***Author's Note*** KZread has stopped sending me email message notifications anymore and it seems impossible to get those turned back, they might have some volume maximum, so my apologies if here and elsewhere I start missing replies to comments, I'll try to keep up with new videos by manual scanning and check on others occasionally but I'm sure I'll miss a ton and I felt folks ought to know that I wasn't deliberately snubbing comments and not deigning to reply.

@prakadox

6 жыл бұрын

That's very polite and considerate of you, Isaac. You're Awesome!

@solexxx8588

6 жыл бұрын

Let me guess wild one, you voted for trump and think he is doing a great job of taking your healthcare away?

@Adamwofford

6 жыл бұрын

Isaac Arthur how about kinetic fields from mass effect, is that what your talking about

@almcdonald8676

6 жыл бұрын

Keep Isaacs channel politics free please. This is a forum for the sober meditation upon the wonders of the cosmos and genteel conversation. You fucking libtard. That was a joke. Peace.

@mysticvirgo9318

6 жыл бұрын

rude

When I contemplate space travel:"I wonder how long it will take us to colonize Mars." When Isaac Arthur contemplates space travel: "Damnit we need to get out there and Dyson every star we can before they waste more energy."

@Brandon33akahk

6 жыл бұрын

Teboski78 Lmao, sounds about right

@bombasticbill9607

6 жыл бұрын

Actually if you watch the black hole farming episode, it would be more like let's wait 1x10^100 years until the energy of lighting a match will be comparable to a supernova

@ChrisBrengel

5 жыл бұрын

LOL! Too true! You may be thinking too small. I think moving galaxies of black holes at the end of time might be it.

@grapy83

4 жыл бұрын

Hahaha... LOL. I get the same thoughts after being introduced to this channel.

@brianawilk285

4 жыл бұрын

Soon as we start putting Dyson spheres around stars activists will start protesting that were killing the universe. Which will bring rise to..... Thanos 😂

Rule #1 of Warfare: "Smart beat dumb every time" VS "If brute force doesn't work you aren't using enough of it"

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

Yes that's my old battalion's unofficial motto :)

@PerfectAlibi1

4 жыл бұрын

Always more dakka! ^^

@EvitoCruor

4 жыл бұрын

It's years late but I must state that the incongruity is purely a cultural affectation where we equate brute force with dumb which is entirely situational in reality.

@smileyp4535

4 жыл бұрын

I mean smart still bests dumb here, if you can achieve the same result much cheaper (energy, money, force, etc) why use the brute force approach? I prefer using the door knob to breaking it open

@efisgpr

4 жыл бұрын

Also rule #1, though: Don't get shot. That was funny... like, when it's life & death, they're all rule #1. At least, I saw it as meaning that.

Dude, really, why does no TV channel actually produce this kind of stuff? They show bullshit like ancient aliens etc. but sci-fi discussed and analyzed to the bone like you do is not anywhere present as visual medium. Nowadays I find more informative and original stuff on YT than on our public TV with its self proclaimed educational goals. You are original through and through, even if the topics were heard before, the quality and discussion of this stuff is not matched. Not to my knowledge, that is. On that regard, I hope you will have more and more influence on the content of YT. V-Sauce did it. You can (and should), too.

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

I think we'll see more of it in TV as the format switches away from a channel with a line up for each time slot and more of notion that they make shows and distribute them to whoever wants to watch them whenever they want t watch them. The big restriction on scifi and science has always been that they're medium-small niches and have all the same costs of any other show, but also need special effects, so a show on, say, pawn shops can be done on a small budget maybe 3 million folks will watch while a special on force fields might get, say, 4 million viewers but cost twice as much to make, and some show on emergencies in hospitals might cost not much more than the pawn shop show but get 10 million views. In the emerging setup I think we'll see a lot more shows produced wherever they can turn a net profit and the dropping cost of SFX combined with basic revenue infrastructure for online stuff finally solidifying should help, so that we might start getting a lot more science and scifi shows. I hope anyway.

@thesenate1844

6 жыл бұрын

Isaac Arthur You deserve your own TV show.

@bcook7383

6 жыл бұрын

Yes! The V-sauce guy now has his own show on KZread Red. Next up, SFIA.

@istvansipos9940

6 жыл бұрын

for this reason, (and because of the limited commercials here) youtube is my TV. My TV is only a sport-watching-device

@aldenburton6240

6 жыл бұрын

absolutley. My TV has turned into home cinema. Streaming + Blu-Ray, YT on my desktop (smart TV screen with mouse navigation is way too slow)

I love that you usually tackle these topics from a plausibility standpoint. It keeps things in perspective, but allows you to follow the 'what if' chain into some pretty bizarre and fascinating territory.

@WadWizard

6 жыл бұрын

Sometimes 'reality' is stranger than fiction

@88Factor

6 жыл бұрын

Yeah, I just saw a concept that I thought was impossible actually get explored in a way that makes it distinctly more plausible seeming.

"If you have something that lets you hang out in a star, that's a great place to hide stuff. Like civilizations. That's our topic for next week." I actually went "WHAT?"

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

I always love doing those casual references to over-the-top techs or methods in other episodes.

@grapy83

4 жыл бұрын

LOL. Seriously mid blown. Only Issac can be that creative.

@MrCmon113

4 жыл бұрын

I was just wondering where I should hide my civilization.

@teaser6089

3 жыл бұрын

@@MrCmon113 Me too

Where does the energy go when enemy ray guns hit your shield? Clearly they are absorbed by the shield, and channeled into your ships electrical system. That's why the consoles are always exploding.

@teaser6089

3 жыл бұрын

Yes, but where do those darn rocks come from? ;)

When your spaceship is traveling at the relativistic speeds needed for interstellar travel, wouldn't you need some kind of shield to protect your ship from whatever loose microscopic debris might be in your path?

@kokofan50

6 жыл бұрын

Isaac covered that in the video about interstellar colony ship.

@mr.ackermann807

Жыл бұрын

I would recommend a highly confined plasma shield to both vaporize and possibly add to it or dump into space for heat dissipation and partial shock absorption.and smaller dense metal panels with high shock springs for the ones that get past the plasma.

@anthraxmacabre5200

Жыл бұрын

Yes, but you can accomplish that by building in like a huge thick metal dome in front of the ship, so that way any debris bounces off the shield and doesn’t damage the vessel. It’s a low tech solution, but it’d be very effective Btw, Dr.. Shaym? How’d you end up here?

@michaeldaignault6917

Жыл бұрын

Point defense lasers

@ApertureAce

Жыл бұрын

I know this is an old comment, but to chime in, you are absolutely correct. In fact, a more bizarre effect of relativistic speed can theoretically cause single free floating atoms to crash in through your ship, which can act like high energy ionizing radiation. The particles would not punch a hole in your ship, but they could punch a hole through your DNA and cause genetic damage just like any other kind of ionizing radiation. We would probably need some sort of future sci-fi shield that can capture or deflect debris

And you didn't even touch on the industrial applications of force fields, such as casting intricate shapes out of metals or plastics, or even using selective cooling methods to make an entire car out of a single crystal of metal. These things would give you unbelievable strength out of normal materials and would revolutionize the aerospace industry and on down the line, making things astoundingly light and strong.

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

Yeah we always have to leave things out, I didn't even think of selective and targeted cooling, nice idea that, though using it for cast on molten metal etc I did but deleted out of the script before even finishing the first paragraph, it seemed too likely to tangent off onto advanced approaches to 3D printing, a topic I want to do another time.

@mjk9388

6 жыл бұрын

I can't wait to see the video on advanced approaches to 3D printing. The self-replicating machines episode was one of my very favorites.

@utetrahemicon

6 жыл бұрын

Isaac, I would love a video about advanced 3D printing, I can't imagine a better writer for that topic than you. I liked this video, thought you were going to mention a mid 90's usenet sci.nanotechnology idea of a "Utility Fog" that would follow "around" you and become an umbrella, coat or an airbag, just when needed. Thanks, be well Isaac.

-Isaac Arthur talks about active support -Cody creates active support -Isaac Arthur talks about force fields -Cody creates force fields

@blairschirmerx1711

6 жыл бұрын

+Kevin Larsson So... logic suggests... --Isaac Arthur talks about beautiful women fascinated by physics and astrophysics --Cody...

@JonesersRX7

6 жыл бұрын

I'll look like the idiot.... Who is Cody?

@jarredeagley1748

6 жыл бұрын

-Isaac Arthur talks about aliens ... "welcome back to Cody's lab"

@greenanubis

6 жыл бұрын

+Eric J A very smart content creator on KZread, Issacs level. Has uploaded alot of vids about geology, physics, chemistry, electromagnetism, mining, engineering, astronomy, gardening and farming with alot of practical experiments. If it can be done, Cody is the guy who could probably make it work.

@zamundaaa776

6 жыл бұрын

+Eric J Cody's lab. Just google it

The idea I had for Force Fields in my setting was that humanity, being lower tech, had a limited system called a "Diversion Field." It basically imparted an acceleration on any mass within its radius of effect, allowing it to deflect projectiles, missiles and other hard threats. It's utterly powerless to defeat lasers, particle accelerators and directed energy weapons later on, which are a plot point later on. This gives each weapon a place in the setting though. Lasers can defeat shielding and point-defence lasers, but not armour without saturation fire. They also travel at light speed and thus are able to engage at extreme ranges with pinpoint accuracy. So ships open an engagement by using their laser batteries as offensive weapons to damage each other's optics, point defence, etc. They then become point defense weapons as they close to medium and close range to use other, more powerful weapons to assure the kill. It's interesting because it creates an interplay between different weapons and defenses that feels more like developments after centuries of war rather than, "fuken lasers, amirite?" There's other aspects as well, like scattershot rounds for railguns designed to overwhelm an enemy's point defences and other stuff like that.

2017: Force Fields might be possible in 2150. 2150: Kid: Mommy, I want a Custom Super 4-layer graphite lattice plasma web force field for my birthday!

@ls200076

6 жыл бұрын

Eshwar Kumar More like: Can I marry my mutated catgirl?

@y__h

6 жыл бұрын

The Onee-Chan Man and so it's more like: 2150: _Superintelligent consciousness expanding in space to radius of 300 light years._

@aldenburton6240

6 жыл бұрын

Yeah, if you just think of Smart Phones, which outclass the original communicators of Kirk's crew by far already.

@blairschirmerx1711

6 жыл бұрын

I, personally, prefer to fire black hole/gravity bombs into the middle of nuclear explosions in their first few picoseconds. putting a kind of forcefield around the offending weapon, if you will, rather than myself, not allowing IT to escape past a certain radius rather than trying to defend myself after the weapon has reached its full destructive capacity. What?

@eshwarkumar8138

6 жыл бұрын

Lol this is my most liked comment

Cool! Hyperion makes a cameo and we get another Rule #1 of Warfare.

@cidshroom

6 жыл бұрын

Joel Dowdell is anyone tracking these?

@X3105i

3 жыл бұрын

@@cidshroom Rule number one there are an infinite rule number ones

@svchineeljunk-riggedschoon4038

3 жыл бұрын

Rule #1 is my favourite rule.

@ynkybomber

3 жыл бұрын

Rule number 1 of warfare #587

@sagesheahan6732

3 жыл бұрын

Someone should write a book with as many of them as they can find, and they should dub the book: Rule Number One.

The problem with plasma weapons is the very technology that makes the weapon possible also creates the perfect counter for it. Magnetic fields.

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

One can kind of reverse that though too to say that defense provides the weapon to break it, same as steel, it would depend on how the weapons and shields stacked up.

Rule #1 of warfare: Every rule is rule #1

@jacobs-corner

3 жыл бұрын

Rule #1 of warfare: Not every rule is rule #1 of warfare

@teaser6089

3 жыл бұрын

@@jacobs-corner Rule #1 of warfare: Don't contradict

you probably wont read this but i discovered this channel last week. i downloaded every single one of your videos to listen to while i work and ive eaten through them in a matter of days. i dont even notice your speech impediment anymore. thanks for making such awesome videos. they really get the imagination running!!

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

:) I'm glad to hear that, though as an FYI if you are just listening to them, they can be grabbed as MP3 over at soundclouds or iTunes, save some bandwidth.

@AtlasReburdened

6 жыл бұрын

Welcome Jon.

@jonnyt1132

6 жыл бұрын

no mans sky reference!

@brandonsyverson6935

6 жыл бұрын

kevin paul halliday you mean BETTER than Steven Hawking?

@squirlmy

6 жыл бұрын

Stephen Hawking is more of an ambassador from heights of academia. Many people may have bought his books, but very few have actually read them. Carl Sagan is a better example of the "voice of Science". Actually I think Isaac Arthur is in a class of his own, I don't think we've ever had someone who specializes in speculative technology and engineering, astronomy, and a wide breadth of science fiction knowledge.

Happy Arthursday everyone!

@oldered5663

6 жыл бұрын

And a Happy Arthursday to you too! :)

@patrickkathambana4112

6 жыл бұрын

And to you too sir!

@Pickled24794

6 жыл бұрын

Legitimately the best day of the week.

@y__h

6 жыл бұрын

Good Arthursday to you too, sir.

@madcircle7311

6 жыл бұрын

Doug Barlow every single time 😊

The #1rules of warfare are back!

@claytonsturm236

6 жыл бұрын

I'm dying to hear Rule #2 of warfare!

@InquisitorMatthewAshcraft

5 жыл бұрын

@@claytonsturm236 If anything can go wrong, it will. Rule#3 No battle plan survives first contact with your enemy.

Me at 2:52 - "Captain Jean-Luc Picard! \*O*/ I never noticed you in Dune until now!"

@merrittanimation7721

6 жыл бұрын

Stefano Leso "ATOMICS!"

@bimblinghill

6 жыл бұрын

He hasn't aged a day since 1983!

Overlooked my favorite application: blades. A forcefield edge knife would be super useful.

While I can't say it's the most compelling topic for me personally, I'd trust nobody to make it pop so to speak more than yourself. Can't wait to get home and watch, as always. Cheers!

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

Yes I was surprised it was selected, one poll for a topic on Patreon, but then again the Space warfare episode, which I also only did as a poll winner, is the #2 video on the channel so I guess the topic is popular, so if this one does well I'll probably do a few more in that vein, and I do enjoy knocking around scifi concepts that we normally have to write-off as physically implausible.

@nikolaihersfeldt9993

6 жыл бұрын

On the subject of implausible concepts, you mentioned antigravity; do you intend to cover that at some point, because I've looked into it and so far as I can tell there's literally no theoretical basis to support such a thing (though of course there's a lot we don't know about gravity at this point).

@michaeltuggle9757

6 жыл бұрын

Nikolai; we know almost nothing about gravity, except that it is an effect or property of mass. The graviton particle has yet to be discovered. Momentum is also a property of mass. Recently I read an article about quantum having backwardness. The statement was that quantum could move in opposition to momentum in collisions. If we consider that momentum is capable of doing the same thing gravity does without the attractive property, then manipulating momentum in opposition would act like anti-gravity. In fact, manipulating momentum would be fantastically useful. Momentum compensators could cancel centrifugal force, allowing for high velocity turns, protecting occupants and the spacecraft's structural integrity. Canceling momentum would make any propulsion system far more efficient. Adding directed momentum would make artificial gravity Keep an open mind and keep dreaming. The future arrives daily.

@luciferangelica

5 жыл бұрын

Nikolai Hersfeldt what about dark energy?

7:33 Plasma in principle does stop lasers by absorption, which is a way to produce them in the first place too. The CMB is an example of reionization allowing light through.

How many "rule number one of warfares" have you told us about now?

@koroplays3200

4 жыл бұрын

Yes

@mizzshortie907

3 жыл бұрын

As many rule #1 as necessary given the situation

HYPE! Gundam universe had this as Fin Funnel barrier systems, which are generated using remotely controlled autonomous bits named "Fin Funnels" which form a pyramid around the Mobile Suit, fire beam shields connecting each Funnel that block anything lower than the output of its beam shields. One other is GN Field, generated by particle generators which condense and form a protective sphere around the Mobile Suit. Now to look at how other SciFis implement their own... while learning any options known science may offer to us.

@Blue_Machine

6 жыл бұрын

Don't forget the normal I-Field using Minovsky particles.

@hedgehog3180

6 жыл бұрын

Exzcellion Gamma Now we just need to replace Neutrinoes with Minovsky particles and we're ready to go.

@hedgehog3180

6 жыл бұрын

BlueMachine I-Fields don't affect conventional weapons though so missiles are an easy counter.

@ExzcellionGamma

6 жыл бұрын

Although neutrinos have very little interaction with matter, and Mnv particles do have a great amount of interaction to normal matter. "When the Minovsky particle is spread in large numbers in the open air or in open space, the particles disrupt low-frequency electromagnetic radiation, such as microwaves and radio waves. The Minovsky particle also interferes with the operations of electronic circuitry and destroys unprotected circuits due to the particles' high electrical charge which act like a continuous electromagnetic pulse on metal objects. Because of the way Minovsky particles react with other types of radiation, radar systems and long-range wireless communication systems become useless, infra-red signals are refracted and their accuracy decreases, and visible light is fogged. This became known as the 'Minovsky Effect'."

@barrybend7189

4 жыл бұрын

Macross has the pinpoint and Omni Directional barriers. The Omni Barrier is only capable on more massive ships but is not entirely stable. But the pinpoint barrier is more stable.

This video really opened my eyes to ideas for forcefields and defence that I had no idea of before. I really appreciate the new awareness and boosters to my imagination these give. Thank you!

Note also that if you can cheaply separate matter by particle speed, the first thing to do with it is ALWAYS going to be to separate isotopes. Which is fun, because that gives you a much cheaper way of separating nuclear materials.

With so much junk and miss information available on KZread it's refreshing to have more accurate science applied to humanities questions. Thank you Isaac.

IM SO HAPPY YOU AND CODY REFERENCED EACHOTHER

There is a way to have powerful laser weapons that can be carried like a large sub-machine gun. You would use a chemical laser. The gun would take cartridges containing fluorine and iodine gas. The gas is mixed and the laser pulse is shot. The cartridge ejects and the next one quickly loads. Such a weapon would exhaust some extremely dangerous gases. Chemical lasers are some of the most powerful we currently have and were considered for the Star Wars project.

@nerd1000ify

6 жыл бұрын

Gas-dynamic lasers are a similar approach with less toxic exhaust (they're CO2 lasers). The exhaust is still a jet of red hot gas travelling at supersonic speed though, so firing one in an enclosed space might get a little exciting.

@wolf1066

5 жыл бұрын

@@nerd1000ify So let's divert the exhaust in the same direction as the laser beam - if we're shooting at it, we clearly aren't concerned about it taking damage...

New video by Isaac Arthur? YES PLEASE!!! MAKE ME ACE MY PHYSISCS FINALS!!!

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

Good luck on the exam!

@raz562

6 жыл бұрын

Tbh I don't think that they'll get deep in force fields, but thank you, already aced my English exam. (considering that 99.99% of my interactions on the Internet are in English, it's the least one should expect)

@atilliar

6 жыл бұрын

"considering that 99.99% of my interactions on the Internet are in English, it's the least one should expect)" Clearly we aren't on the same internet. lol

@Pile_of_carbon

6 жыл бұрын

Engineering professor: "In this assignment I want you to pick one energy production system to write about." Me: "Can I pick the Dyson sphere?"

@mjk9388

6 жыл бұрын

That's awesome. Yeah, let me just tackle that whole Dyson Sphere thing...might be interesting.

Laser point defense already exists, the US has been experimenting with it but Rheinmetall has a working version ready for use. It can't quite shoot down bullets but it can destroy mortar shells. It does draw a ton of power and is pretty big and chunky so it will probably mostly be used on bases.

Force fields can also be used as pretty great weapons too. You could make a forcefield be a knife where the cutting edge has sub atomic thickness or just plop a force field accost someone's heart

@lonestarwolfentertainment7184

2 жыл бұрын

Or you could use it as a sort of Strength Enhancing Exo-Skeleton and punch through steel or lift and throw care.

your channel is the best way to relax after a hard day's work., i find your voice soothing and like I said before listening to you makes me feel like I am a scientist.

The problem with using a force field to violate thermos dynamics is that the entropy reduction between the warm side and cold side would be less than the entropy created powering the force field. P.S. Thanks for the old-school Superman clip at 24:30... it's been years since I watched that one. The problem is that I had it on VHS and don't have a VHS player anymore.

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

They got released to the public domain, and are all up on youtube now

@toomdog

6 жыл бұрын

Get a VHS player. Very important part of life.

I love how humble and knowledgeable you are at the same time within your videos. It seems like a lot of the people I talked to who are educated or interested in science are either too gullible or too arrogant. The ones who are arrogant will say that they know for certain what is impossible because of how improbable something is. The ones who are too gullible will be so certain about obtaining pretty much any technology that can be be held within the imagination. You have a good mixture of humility and knowledge which combines to create wisdom. I am happy to have discovered your channel and all the topics you speak about and your perspective on each of them. It's very refreshing to listen to somebody so wise.

I have no idea what Issac is talking about most of the time but I love his voice and I leave his video running when I go to bed and it sends me to sleep.

Due to how useful forcefield can be one really have to put a lot of limits to them in SciFi or else they sort of and solve most issues you might have. I think that is why the Dune Forcefields work pretty well as they do have limits. Sanderson laws of magic really applies here.

@Frosty14748

6 жыл бұрын

Yeah, just make up your own kernel of bullshit physics or something, and generally stick to them. I have 2 long posts relating to star wars and they have redundant terms and filled with sentence fragments, they were responses to a video and a commenter respectively. The posts talk about that sort of thing and justifying the wacky tactics. I think I hit a character limit or something when I wrote them, so I think I have to split them into 2 or 3 posts. Because I'm desperate for excuses to post them wherever I can, I think I'll put at least the first one here(if I can anyway): *THE FIRST POST RE: JUSTIFICATIONS FOR STAR WARS SPACE BATTLES AND OTHER INCOMPLETE RAMBLINGS* I know this is incredibly late of me, but here's a video that stays pretty true to the canon of the Star Wars universe. The video talks about the obvious fact that Star Wars "Lasers" are not at all like what we'd consider lasers and how they actually function: kzread.info/dash/bejne/dXaumpOdldqee9o.html As for Space Battles being close range, an explanation could be due to the slower speed of what are effectively plasma bolts using a laser as a pilot light making it impractical at longer ranges. Perhaps supposedly canon material saying you can get a range of TEN LIGHT MINUTES from things like Turbolasers, you could say it takes vastly more power and time to accurately aim and fire (far fewer) shots at an enemy from that range. Also that ten light minutes of range might not be canon anyway, as I don't think that's been used in any space battles or ever brought up except in one old manual. More canon sources show that the range of these plasma bolts might be several light seconds however. Yet another thing to consider is the very inconsistent speed of the Turbolasers. In many cases they're slower than some bullets, 500m/s. The way the lasers move is that they almost always reach their target in 3 seconds or less, range be damned. Whether it's a fighter right next to the damned turret or many kilometers away, the shot still gets to the target in a few seconds. So regardless of their "maximum range" being a few light seconds, even if we assumed a Turbolaser moved at 10km/s(which seems to be faster than they have ever traveled, though I may be mistaken), it'd take roughly 499 minutes and 37 seconds (rounded up) to travel one light second. At least if those were kinetic shots you could attach thrusters to them and make them computer guided, though 10km/s is still on the incredibly slow end of things relative to space, Voyager One moves at 17 km/s for an example. If warships used kinetcs they better have great acceleration. Because of these ideas/facts, truly long range fights are incredibly impractical for any faction, as it's incredibly expensive and does minimal damage as many of the few shots you have to fire at a much slower rate will just completely miss anyway due to travel time. I don't know of any canon that supports my theory of long-range fights being impractical, but it sounds fine and like a decent explanation to me. As for why fighters bank like they do in an atmosphere I'm going to steal FponkDamn's explanation off of r/AskScienceFiction. I don't think there's any canon that says his answer is true, but it's an interesting one: "Space fighters are, by their nature, short range. Most can't travel into deep space, and when they can, you rarely if ever hear about them dogfighting. The reason for this is simple - they maneuver like they're in an atmosphere because most of the time, they are. You see, your average larger space frigate or Star Destroyer is HUGE. More importantly than that, however, they have artificial gravity generators. HUGE ones. Enough to supply gravity to an ENTIRE STAR DESTROYER. That's a lot. And it doesn't just magically stop at the outer hull. Once the gravity is generated, it fades outward gradually from the center mass point like normal gravity, except in this case the "center mass point" is an artificially-generated web of micro-singularities. The upshot of all of this is that most large ships actually have an atmosphere surrounding them to an area several times greater than the size of the ship. As long as the ship has ever been in atmosphere once (and most have), the atmosphere will cling to them. Even when they were built in space, over time, simple exhaust gradually collects. Going at great speeds doesn't "shake it off" for the same reason that the great speed a planet rotates around a sun doesn't - it simply doesn't work that way. So when fighters are flying all around doing their crazy maneuvers around a larger battle of major ships, they actually ARE flying in an atmosphere, albeit usually not one that humans could breathe. For one, it's very cold, and for two, after only a few weeks of operation, it's mostly carbon emissions from exhaust ventilation. This is also why fighters can go from a "space" battle into atmospheric, planetary flight with no change to their flight patterns or propulsion type." *-End of FponkDamn's post* Here's a link to the post that post is from: www.reddit.com/r/AskScienceFiction/comments/20rjxr/why_do_fighters_in_star_wars_maneuver_in_space/ One counter-point to that atmosphere theory was discussed by Datum000, saying this: "The capability for a gravity well to contain an atmosphere is entirely dependent on the ratio of the escape velocity to the average particle velocity of the atmosphere. This is why asteroids will not have an atmosphere, but large planets will. You can have an earth-like gravity but not an earth-like escape velocity. Now then, Escape Velocity can be derived to be V_esc = (2xgrav_accelxradius)1/2 [1] Where grav_accel is the apparent surface gravity, radius being the distance from the center of the gravity well. This is a rough simplification, but it should be within an order of magnitude or so, despite the difference in gravity well shapes and stuff. Anyways, for an Imperial I-class star destroyer, we have a pleasant surface gravity of 9.8 meters per second, with radius 800 meters (1.6km length total). This results in an escape velocity for the gravity well of 125 meters per second. The average velocity of an air particle is on the order of 500 meters per second, at room temperature. There may be faster or slower ones, but the average is at a significantly higher value than the escape velocity, so thermodynamics will have it such that the vast vast majority of the atmosphere will quickly escape the gravity well. For the Death Star we have a new radius, 160km. This makes a 1.7km/s escape velocity. This would be high enough to maintain some significant atmosphere and it would make sense in this case." *-End of Datum000's post* (I have to cut the post into 2 for some reason, so this is "part one" I guess)

@Frosty14748

6 жыл бұрын

*-JUSTIFYING THE WACKY TACTICAL DECISIONS AT THE BATTLE OF YAVIN* As for Han ignoring Leia and flying to the Rebel Base, that could be precisely because of the tracker. After all, if imperial ships were trailing the Falcon, what if when the tracker is disabled, an imperial fleet is dispatched and destroys the Falcon and the plans along with it? Han still was a bit of a jerkass at this point in the film, so it makes sense why he'd just charge immediately for the base. The Empire was probably using a decently-sized fleet that was to give the Falcon wide circle of berth so that way the empire could block escape by rebel leaders. WALL OF TEXT BELOW! Again, if they took their time in a far out system and disable the tracker, it's possible, however unlikely, that said fleet could blow up the Falcon and the Death Star plans the Rebellion needs to ever have a chance at defeating the Empire would turn into space dust. Maybe due to the specifications of the Death Star they had to jump early[for context as to why they didn't just jump the death star directly facing the rebel moon and blow it up]? If they jumped in to close/went around to immediately face the moon, could the gravity/mass shadow from hyperspace malfunction the relatively sensitive superlaser? I'm going to quote an answer from a deleted user: "When you are dealing with vessels as massive as the Death Star and a gravity well as deep as Yavin you can't just pop in wherever you like. As we all know, navigating hyperspace ain't like dusting crops. Part of the benefit of putting a base on Yavin 4 was the fact that it's sitting in the gravity well of a massive body. It's going to limit the approaches and the dropouts of any big capital ships coming into the system. Knowing where something is going to appear allows you to focus resources on those areas. Another factor is the charging time of the superlaser. I don't know if you can charge that thing up or have it charged while transiting hyperspace. If we assume that then it makes sense that they would sit in the shadow of the planet as a precaution and charge it up, having it ready to go when they come into range of the target. Without having been on the bridge or in the navigation section of the DS1 when it was heading to Yavin, I would assume that it was a navigational and tactical necessity that they drop out of hyperspace somewhere at a distance from the moon." *-End quote* I'm going to quote MikeOfThePalace's answer on why didn't the Death Star blow up Yavin (the planet): "Even if the Death Star had the capacity to destroy Yavin - which I doubt, gas giants being much more massive and more diffuse than small, rocky worlds such as Alderaan - there are two scenarios to consider, neither good from Tarkin's point of view. Firstly, the rebel base on Yavin IV might not have been destroyed, in which case the debris kicked up by the blast would have changed the terrain of the system a great deal, and all in the Rebels' favor. Lots of places to hide and poor sensor functioning would be a huge help to the smaller, more mobile force more intent on escaping than anything else. In the second scenario, the blast from the destruction of Yavin might well be strong enough to engulf the moon of Yavin IV - but the Death Star was also in orbit around Yavin. A blast enough to engulf a moon would have destroyed the Death Star even more quickly." *-End quote* As for why didn't the Death Star take the Rebels more seriously, here's a great analogy by Malphos001: Your aircraft carrier is docked in port and some kids come up and start throwing pebbles at your ship, you send out a couple guys to round them up but the kids are pretty quick. One kid manages to throw a pebble that changes course 90 degrees mid air because of "magic", ricochets into the bridge, knocks out the guy at the helm and he slumps over the controls which send the carrier crashing into port. Would you say it was poor planning that the carriers escorts didn't return to port and blow away the kids as soon as the first rock was thrown? This is a FORTRESS THE SIZE OF A SMALL MOON, there was no reasonable expectation that the small group of 1-man fighters was anything more than a diversion to allow rebel leaders to escape, much less any inkling of a remote possibility that the FREAKING FORCE would guide a small munition into the single exact spot to do maximum damage. There is no plot hole, people just use their 20/20 hindsight to Monday morning admiral the situation." *-End quote* So by sending out 100 of TIE Fighters to just blow up the X-Wings is just being stupidly paranoid from that perspective. The US Army better respond to little kids throwing pebbles at an aircraft carrier with telling them all to eat lead and just blast them with machine guns. That level of paranoia means your empire should've collapsed long before the battle of Yavin would even happen in the first place! As for the reason they went through the trench multiple times and through an awkward angles, maybe by doing so they minimized the fire from larger Turbolaser emplacements and also nullified the TIE Fighters advantage. The X-Wings would flank from behind the exposed TIE Fighters pursuing the bombers heading for the exhaust port. However the X-Wings that were supposed to act as rear-guards and provide covering fire instead drew away TIE Fighters drew away lots of Turbolaser fire. If it weren't for them doing that, there would be many more deployed fighters and turrets attacking the bombers. I'll quote N8theGr8: "For starters, the trench is more protected from all of the turrets mounted on the Death Star. Yes, there are turrets in the trench, but there are more above the trench. While in the trench, the angle of attack is such that the turrets above the trench cannot hit an X-wing. Secondly, remember the movie 300, where the Greeks channeled all of the Persians into one little area to even the odds a bit? While in the trench, you're not going to have to deal with 30 tie fighters all at once. At most you'd have to worry about 2 or 3, and they'd be getting in each other's way. Finally, the trench was a direct path to the exhaust port. It's like driving on the freeway vs driving over a bunch of fields. On the freeway, you don't have to pay attention because the road gets you where you want to go. Driving on the fields, and you could easily start driving in circles without even realizing it." *-End quote* Why did the Death Star go to Yavin without an escort? I'll quote SonofNamek here: "Aside from the Death Star being seen as invincible, the destroyers were dispatched to seek for potential enemy strongholds or rendezvous points. Either of those locations may have had the Rebel plans they were searching for. Thus, when the attack on Yavin occurs, they are not able to regroup in time especially since Vader/Tarkin was adamant on following the Rebel ships immediately. It's possible the other Destroyers were alerted for the Battle of Yavin but were not able to make it there in time." *-End quote* And here's a quote by Lockbreaker: "They [for context, the Empire] rightly assumed that the Death Star could destroy any fleet. Its superlaser could easily one-shot a Star Destroyer, why worry about a ragtag fleet of Mon Calamari ships and Nebulon-B frigates? They also didn't anticipate that a skilled and powerfully force-sensitive fighter pilot named Luke Skywalker could land a one-in-a-billion shot in a weak spot they didn't know about. There's that too." *-End quote* To add to this, the Rebels have many cells and sympathizers scattered all over the galaxy. 25 000 Star Destroyers is actually somewhat of a thin spread relative to the regions where the Empire would need to use them, so tying up several just to escort an invincible station is the real waste of resources here. As for constantly deploying smaller craft around the Death Star to deal with small fighters, that's again like escorting your docked carrier with several cruisers to blow up any kids that throw pebbles at your aircraft carrier. In this case, that would have been justified to deploy a bunch of screenships, but Tarkin was confident in the ability of this technological terror. Due to this, later on in the battle Vader and crew scrambled together fighters once they realized that General Tagge was right, there had to be some flaw or something the Rebels were aiming for. They wouldn't possibly risk this much just for a decoy attack for the Rebel leaders to escape again! Also, the thermal exhaust port does make some sense in that the death star would melt itself from firing the superlaser, it needs to vent the heat. However, the crystals used to power it may be powered by the dark side of the force itself, and the rest of the heat is shot out of the exhaust port. The rebels likely didn't approach the port from above as there would be way too much enemy fire and all that dodging would make an already difficult shot twith the targeting computer impossible. I could (and should reply to myself or something later to add more quotes and whatnot) add on more to this, but I think I'll stop here. I find it more interesting to come up with ideas and explanations to potential reasons for these "tactical blunders". I actually find justifying bad tactical decisions like these much more interesting than just pointing them out and leaving it at that. This was quite the text blob, and probably contains numerous spelling errors/sentence fragments, so again apologies for that. I hope anyone who read this learned a thing or 2, and maybe might come up with counter-arguments.

Isaac, which is more probable in your opinion, direct defense mechanisms like a forcefield or mass decoys? It wonder if it is less energy intensive to create a defense through simulated means. I mean... *The #1 rule of warfare is to see the enemy BEFORE he sees you.* The odds of him picking you out of the thousand decoys around you seems more effective to me than letting him know where you are and relying on brute force to maintain your safety.

1-The speech impediment isn't bad at all, I've heard worse "accents". But I admire how you acknowledge it and have a sense of humor about it. 2-When I was a kid my local PBS Station played hard science college level astronomy/physics/biology/chemistry documentaries in the middle of the night that I LOVED! I suppose it was so that Professors could record them to replay in colleges. Your videos are as good if not better then those professionally produced ones! THANK YOU!

I loved this episode! Thanks, Isaac. Keep them coming! I just started supporting you on Patreon, you are definitely worth it.

He's alive! He's ALIVE!

@bjorntheviking6039

6 жыл бұрын

[mad scientist cackling]

Rule#1 of Warfare : Subscribe to Isaac Arthur

I run around all day in a Walmart truck. I download these and listen to them plugging down the highway. Really helps to kill time and great content. Better then crap on TV even.

Thank you for all the enthralling content, Isaac! Love exploring the realms of possibility with ya'!

I have no Snacks and Drinks to grab! Gotta run to Tengelmann

@sp_iv4448

6 жыл бұрын

Same here - gotta run to the supermarket. In my case i'm not in Germany but in Bulgaria... so Fantastico it is.

@ferdinand7467

6 жыл бұрын

Sp_Iv Now, I am back again, out of breath and sweating in my clothes which were once meant to protect me from the lack of heat, but now causing me to suffer from it. While the Video is loading, I open the first bottle of refreshing lemonade, satisfying both my desire for sugar, and for the information about force fields my dear fellow Isaac Arthur is about to reveal

@sp_iv4448

6 жыл бұрын

I'm back too, trowing the sweaty clothes (the same reason) setting the air conditioner to 24C, putting some Ruffles Heinz Ketshup in a big bowl, pouring some orange juice... Let's watch!

@flzi0002

6 жыл бұрын

Where the heck are you living in germany? Half of the country is under water or at least cold enough not to sweat!

@Phelan666

6 жыл бұрын

I Have No Snacks and I Must Eat

you know, i remember the day i learned that i would never stand on the Bridge of a Space ship going: "Shields up!" was one of the most disappointing days i ever had.

One of the best channels on KZread. Love your work and look forward to your videos every week, Isaac.

Hi Isaac, yet another new subscriber here who just discovered your videos in the last few days. I see you're already up to 123,000 subscribers not long after your 100,000 video - well deserved. It's refreshing to see someone who can talk about these interesting topics with a real sense of what is ultimately possible according to our current understanding of physics, without the BS. (And seemingly without the ego, judging by the self-deprecating sense of humour you display). Thank you for the effort you put into producing these videos - I'm looking forward to watching more over the next few weeks.

Since any vessel meant to carry humans will likely have reservoirs of water, how effective would it be to basically squirt water in the direction of an attacking enemy, in order to intercept weapons fire? Assuming you survive the encounter, you could easily recover that water afterward...

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

Potentially very effective

Using force fields to plow fields.... WOW that is tech abuse in the first order!!!! "We built a dyson swarm so we can power the force fields to plow the fields in our amish communities..." LOL Like using a cell phone as a flashlight!

The list of possible uses at the end made me smile bigger with wonder at each item.

Very well done as always, Isaac! You brought up great points that I’ve never even thought of...

Railguns can really ruin your shields, hull armour and your day.... Kinetic energy scores highly on the ouch scale.

The KZread videos must flow :)

I've always been super interested in this topic, so it was awesome to get your amazing, in-depth analysis and discussion of it! Bravo!

Just found your channel, and want to say I'm loving it so far. It's great how you explain some advanced topics in a manner that is easy for the average person to grasp, with just the right amount of joking comments worked in. Keep up the good work.

Arthursday!!

Wow!!! Force fields!!! Can you make a video on tractor beams then?? :D

@Garganzuul

6 жыл бұрын

A Higgs-boson 'laser' might not be impossible.

I am so glad that you decided to create these long and in depth videos. About the universe as a whole. This is truly unique in the way you do your explanations. And I am so glad I found your channel. Just sucks you aren't as popular as other science channels. You truly deserve to be doing this as your job. Well if you enjoy this than you do if you don't than I get it. By either way you are pretty damn good at it. Keep it up mate!👊

I really enjoy your videos.. Very interesting and well presented and researched. You explain the technical aspects in an easy to understand manner. Keep up the good work.

Physics of the Impossible by Michio Kaku

When people comment before the video is even finished....

@joncaser6648

6 жыл бұрын

I'm replying to you before i finished your comment. Because why not?

@HostileLemons

6 жыл бұрын

Jon Caser you would have had to finish reading my comment to respond in the way you did....

@joncaser6648

6 жыл бұрын

Thats what I want you to belief! Obviously i respond with to everyone in the commentsection with this particular comment and then deleted it when the comment didn't say something like yours. So I don't have to read your comment to respond in the way i did ;)

@HostileLemons

6 жыл бұрын

Jon Caser ‼️‼️

Absolutely great! Like usual! Thanks for the vid, and like all of them, informative and entertaining.

Long time listener, first time caller. This channel has some of the most interesting, intellegent and entertaining content that I have ever heard. I really appreciate the amount of effort that goes into these video's. Keep up the awesome work!

Under 1000 ...I must be somewhat early :P But could you eventually do a video regarding planets that spin really fast? Like planets spinning at orbital velocity.

@ipyramid

6 жыл бұрын

You want early? I am view 86.

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

We kinda covered that case in Double Planets and Rocheworlds, and Hoopworlds, though there's more that could be said I suppose.

@deltainfinium869

6 жыл бұрын

i usually consider rocheworlds, and hoopworlds, Seperate from very fast spinning, Spherical worlds. And, that video, was actually what got me curious about it in the first place

@atilliar

6 жыл бұрын

If earth was spinning at orbital velocity, wouldn't that just cancel out the gravitational pull? If so I doubt life could emerge on such a place.

@IamGrimalkin

6 жыл бұрын

Black Hole You don't get very fast spinning spherical planets. When they are very fast spinning, they are pulled out of that shape.

Arthur, i thought that Rule Number 1 of Warfare was "win the war".

@atilliar

6 жыл бұрын

No Rule Number 1 of Warfare is "Be imposing enough to never need to go to war in the first place."

@pietrocelano23

6 жыл бұрын

Jonathon Hurley rule nuber one of war is dont suck at life.

@hedgehog3180

6 жыл бұрын

Pietro Celano That's the goal.

@wolf1066

5 жыл бұрын

I thought Rule Number 1 was "never get involved in a land war in Asia"

As I studied computational chemistry; Molecular Mechanics forces Fields i.e MM3 I came across this piece. Kudos Isaac Arthur !

The animation quality gets better and better for every video. Also the content is as always excellent!

Theyre assumed to be impossible?Really?Isnt the earths magnetic field technically a forcefield? EDIT:Servses me right for commenting before watching the whole thing.You do cover that.

@jeremymount795

6 жыл бұрын

DaemianLucifer The magnetosphere is created by millions of tons of molten metal swirling around in the earth's core. I don't think it would work scaled down to any practical level. Besides, it can't stop any kind of ballistic projectile like an asteroid. Only ejecta from coronal mass ejections from the sun and other cosmic radiation.

@jeremymount795

6 жыл бұрын

I've never heard of that. And I have seen shooting stars with my own eyes. If it can't even keep small meteorites out of the atmosphere I find it hard to believe even the tiniest asteroid would bounce off of it. Regardless, a scaled down version to encompass a person or even a large ship doesn't seem like it would be terribly effective.

Good Arthurzday fellow attendees 🖖👽👍

@utetrahemicon

6 жыл бұрын

thanks, back at ya!

Your idea of airbags is spot on. The problem becomes with detection, building a camera system that is aware and capable of detecting a threat father out or very close. Once detected, the shield could deploy 2 methods. The first being like a parachute or spider web. The second being a sack of fluid at the point of impact.

I am absolutely hooked on your series.

Prem's !

> channel about science and futuristic technology > "nukular" Isaac you have betrayed me!

I love your videos! The topics are interesting, informative, and your voice is very enjoyable to listen to. Keep up the good work and I will keep listening!

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

Thanks!

The potential inferences at ~23:00 is the best part of the episode. Love your work. I'd love to see a series on materials like indium and rhenium

Does anybody know artificial atom and artificial particle ? They 2 can really create force-fields effets. An artificial atome can "eat" electron to grow, he can be 1squar mile and need no energy maintenance to existe. He just lose some electron and volume when kick. That type of "force fields" need time and energy to be Big. But it's not somthing you can switch on with speed.

ITER !!!

@RustyDust101

6 жыл бұрын

Wendelstein 7-x

@Fortunes_In_Formlas

6 жыл бұрын

it is our duty to spread the truth about fusion. Spread the love !!!!!

My favorite running gag on this channel is how "the first rule of warfare" is totally different in each video

@dustin628

2 жыл бұрын

Lol same!

Some great ideas for enhancing the home security system. Thanks Issac! Once again, you're the best.

Lasers aren't staples. They're beams of light.

@LordZontar

5 жыл бұрын

On Space:1999, laser beams are fired from staple-guns.

688th

@itsmeagain7246

6 жыл бұрын

1228th

@utetrahemicon

6 жыл бұрын

It would be nice to see a list of subscribers in the order and date they subscribed. Until then, I'll say, uh 100th...;o)

OMG …. I believe this will be the future !!! Thanks for your channel ! It’s all about science!!!👏👏

I only found this channel a few days ago (how could i) and i am stunned and speechless. Thank you Isaac for your awesome work. Watching your videos makes me profoundly happy, although the depth and quality of the content makes it sometimes hard to follow. That doesn't matter, though. Thus i have a reason to watch again and again and again...

Your speech impediment doesn't really bother me but "nuk-ular" vs "New-clear" pronunciation offends me.

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

Be less easily offended?

@xmaker1

6 жыл бұрын

Isaac Arthur It's 2017, how dare you this is 2017 it's my given right to be offended by anything and everything.

@squirlmy

6 жыл бұрын

In Woody Allen's 1989 film Crimes and Misdemeanors, Mia Farrow's character says she could never fall for any man who says "nucular." lol. Note I got this from the Wikipedia article on "Nucular". Kind of interesting.

@MrxstGrssmnstMttckstPhlNelThot

6 жыл бұрын

New-clear? Not New-clee-er? (Sans IPA, that's not easy to write phonetically.) But you are wrong sir in *_my_* opinion. And *_I_* am offended.

@hindugoat2302

6 жыл бұрын

its hilarious, like a cartoon! thumbs up for this comedy gold!

Happy Arthursday! May the force fields be with you!

Found and Subbed after watching a couple of your videos. Thank you for the great content. Take care and have a terrific week :)

Another well crafted episode! Good work Isaac!

Happy Arthursday!! enjoy your weekly video!!

I just found your channel last week and it amazes me how you can make such long and great informative videos weekly Amazing channel!

@isaacarthurSFIA

6 жыл бұрын

Welcome to the channel!

DUDE. Your channel is brilliant. It's like tvtropes for science fiction.

These videos are both a validation of all the sci-fi, physics, and engineering I've read and a damning indictment of the massive amount of time I've wasted when I could have been training to be a pickpocket.

Two things; 1- awesome video on a topic which has always baffled me 2- OMG STARGATE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Yet another amazing vid Mr Arthur! @18:40 ... "Whipple Sheild?... what's that?" (says the railgun)... laminated butter more-like

i really love your channel man -.- , so many questions answered !!!

The star carrier series had shields just as you described that when you raised shields to 100% it effectively created a black bubble not even letting light in. It also used strategic dropping of shields to fire. The ship that was being primaried by ship fire went black and it was a huge energy hog. They also had advanced ai that painted a picture during black mode so as to guestimate enemy positions. Split second flicking on an off allowed laser communication. Great sci fi series.

I really like your content and find your voice endearing. Thanks for all the interesting videos. It must be strange being so smart/informed and having a speech impediment. I bet people assume you are slow at first.

Found this channel a week ago, immediately fell in lover with it.

Just found your channel and it's a mindblowing experience. Thanks man. Also as a fellow speech-impediment guy (With a stammer), good luck with it my friend.

I'm so glad you covered the concept of heat build up inside a force field. This is something that I've complained about when discussing force fields with die-hard fans if Star Trek and the like. Where does all the heat go if the shield is deflecting matter or energy and doesn't get the protected ship deflected either? Even if that energy isn't absorbed, the shield itself has to generate the equivalent to deflect the incoming energy. This similar issue comes up with cloaking devices. The Mote in God's Eye probably had the best description of what happens in a realistic(?) force field.