EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS
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Extrinsic Semiconductors:In intrinsic or pure semiconductors, the carrier concentration of both electrons and holes at normal temperatures very low, hence to get appreciable current density through the semiconductor, a large electric field should be applied. This problem can overcome by adding suitable impurities into the intrinsic semiconductors.The extrinsic semiconductors are those in which impurities of large quantity are present. In general, theimpurities can be either III group elements or V group elements. Based on the impurities present in the extrinsic semiconductors, they are classifies into two categories.1. n-type semiconductors and2. p-type semiconductors
n-typesemiconductors:In order for silicon crystal to conduct electricity, we need to introduce an impurity atom such as Arsenic, Antimony or phosphorus into the crystalline structure. These atoms have five outer electrons in their outermost co-valent bond to share with other atoms and are commonly called pentavalent impurities. Thisallows four of the five electrons tobond with its neighboring silicon atoms leaving one free electron to move about when electrical voltage is applied. As each impurity atom donates one electron, pentavalent atoms are generally known as donors. Antimoney (Sb) is frequently used as pentavalent additive as it has 51 electronsarranged in 5 shells around the nucleus. The resulting semiconductor material has an excess of current carrying electrons, each with a negative charge, and is therefore referred to as n-type material with theelectrons called majority carriers and the resultant holes minority carriers. The block diagram of n-type impurity doping and corresponding band diagram is shown in figure
1.p-type semiconductors:In contrast to n-type of semiconductor, if we introduce a trivalent (3 electron) impurity into the crystal structure, such as aluminum, Boron or indium , only three valence electrons are available in the outermost covalent bond meaning that the fourth bond cannot be formed. Therefore, a complete connection is not possible, giving the semiconductor material an abundance of positively charged carriers known as holes in the structure of the crystal. As there is a hole an adjoining free electron is attracted to it and will try move into the hole to fill it. However, the electron filling the hole leaves another hole behind, and is forth giving the appearance that the holes are moving as a positive charge through the crystal structure (conventional current flow). As each impurity atom generates a hole, trivalent impurities are generally known as acceptors as they are continually accepting extra electrons. Boron (B) is frequently used as trivalent additive as it has only 5 electrons arranged in 3 shells around the nucleus. Addition Boron causes conduction to consistsmainly of positive charge carriers results in a p-type material and the positive holes are called majority carriers while the free electrons are called minority carriers.
Пікірлер: 65
Listen at 1.5X speed and save yourself some time.
@bluecheesybob
7 жыл бұрын
or listen at 4x speed and save yourself even more!
@starrats9344
3 жыл бұрын
Thanks bros
@priyanshurautela3581
3 жыл бұрын
@@bluecheesybob Or listen in 100X speed save your time
@bluecheesybob
3 жыл бұрын
@@priyanshurautela3581 I personally prefer 1000x
@gamingwithhero7319
3 жыл бұрын
@@bluecheesybob honestly just don't click on the video and save your time
My all doubt are clear.... Thank you sir...
Very nice explaination. Thank you
Thanku thanku so much this is very helpful for all of us... thanku once again
Well done.Keep it up.
Excellent video description....
Extremely helpful
Thank you.. This video is really helpful
Really helpful.. enough of detail is given
Omg it was really helpful to me I ll never. Forget this in my entre life
@mellowtrapbreaker1692
4 жыл бұрын
Ruko jara ruko itna kya samaj Mai aagay... Or asaa kya bata diya jo Nahi bhul NE wale..
@heenavashisht9399
4 жыл бұрын
Aa gya bt it was 2years ago replied
@mellowtrapbreaker1692
4 жыл бұрын
@@heenavashisht9399 are Mai NE to dekha he Nahi 😅😅😅 sorry BTW I'm vivek
@heenavashisht9399
4 жыл бұрын
OK
@shiva1719
3 жыл бұрын
@@heenavashisht9399 actually where does the holes in n-type semiconductors can you plz help
4:10 Why you are not moving the holes or electron😫
really helpful.. enough of detail is given.. thank you..
MAY ALLAH BLESS YOU AND YOUR FAMILY MEMBERS ALSO SIR
@sarahkabboul7783
Жыл бұрын
inshallah ya rab
Wt is the polarity of impurity atom in p type semi conductor??
thank u that was so helpful
very helpful
thank you
nice explain.Wll done
Impurities can be either 13th or 15th group elements right?
great explanation
He is reading ncert
crystal clear video to understand to n and p type semiconductors thank you very much
@lmighty1340
2 жыл бұрын
Are u a graduate now?😊
Thanx ❤
dat reverb tho
what app was used to make this????
Thank u
helpful
سادس احيائي انا هنا 🌝🌝Thanks 🤍✨
So if hole is + charge, will it not create charge or will it not violate conservation of charge? 🤔🤔
Is it what really happens? If impurities replace the existing atom then what happens to the existing atom when impurity replaces it.
Too helpful but watch in1.5×
👌👌
Tq vm sir
kak ini bikin animasinya pakai apa ya?
Tq
Good
In which sense the holes are positive in p-type semiconductor
@divyanshumahi659
Жыл бұрын
In a relative sense. Electrons carry a negative charge. This makes the holes have a relative positive charge.
👍
why is he talking like this?
@varundmalla6103
7 жыл бұрын
Its a programmed speaker, I guess :P
@akashhalder6833
6 жыл бұрын
varun dmalla But program speakers sound a bit different they aren't as fluent as this one I guess
Wrong concept of hole in p type SC
Nice explain. Can you explain in Hindi language? Please
whatsup with the indian accent?
play this video in 1.25x and thank me later
pass krsi
The way he talks makes me feel so stupid
Thank u
helpful
helpful