of light years.

Nicely done, both the simulations and the conclusions . Thanks for sharing!

Such a great video! Thank you for all the work that you and your team do! Your videos really make me, and I'm sure a lot of others, and definitely re-watch and and process information and all your videos!

@CoolWorldsLab

4 жыл бұрын

Thanks so much!

Very interesting topic and great video! To Prof. Jason Wright: Apart from "space-faring" civilization, would it be possible to tweak the model and use it to simulate the expansion of simple life? Panspermia that is. It would be interesting to see the gamut of galactic "colonization" possibilities when relying only on close encounters between stellar systems and slow speed life-bearing rocks/dust, and taking into account that simple life requires less constraints than complex organisms/civilizations in terms of durability and planet habitability.

@pansepot1490

4 жыл бұрын

Panspermia has been proposed only as a way to bypass the problem of the development of life on earth. No biologist I have listened to considers it a serious possibility.

@johannes0110

4 жыл бұрын

For that you would have to postulate a new Fact A, because this would have nothing to do with the Fermi Paradox anymore, which centers around the lack of complex, intelligent life

@nembobuldrini

4 жыл бұрын

@@pansepot1490 While not addressing the problem of the origin of life, panspermia can still be considered an useful factor when determining the probability that a planet in the galaxy is hosting life. Supposing that life emergence is rare, it would change a lot if at least some of these life systems would be able to roam and survive across interstellar space. Even considering modest speeds, in fact, an entire galaxy could be 'inseminated' in relatively (cosmologically speaking) short time - and here is where the simulation from Prof. Wright would come at hand! About the plausibility of panspermia, I would not set it so low. Tests have been made to see if spores could survive the extreme conditions of violent material ejection from a planet, with positive results. The major hurdle seems the survival rate in space: Spores could sit well embedded and protected inside a large chunck of rock, but we have no experiment proving how long they could survive. However, when comparing this feat with that of humanity being able to safely travel across the stars, it might not seem so far fetched after all.

@adamwu4565

2 жыл бұрын

It seems to me that this model could very easily be modified for a panspermia situation just by changing the starting numbers. You replace "technological civilizations" with any and all life (so that number could get much bigger, change "settleable systems" to mean systems with habitable worlds that can support non-intelligent non-technological life forms (which might decrease the number somewhat), alter "lifespan of a colony" to mean the entire habitable period of a planet (increasing the number from thousands to millions of years to hundreds of millions to billions of years), change the frequency of a colony ship being sent out to mean accidental dispersal (which likely drops the number by a lot), and the distance of travel now becomes how long microbes could potentially survive drifting through deep space on something like an asteroid or a comet chunk rather than how long a colony ship could be built to last.

I love all your long form videos David. Thank you.

I wanted to drop a line to say: thank you for your wonderful content. I thoroughly enjoy watching and contemplating your videos. 👍

@CoolWorldsLab

3 жыл бұрын

Thanks Roydon!

What I find really interesting about that plot, is that it really doesn't require anything about planets, biological factors, etc. Meaning, if tech allows civs to build space arks and live w/o planets, then there is still some limiting factor making space arks unsustainable in orbit around 90-100% of stars for any length of time. If so, we would be in the blue area. Stars ALONE have some habitability factor period. Even on a space ark, something makes most stars too hostile for civs - regardless of how you try to "farm" them your civ must die out before it can spread.

@ontoverse

4 жыл бұрын

Well, it still has a universal assumption that 10 billion years is significantly larger than the average time it takes for space ark civilizations to arise in the first place. I guess we can interpret the boundary as an indication of the spread on that time -- so _if_ there are many earth-like civilizations, the average time for any one to send their first ship from the formation of the galaxy ought to be within a few million years of each other in galactic time. Might seem like fine-tuning, but do we really know enough about abiogenesis to say that conditions in the entire galaxy was suitable for that ten billion years ago? I find that is also a rather large assumption. Galaxy-formation becomes important here too -- the Milky Way certainly didn't look like it does now 5 billion years ago, much less 10. It would be another interesting parameter in the model!

@z-beeblebrox

4 жыл бұрын

@@ontoverse "but do we really know enough about abiogenesis to say that conditions in the entire galaxy was suitable for that ten billion years ago? " No but in a broader sense we have some idea: the earliest stars were too energetic to support life and likely sterilized any planet in their habitable zone. That completely clears out the first billion years after the big bang. Additionally, many vital elements like carbon require progenitor stars to have died first, and heavier elements require supernovae. It's not entirely clear how many Earth-native elements are needed to ensure life is possible, but there's most definitely a minimum and it suggests more than one star life cycle to have passed. But supernova-prone star systems are often not very long lived, so 10 billion years in the past could be considered the very extreme end of the scale, if we imagine the universe is super life-friendly. If the universe is more demanding of what it requires for life, that range can shrink all the way down to approximately when the Earth formed on the opposite extreme end. But keep in mind: even in the case that the Earth formed life first in the galaxy, that doesn't mean another planet couldn't have overtaken us and formed sentient life first (ie imagine if the Triassic extinction never happened), and that jumpstart could easily put another civilization tens of thousands or even tens of millions of years ahead.

@DFX2KX

4 жыл бұрын

Thing about this is: Any spacecraft that can manage interstellar travel in the first place is going to be perfectly suitable as a permanent home around the majority of stars. the only outright uninhabitable ones are the very large ones that explode quicker then you can forcibly siphon mass from them/the objects orbiting them. The technology required to get to other stars is pretty much the same as what would be required for that. Planets are, for an interstellar species of any kind, just gravity well you have to waste fuel to crawl out of, until you've used all of the lower-cost mass for other stuff. That said: There is definitely a minimum age of the galaxy that could feasibly host intelligent life;life itself requires a lot of materials which have to be made in supernovas of various types (some of which are very rare), and intelligence isn't guaranteed to evolve. From what I can gather based on my limited understanding of the subject, we showed up about as soon as we possibly could have, give or take a few tens of millions of years. Given that, I wouldn't be too surprised if we're the first or very close to it.

@physics_hacker

4 жыл бұрын

A thing I don't see many people considering is that it's more than a matter of life to form. Yes, that requires "metals" (as in the astrophysics term for anything not hydrogen or helium) but getting the technology required to build ships that can travel interstellar distances may require even heavier elements than just life requires. Forming life and intelligence does you no good toward making an interstellar civilization if they can't get the materials to build a spaceship.

@gergelyszekely9778

3 жыл бұрын

@@DFX2KX Taking your ideas one step further, if interstellár civilizations do not need planets, then why would they ever leave their home star in the first place? What's the point in travelling light years just to orbit a different star?

Man this was good!! Sometimes I need to come back and comment later because your videos always give me a lot of great information to ponder upon! Already looking forward to your next one! Thanks for all the great work and dedication your team does!!

@CoolWorldsLab

4 жыл бұрын

Glad you enjoyed! Yes we aim for replay value - these are deep topics.

@dmeemd7787

4 жыл бұрын

@@CoolWorldsLab 😊😊😊

@dmeemd7787

4 жыл бұрын

@@CoolWorldsLab In regards to Fact A, couldn't it be quite possible and even plausible that if an intelligent civilization or civilizations (even ones no more advanced than ourselves for example) may decide that their best chance of creating life elsewhere, saving their specific species or other life from their home world throughout a galaxy, etc. may be a man-made form of transpermia/panspermia so to speak..? Where civilization(s) could send out very small or really any size objects in extremely large amounts that contain highly complex or only slightly complex forms of DNA or some other form they feel could survive re-entry and start life on another planet whether that be mixing with what's already there or having it start from scratch. I can see this being reckless, but I digress in this particular thought experiment. As a kind of silly calculation: If these were small and they could fit 10,000 per launch and just launched 1 ship every (Earth) week for just 100 years, that is 52,000,000 right there. So if we were able to Target various star systems or exoplanets and wanted varying amounts to go to certain amount of these to get to the surface, then there could be a lot of planets that are 'Fact A' and don't even know it... it doesn't seem far-fetched that if we knew our own end was coming that we might try this ourselves and if even just one planet was able to start evolving life, then there's the potential in a few billion years for life of varying degrees of intelligence to occur and (let's jump ship here a little bit and say that they also come up with a version of their own regarding Fact A) - they would be in the same boat as us wondering why we don't see anything due to evolution. Because of the vast distances and times, planets with artificial transpermia may never know the difference from natural transpermia, thus a Galaxy full of life from which the origin is already become extinct. So essentially relying on probability and the hope that life could again flourish somewhere in the galaxy besides Earth. I know I'm leaving out lots of details and most likely, well very likely (😊) didn't express my thoughts as clearly as I would have liked to, but hopefully what I'm trying to say gets across to some - and besides, but there's only so much space and time in the KZread comment section 😊😊

Congratulations! Excellent presentation and easily understandable for a rather complex issue. Well done.

Fascinating format. you guys should do a pod. I think if/when we get out there, it will be with tiny 'nanoships' which may or may not have seed material. The little robots make life habitable enough for us and then we 'seed' the planet. As for other life? It's too early in the game for us as discoverers to have enough data to make an educated guess for my lazy mind, but you guys are doing a great job!

Thank you so much for my bedtime storytime from South Africa. I love it.

@shatner99

2 жыл бұрын

Good night.

Even if there are technological civilizations out there is a big assumption to say even one of them would be interested in, our even capable of selling the entire galaxy. I like the guests approach, let's just look instead of assume. Great vid as always man.

@TheExoplanetsChannel

4 жыл бұрын

:)

@Gryffon3

3 жыл бұрын

That's actually far from the biggest assumption. It doesn't require every civilization to have this will, in only requires, as he has stated actually, a tiny minority of them to want to expand everywhere. Considering this is exactly what our civilization wants to do, it doesn't seem that unlikely.

@holdinmuhl4959

3 жыл бұрын

There is one thing I believe in: The universally applicable laws of economy. The whole uneverse follows the principles of economy, i.e. stars, life, civilizations. We are in the stage of the beginning of the exploration of our solar system only now. Further developed civilizations may have gone far beyond so that they shall have explored their surrounding stars. This is not yet the stage in which they may be capable to settle down in other solar systems. Within a certain time they will have so much knowledge of the universe that the remaining questions cannot be solved by travelling around any longer, the more that the demand for energy will grow exponentially the farther travel will go. Economically speaken, the marginal utility of further gains in knowledge by travel will be no longer bearable, the more that the problems of sheer existence in their original solar system will grow the older the civilisation becomes. I don't have in mind our present "little" problems with pollution and climate or limited ressources but much more substantial problems like to overcome the problems of their aging sun and other changes in their environment or even dangers we may not even imagine now as our present knowledge of matter, energy, time and space is much less developed. So instead to explore and even settle on other worlds they have to concentrate their ressources on much different and much more substantial topics than we may even imagine. The experience of our civilisation is an experience of expansion. This may be a common and neccesary stage in the development of a civilizations but a temporary one. Further development shall be much more intensive than extensive I assume. It is not that a civilization may be wanting to expand but the type of civilization itself shall change by time. This may be an explanation of "Factor A". They are there but it is not useful for them to explore any single planet in the universe by travelling there. Even for us it will make no sense at our present stage of development to send people to every planet and planetoid in our solar system. What we have to know we may learn by unmanned probes and telescopes. And we will.

@mrnomadic1111

3 жыл бұрын

@@holdinmuhl4959 That is a very solid point you make

@ericjorgensen6425

2 жыл бұрын

Machine life will find almost all star systems settlement and will likely have long settlement lifetimes. Seems like we have to explain why no civilization will eventually make machines that can self replicate and explore.

Even if we find nothing, we had to look.

Really good video! Well done! My questions and assumed answers were well covered. 👍🏼

Basically everyone on the planet: Has to stay inside. Cool Worlds: Let's release a video about going out through the entire galaxy.

@Malfunctsean

3 жыл бұрын

Bogdan Corobean. 😂 good one. Couldn’t have said it better.

Wonderful video as always! Thank you! When thinking about this topic, I always think about how little progress WE have made in all that time - took billions of years before earth formed, and billions before humans emerged - simply because setbacks happen all the time.. so I do think the galaxy is full of life, and some may even have left their birth world, but probably not enough for us to discover them - yet ...

This video is so much informative and true to hear. Thanks!

I love this type of information. I have always loved it. I always wanted to know everything and this to me is the apex of everything. Keep this information coming.

Thank you for a terrific thought-provoking video. My thoughts (given my knowledge of evolution etc) are that it is almost certain that life exists elsewhere in the galaxy. However, whether or not it has the capacity or motivation to travel through space is more debatable. Given humanity's limited achievements, and the likelihood that we'll progress no further (see imminent economic, environmental collapse), other civilizations might have emerged and then collapsed before making significant progress in space travel. Anyway, keep up the great work!

@jeremyjery01

2 жыл бұрын

Exactly

@atheisticgreyblob3284

Жыл бұрын

Which is so horrifyingly tragic, isnt it? Life is so competitive, growing ever more aggressive against everything to adapt, grow and conquer its environments; who knows if that also applies to the planet the life starts on. Evolution unchecked would eventually lead to sentient, conscious beings with intelligence enough to completely destroy itself/planet host due to resource overextraction/fossil fuel burning, use of chemicals harmful to host planets ozone layer ect... Maybe life is just one giant sickness that a planet gets, and if it doesnt kill it out quickly, we take IT over, destroying it in the process. (Dont stress about it too much, this is just speculation and conjecture... or is it? 😏)

There are a number of points people are missing. Technology development is becoming increasingly invisible. I can imagine a portal technology (within the next 50-100 years) where civilizations spread out to explore without creating mega industrial signatures or even using spaceships. It may be that planets are not where people live, it is where they visit. People could live as they largely do today in artificial environments (inside buildings/cities) that are externally shielded for security reasons (radiation temperature etc). In that sense the universe could be teeming with life which is undetectable from outside the local area, but connected through this portal technology. Just a thought.

@anthonyhutchins2300

3 жыл бұрын

We definitely aren't that close but I can actually get around what you're saying. It's almost like if you never knew what internet was you wouldn't know there's this entire universe of people and information floating all around you. Cool thought

@rusmiller816

3 жыл бұрын

As I understand it, if the universe was indeed teeming with life, it would produce great amounts of waste heat energy as it consumed the matter necessary to exist. This heat energy would be detectable from afar. I suppose it is possible a civilization could have learned to live in stasis, using only the energy it needed or recycling its waste energy, but it is doubtful that every civilization would possess this technology. At least some civilizations should be detectable. A thought, though, what if the the portal technology utilized this waste energy as its power source and turned it back into matter? I doubt there would be enough extra energy left over from mere existence to move entire civilizations throughout the galaxy but it's an interesting thought that there could be planet-sized diamonds filling up a cosmic junkyard somewhere.

@rb3872

3 жыл бұрын

The question being asked is not 'why are we not seeing anyone out there'. There's too many assumptions needed and lack of data available to answer this question, the outcome being biassed either way or, at best, being a mere probabilistic statement (which I really love btw, with the current lack of verifiable available data). The question asked is, 'if intelligent life is out there, how come FactA is there too'? Fact A being the lack of alien colonisation of earth. I had to backwatch the exact problem too, as I was looking at the nice plots and realised that it was unclear to me what Fact A was (missed it in the beginning of the vid). It is another way to look at the fermi paradox, and in a way, being far less biassed as any of the outcomes of 'why arent we seeing anyone'?

@pseudonymousbeing987

3 жыл бұрын

@@rusmiller816 I would expect that with advancement comes efficiency. Why does an advanced civilisation necessitate large energy consumption? I'd like to challenge this idea. What if civilisations do not end up expanding outwards, but instead go inwards? Why go out into real when you can delve into the new real? Why constrain yourself to the rules and dangers of reality when you can create your own? I envision digital civilisations chugging away steadily and stealthily. Far away the silent others live in their dreams.

@phxcppdvlazi

3 жыл бұрын

@@rusmiller816 not necessarily. if advanced civilizations are smart they could choose to live in absolutely massive virtual worlds, housed in Matrioshka brains, which have a relatively low heat output, no more than an average hot star, yet house trillions of trillions of individuals.

The plot at 18:10 is one of the best plots I have seen. I really like how information rich yet easy to parse it is.

Just because we’re expansionist doesn’t mean alien life has to be. When looking at the Hubble Deep Field image, the thought of being alone becomes incomprehensible. Even if there’s one advanced species per million galaxies, that adds up to be quite a lot. If a human like civilization existed on the other side of the Milky Way, we wouldn’t know. Too many human concepts are being applied to life that is, well, entirely alien. People who believe we’re alone are uncomfortable with the futility of their own existence in a vast, random and chaotic universe.

@Hy-jg8ow

3 жыл бұрын

If you have a civilization 256354 galaxies away, we would never meet anyways, that's in PRACTICAL terms still completely being alone. Of course we would never be able to confirm such a scenario: in practical terms such a density of extant civilizations are indistinguishable from their literal nonexistence - as far as we are concerned, they do not exist. It would never lead to a meeting of minds, we would never experience each other's reality. People who believe we are not alone, even though we have no evidence showing we are indeed not alone, are people who are uncomfortable with the thought of being mortal and isolated in a truly meaningless and futile, vast, random and chaotic and forever silent universe. What's the use of caressing a belief in a state of affairs which can never come to be confirmed, nor experienced? It seems to me that the true possibility of we being alone strikes a fear, an existential dread more uncomfortable in people, than the desired warm and fuzzy hope of not being alone. Believing, nay accepting the notion that we are actually alone, is actually the less arrogant, more hard to swallow, incomparably more existentially unsettling and intellectually honest position. I would argue, that after the death of gods, we cling to aliens for the same dire need the universe left us hanging with: the need of companionship of another mind greater or equal to our own, the need for us to be somehow needed, or significant to something else rather than to only ourselves. An empty universe devoid not only of benevolent gods, but devoid of any minds capable of meeting ours is a prospect we are naturally built to abhor - its the same feeling of kids feeling lost and abandoned. The hope for life elsewhere in the universe, and especially the hope for intelligent life of the sort is the surrogate-religion, the crypto-gods of post-religious humans.

@Mandrak789

3 жыл бұрын

Looking at huge number of vastly different life forms on Earth, either alive or long gone, from simplest bacteria to humans, one thing which is common for everyone is exactly - expansionism. Drive to spread, occupy as much space as possible, and outcompete others is natural, without it no species can survive. So it is reasonable to assume that alien life should behave the same. @Hyπατία - good post

@unicornonacid2465

3 жыл бұрын

@@Mandrak789 But is expansionism a product of having evolved on earth? If we where to look at how life evolved on earth and apply the same rules to life else where, you could well say that inteligent life is extremely rare even on planets where life is present. After all of all the billions of species that have existed only 1 has evolved to the point of forming any sort of civilization.

@RialuCaos

3 жыл бұрын

Expansionism is a common behavior promoted via natural selection. Through expansionism, a species may begin to live in a variety of different environments, which increases the likelihood that the species will not become extinct from changing environmental variables. It is a behavior that is highly unlikely to be missing from other organisms (without intentional editing of their genome to eliminate the behavior).

@WaxPaper

3 жыл бұрын

@@Hy-jg8ow Where can I read more of your writing? Lol, damn. Seriously, you have knack for it.

I have seen tons of videos about this topic and I'm always amazed by the fact that one very simple explanation for fact A is never even discussed - which would be that aliens simply observe us and let us live peacefully, as we sometimes observe wildlife without interfering with it.

@adamwu4565

2 жыл бұрын

That explanation simply does not work unless Aliens are already very rare. If alien civilizations were common, just how likely could it be that EVERY SINGLE ONE of them chooses to only observe us? That there are NO opposing opinions among the aliens about what to best do with inhabited worlds like Earth with primitive civilizations on them? That there are NO alien poachers, NO alien missionaries, NO alien adventurers who just what to meet us, NO alien profiteers who want to trade with us, NO alien drunk vacationers who ACCIDENTALLY crash into our planet and reveal their existence? Or that the alien researchers tasked with observing us without revealing their presence NEVER screw up, NEVER make any mistakes, NEVER have equipment failures, NEVER have individual researchers go rogue, NEVER have any unavoidable accidents, NEVER, EVER, EVER do anything that breaks the facade and reveals their existence to us? If there was just ONE alien civilization in our galaxy doing this, one might just imagine they could succeed. Even with just TWO it becomes much iffier, especially if they disagree and one of them wants to contact us. If there were THOUSANDS? That just isn't credible to imagine that it could be made to work.

@Neognostic-pk5wu

2 жыл бұрын

It actually does get raised as a possibility quite often. So much so, it's often colloquially referred to as the "Game Preserve" theory

@dsdy1205

Жыл бұрын

I mean, it's literally given the coolest possible name in Star trek, I don't know how you'd never have heard of it

@fabrizionastri9484

Жыл бұрын

Thanks ! Glad to see it's already reached pop culture. I just wish that public awareness of this basic idea would still grow further so that people would stop claiming that absence of signs was a sign of absence.

@fabrizionastri9484

Жыл бұрын

I do think its an amazing video tough. I'm sorry I failed to mention it as a start !

Wow. This was so insightful. Thanks man

Man, being totally honest here. That man speaking was the highlight of my year so far. I legit would love to listen to him talk about this subject at length

I am stuck at home, waiting with bated breath for some cerebrally enhanced entertainment.

@CoolWorldsLab

4 жыл бұрын

We’ll see you soon then ;-)

@caturdaynite7217

4 жыл бұрын

I live in a rolled up newspaper in a garbage tip. Ah, you we;re lucky!

@martiddy

4 жыл бұрын

"Cerebrally enhanced entertainment". I will use this definition when people ask me what kind of KZread videos I watch.

@colinsmith1495

3 жыл бұрын

And, pleasantly, cerebrally enhancing as well!

I also sometimes question why we assume they would even want to colonize. There might be a people out there that for some reason either have no interest in exploring and colonizing space or have given up on the effort to do so. In which case we might not recognize them because their impact on the galaxy isn’t significant enough to notice. Like trying to find a single ant while watching the rainforest from a helicopter.

@TheBlindfischLP

Жыл бұрын

This is not an assumption. For the fermi paradox to be solved you don't just have to explain, why many of the civilisations are not interested in colonizing, but you would have to explain, why not a single one civilization wants to do that.

@dylanbond1627

Жыл бұрын

@@TheBlindfischLP Which, obviously, is impossible to do. "Can't prove a negative", so to speak. It's not about solving Fermi, it's about how most people who talk about Fermi generally don't bring this up as a potential solution. It makes a lot of sense, especially given the premise that it's simply not practical to travel further than the closest star, no matter how advanced you are. What's the incentive to expend the huge amount of energy it would take, to set up a colony you know you'll eventually lose contact with? It seems more likely to me that you'd *move* your civilization, out of necessity, but not colonize. If that's the case, we might have a better chance of happening upon some ruins than an active civilization. Or not, because their old planet was destroyed.

@TheBlindfischLP

Жыл бұрын

@@dylanbond1627 it's not a valid Fermi paradox solution, because a single exception out of potentially millions of civilizations. Also noone says, that you'd have to move your entire civilization, colonization supposes, that the original civilization is still there be they establish new ones. The "maybe not everyone wants to colonize"-Solution is brought up by almost anyone first hearing about the Fermi paradox, but upon further thought it breaks down, because "not everyone wants to colonize" is very different than "everyone wants _not_ to colonize".

@svendtang5432

Жыл бұрын

Not willing but there is also not able.. we think we can just board a ship and take it out of here.. think of the millions of things that a single colony ship (which will take incredible resources to build) will face.. i do not think a galactic civilisation is even remotely possible - i wish i was wrong but actually do not think it possible.

@RunfromDangerMan

Жыл бұрын

@@svendtang5432 oh I agree. All the things that they’d have to face, plus all the unexpected events that could occur. But you have a point. Even if colonizing a planet went 100% successfully the amount of time it would take to create self-sustaining colonies on other planets, the original planets and colonies would die out. It would be nice if life survived indefinitely but it doesn’t.

In addition to Occam's Razor, one must remember 'Milton's Paradigm': "The secret of comedy is timing!", and 'Aeschulus' Corollary': 'The secret of tragedy is timing!', And 'Hagen's Reflection: "The difference is 7 seconds!."

Great video, it is refreshing to see some hard science on this subject rather than speculation and educated guesses. The research mentions the lifetimes of colonies, so I assume this absorbs the fact of cosmic events destroying civilisations. What I wonder is was the Galaxy less hospitable to life in the past but is now entering a more hospitable period? How much do the parameters discussed in the video change over cosmic time scales? I suspect the Galaxy started off at the bottom left-hand side of the graph and is edging its way towards the top right-hand side. This rather neatly removes "tuneable parameters" from the equation.

The way he described hitting a tiny pebble at relativistic speeds... hilariously accurate. 😂👍🏽

@pszulu

2 жыл бұрын

That made me despair a little.. 😭

@MaloPiloto

2 жыл бұрын

True, Raevn One!

Great and well thought out content as usual. Considering the vastness of the cosmos, the same chemical elements making up matter, and just from a probability stand point. I'm willing to bet on that we aren't alone in this universe. We may be alone or among so few in our galaxy , but just not close enough to have productive communication. Hence the silence we hear.. The same may be applicable in other galaxies and each is just an oasis harboring one or just a few advanced civilizations. This might be one of those questions we may never really be able to answer! Especially regarding distant galaxies that are in fact moving further away from us as we speak. Those might be out of our range in any viable way and thus, not pick up technosignatures. So we cannot on fundamental level really say we are truly alone in the cosmos. Regardless, a subject worth pondering.

@BB-rh2ml

7 ай бұрын

The probability standpoint is unknown as we don’t know F~L and F~i. The probability of life could be 10^-100 and the probability of intelligent life from that life could be 10^-100. That would mean even with Trillions of stars, the probability of life is extremely minuscule

This is by far the best take on Fermi's Paradox I've ever heard!

Thanks for your work, it's exceptional.

This is amazing! Thank you!

I believe that life is more or less common but life with the type of intelligence necessary to give them the capacity to produce such constructs are just too rare. There might be 5 to 10 species capable of extraterrestrial travel in this galaxy and none of them managed to make such complicated machine.

@TheGunmanChannel

4 жыл бұрын

Or live on a planet more massive than Earth, making it much harder to even leave their planet and get into space in the first place.

@krisztianpovazson4535

4 жыл бұрын

Or the whole "space colonization" cultural fad isn't trending elsewhere (or long enough) in the first place. Most sci-fi concepts, and even the Fermi "paradox" were conceived in the era of late European imperialism, loaded with its assumption of constant expansion.

@cortster12

4 жыл бұрын

@@krisztianpovazson4535 All it takes is one self replicating probe to colonize an entire galaxy in less than a million years, so this I doubt. Not to mention that if 99% of an alien planet's culture decided not to spread, and 1% did, that 1% will suddenly become the majority as they leave their fellow stubborn 'I'm not leaving this planet!' aliens behind.

@krisztianpovazson4535

4 жыл бұрын

@@cortster12 You clearly didn't understand what I wrote. There is no compelling reason to believe anyone rational would actually invest in such colossal and essentially pointless (as you can't control the colonies or probes) endeavour, no matter how much percentage thinks it "wants" it for the brief time it is culturally fashionable, and even less reason to believe the results, on the miniscule chance that they exist and survive, will carry on the same thing. And self-replicating interstellar machines are impossible and/or worthless.

@cortster12

4 жыл бұрын

@@krisztianpovazson4535 All it takes is one probe, and AI will be a thing, so I don't see how that's impossible it hard to see happening. Unless you're saying AI itself is impossible. With that I say this: the human mind exists, doesn't it? That alone should be proof enough that intelligence can exist within the boundaries of our reality, thus it can be replicated.

The analysis of the depth of assumptions and the variety of the variables and how complexly they interplay is amazing. It doesn't even get too deep into things like 'how likely is it life will form' and 'how many habitable planets are there'. It's main focus is just 'what time-scale issues impact the problem and what relationships between them form what results'. Even given ideal situations for the formation of life and habitable planets, this analysis shows us that rare interstellar empires are quite possible. Based on my own understanding of the number of factors that play into 'Earth like', I strongly suspect that 'life as we know it' is quite rare, if not unique. Interestingly, recently I've been thinking about the possibility to predict the odds of intelligent life forming given the number of species on Earth that haven't gotten there, vs the one that has. I'm not certain about the prospect, but contrasting it to the famous problem of how likely is life to form given the conditions (So far we have 1 case out of 1 possible cases), it seems like more solid footing at least. With that in mind, we first have to address how much development has to take place before advanced tool-users are even an option. No one's going to expect intelligent life to pop up from single-celled bacteria. One big criteria for that 'tool-users' criteria seems to be the pre-frontal cortex, or some analog to it, as this is what allows the entire 'what if' analysis to play out in the first place. Abstract thought seems to be critical. Looking at the evolution of the brain on Earth, it's only recently that the pre-frontal cortex has appeared, and it seems likely that it wasn't much of an option more than a few tens of millions of years ago. Given the vast diversity of life on Earth, still seeing that only a handful of species have even begun the development of it, and that most apes seem to have kinda stalled (at least compared to the runaway advancement of mankind in the same timespan), it seems like the odds of any single species developing intelligence is extremely low. Of course that gets contrasted against how many species form in a planet's lifetime past that first 'it's possible' stage, but again, so far on Earth, it's only one. That's all just a very rudimentary analysis, though. I don't have the statistical training to do the in-depth work for that.

This is an absolutely fascinating way of looking at the Fermi paradox.

Thanks for another great video! Its up there with your artificial gravity one!

@CoolWorldsLab

4 жыл бұрын

High praise given how well that video did!

@TheExoplanetsChannel

4 жыл бұрын

👌

The biggest problem I have with Fermi's Paradox, and indeed this (extremely good) video, is the massive assumption that planetary based colonisation is, and always will be the best way to propagate a species throughout the galaxy. First of all, we haven't even colonised another planet yet. We haven't even begun to dream about the technology that would make that truly possible, and who knows? When we get there we might find that there are insurmountable problems that come with living on another planet. For instance, every mammal on Earth including us, has evolved to grow a foetus to full term and give birth in more or less 1G. Ergo if we were on Mars at 0.3G any foetuses would develop with horrible abnormalities. Perhaps its not such a big jump to think that if you have the technology to jump between stars, then why not simply live on that tech and use it to explore? Thus Fermi's Paradox is solved; Where is everyone? A: Floating around looking for someone to talk to.

@seanwaddell2659

2 жыл бұрын

Well even if only the original planet is habitable and all other planets are still inhabitable, you should still colonize to create space settlements that are. Like even if we assume that say, Venus’ gravity isn’t enough and humans can’t develop in .98g, ok, have them develop on a space settlement, O’Neill and the like, and work for short periods on Venus. And you could do the same for Mars or Mercury, with shorter work periods. Mine the planets and carve out asteroids, fill em with habitats for people, or infrastructure, like massive server farms to hold digital people. Resource acquisition is a convergent instrumental goal, no matter what your ultimate goal is, you should gain resources.

@doubleRprodutions

2 жыл бұрын

@@seanwaddell2659 Agreed, but I'm saying that it is assumptive to think that the best way to gather and store those resources is by any means planetary.

@blazednlovinit

2 жыл бұрын

@@doubleRprodutions Planets are good for resources because they're collections of large amounts of matter, and resources are often made from matter :P

@adamwu4565

2 жыл бұрын

With our current state of knowledge, we sort of HAVE to make these assumptions if we want to even think about this topic at all. Short of throwing up our hands and saying "it's beyond are capability to even imagine, so we shouldn't even try" we just have to accept that we have to have these assumptions. Having assumptions isn't a bad thing, so long as we remember that they ARE assumptions and are ready to change them/replace them once we have actual data telling us what the parameters are more likely to be.

@blazednlovinit

2 жыл бұрын

@@adamwu4565 Archaeology is a good parallel in this regard. A lot of the time they don't know what happened and can only guess... my friend studied it at university, he once said to me "for all we know, we might have lived in huge treehouses in the neolithic era.... just we don't have any evidence that points towards it, we DO have some evidence that said we lived in caves and on the ground..." So in the back on every archaeologist's mind is, "we could be wrong"

The problem with Occam's Razor is that it defines the situation regardless of evidence. For example, it is indeed a possibility that it isn't possible for a species to develop FTL travel, but it could also very well be that, perhaps there just isn't a specific element in their region, which is required for such things. But Occam's Razor will throw other possibilities out of the window.

Great content. This is what KZread was made for. Thanks, I truly love your channel.

Keeping in mind that our exploration of the universe is really just beginning, I think it seems perfectly reasonable to assume that intelligent life as we define it (us) could be commonplace and that higher life forms simply reach a point at which they are unsustainable; essentially destroying themselves. Another possibility is that intelligent life forms that have managed to avoid self destruction tend to be reclusive in nature, harboring a desire to remain isolated as a function of self-preservation. What I think may be even more likely is that there is a mixture of both types with the more conservative reclusive intelligent forms being more prominent by their very nature and the light from these worlds hasn't reached us yet or may never reach us due to the expansion of the universe.

Dude i love your videos sooo interesting. Ive never thought about all these assumptions that the fermi paradoxon has. Which made me think the assumption that all of alien life would have the desire to colonize other planets in the first place. For us on earth this thought is so obvious that the prof didn't even mention it. All life on earth wants to spread so it would likely that it is that way in the whole galaxy/universe right? But that is just an assumption. What if intelligent life is aware of the desire to spread and for whatever reason acts against that instict. Any thoughts ?

@CoolWorldsLab

4 жыл бұрын

If there just a handful of intelligences out there, I think one could indeed reason that. I think it gets harder if you expect there to be thousands, or even millions. Because it all takes is one expansionist entity to go ahead and disrupt Fact A.

@sithlordhibiscus9936

3 жыл бұрын

On some level, aren't we already doing just that? Isn't the assumption that all humans want to procreate and spread already present? If you look at the world as a whole, globally, birthrates are declining despite the fact that overall, sex is not. Paradoxically, Greece has both the highest amount of sex, yet is also one of many countries that have dangerously low birthrates. Some studies even suggest that the more formal education (i.e. "Intelligence") a person has, the less children they produce. Albeit that I'm defining the word "spread" liberally, without the creation of new life, there simply can't be expansion through colonisation and that is a conscious choice we're making. I'm also acknowledging that there are many other factors that go into determining viability of procreation and the desire to spread but if we focus solely on innate biological drives and historical behavioural patterns, for the sake of simplicity, this is what we observe. Likewise, not all life on earth wants to spread to other planets, myself being one of them. We evolved to thrive only on Earth and any other planet or natural satellite would come with great challenges. Extending this behavioural pattern and rules of evolution to other potential intelligent lifeforms, of which I'm dubious, I would think this to be the norm, rather than the exception.

Fact B: Cool Worlds is an exceptional KZread channel.

I am grateful for the expansion of ways of, Thinking/ Believing by watching your well-developed methods of message delivery. It is leaving open the ways of seeing and believing until we have more definitive information available. PS... I have never seen live, right before my eyes, a "UFO" or whatever they now call the phenomena of unexplained crafts appearing in the atmosphere..

I’ve always maintained my own assumption of what if interstellar civilizations have formed some sort of galactic UN, and agreed to wait for a sentient species to hit a certain point technologically and culturally before approaching them. It offers a possible explanation for lack of contact/settlement. We could be surrounded by hundreds of species, nations, and organizations and it’s not that we don’t see them, they don’t let us see them.

World: in shambles due to COVID-19 Cool worlds: gAlAcTiC cOlOnIzAtIoN

@gilgamesh310

4 жыл бұрын

Because it means nothing when you take into account how long the universe is around for. Even if there was a 12 Monkeys still virus that killed 90% of us, we’d still have the ability to bounce back. There needs to be an event so cataclysmic that it wipes out entire civilisations.

OMG! Here it comes another cool worlds masterpiece!

You have a Nice voice, love to listen to you and learn

By far the best info show on KZread! Make sure you guys subscribe to him to keep good quality content around

Hello, great work Dr. Kipping, as always! I HOPE we are alone in the universe. What an opportunity to be the ancestral civilization !

@CoolWorldsLab

4 жыл бұрын

It would a remarkable responsibility.

@MaloPiloto

2 жыл бұрын

That it would be, Dr. Kipping!

this is the most compelling answer to the Fermi paradox i have ever heard.

@solsystem1342

2 жыл бұрын

I'm just still confused why everyone is focused on planets instead of space habitats.

Such an awesome idea having scientists that publish papers coming onto to the channel to be interviewed. I really think this is how science should be moving forward. The concepts explained by Jason are pretty easy for a layperson to follow. It feels as though there needs to be more research done on plausible timescales of colonization. This assumes that an intelligent species would somehow tolerate travelling on a ship for thousands of years (what is their life spans? Does this species even perceive time the same way life does on this planet? How would this species collect and use resources and energy when so far apart from any star? What sort of engineering would be required to have a ship that can survive thousands of years of operation and maintenance?).

I'll donate my GPU and CPU power for a Folding@home galactic simulation...

@THX..1138

4 жыл бұрын

Yeah in winter I let my PC run full-bore so it warms my office like space heater.

@turbocayman8047

4 жыл бұрын

@@THX..1138 Hey, wait a minute... I thought you escaped your "office" and made it to the surface!

First I doubt very much we could detect an identical civilization to ours even if it were only say 40 light years away. Also I think radio is a terrible way to communicate across stellar distances. We've scarcely ever transmitted anything with radio our current tech could detect from more than a few light years away. Lasers are more than a little superior for the task of interstellar communication and i doubt we could detect interstellar laser communications that were not directed at us. So the fact we haven't detected other civilizations is IMO meaningless. The fact that they are not here that's a tougher cookie...Well , who's to say they are not here or that they have not visited in the past. I doubt very much if aliens wanted observe us without our knowledge we would be able to detect them. For instance Aliens could easily have satellites motoring us from orbit and even if we saw one of the sats we would almost certainly think it was of human origin rather than alien. It may well be we are some galaxy spanning civilization's version of the Sentinelese. They tried contacting us in the past, we were a pain in the ass, so now the rules say leave these people alone...Or it may be they find us painfully stupid or they simply think we don't taste very good and so our alien overloads lost interest in us ages ago. Any road my guess as far as advanced civilizations go is we are alone or nearly alone in our galaxy. You know, maybe lot of life, not a lot of chess champions. The Milky way may simply not have been habitable for as long as we generally believe. If we assume 4 billion years is the average to produce a civilization at our level, but worlds in our galaxy with environments like ours that stay stable for billions of years only became possible in the last 4.5 or so billion years. It would not be surprising if few or no civilizations have yet begun to expand across the galaxy.

@channelbree

4 жыл бұрын

IMO there are multi-galactic civs out there right now, we are simply currently meaningless but are likely known about, cataloged. Civs who's domain spans several massive galaxies probably live for thousands of years or more, we live life sooooo fast and then it's over, aliens might think over centuries, we think in hours/days. There is so much we have yet to discover about the nature of reality but one thing that pleases me is people like yourself and across this comment section are curious about the Universe - often when I chat with my partner on topics like this she drifts into boredom!! I totally agree with your point that radio comms are not the way - I've heard a well known SETI researcher say that we still use fire today even though it was invented by our earliest ancestors therefore radio comms will still be utilised, maybe so, I just feel that we are yet to figure out how to communicate and travel over light years effectively and the ageing process will be integral in our evolution.

these are some of the best cosmology related essays ever. carl sagan would be proud.

Sir, the pace of you speaking (words/minute) is so Calming, in a way that a Non-Expertize person like me can dare to understand the Oblivion😇

Always so profound videos!

One thing I feel often gets overlooked when considering interstellar colonization: Space Habitats. You can make your own many many earths by constructing massive swarms of rotating habitats. So a star system with no earth-like worlds could very well be populated too. Think of it like making your own artificial oasis in a desert and building a city on it. In fact, it would be easier to make several hundred habitats with many times the surface area of earth using metallic bodies like asteroids and planetoids. It may very well be the preferable way of living rather than taking the massive effort of terraforming.

@adamwu4565

2 жыл бұрын

This, however, makes the Fact A paradox worse. It means that expanding alien civilizations are even less restricted in what star systems they can colonize. Even one with no planets at all, just some asteroid and cometary debris fields, would be perfectly fine for them. Indeed, once they reach a tech level where they can do Star Lifting they can colonize any star at all, even ones with NOTHING orbiting around them. Which means that even if they never came to Earth specifically, we should expect to see our Solar System filled up with their artificial habitats, at least some of which should be in the size and brightness range of normal asteroids and comets, which we can already detect fairly easily.

Your videos are just beautiful thanks guys x

I love Jason's objective approach to the Fermi "Paradox"! Let's look and see the upper limits based on data, and then we'll determine what behaviours and probabilities of emergence could create the shape of what we do and don't see out there. And here.

Great video! I like Prof. Jason Wright. He's a really clear-headed thinker. EDIT: and reading the comments is a gold mine of "cool" ideas too, unlike many other channel comment sections I've come across. Good job everyone!

Thank you for all you do my friend...

Best video about the Fermi Paradox and more specifically Hart's "Paradox" by an intergalactic light year.

Cool Worlds is such an awesome channel! I am addicted!🌸👍

I once visited Nantucket Island,stayed on the northeast side of the Island. It was prewinter,so at night it was about +12 ° at night. Night there.....was wonderous. I lived in Black Forest,Colorado as a child to teen. I would as many times I could be outside at night laying on my back,just staring at the great line in the sky above me. But when I was in Nantucket...I could see Everything... In full color,you could actually see the colors of the Milky Way,the gas clouds,everything. I could actually see where we were in the galaxy,in a way I never saw even in Colorado. It gave me a perspective,that...all this above me out there,we can't be the only ones... It also gave me the vastness and size of everything around our beautiful world. It was an emotional moment of awareness in a question of the biggest question...are we just it? It's something I recommend,go to Nantucket and see where you really exist in the Universe. It's a connection and thought provoking on a level few places in the world will have that. But I also feel a meeting if possible would literally be astronomically lucky and extrordinarily rare to happen. I hope to be alive if that ever happens.....

Very Nice! Keep going with this work!

Such fine work....What a delight it must be to be one of your students!

Huh I didnt expect to see the cover art for The Kardashev Scale album by Greydon Square at 4:20. Nice! Great album

You are just awesome Man😊... Hats off to your efforts 🙏...