*Thanks for watching, nerds!* Give it up for ARIA's new hologram -- she did great!

@383_Manual

2 жыл бұрын

Nice work getting a body ARIA!

@DrewTrox

2 жыл бұрын

Getting some Tron Legacy vibes.

@criticalgems2605

2 жыл бұрын

Nice work ARIA

@ZedHarper

2 жыл бұрын

Great work! You both look adorable

@VampireQueen375

2 жыл бұрын

Claire Max is the Pinnacle of the female form.

Not gonna lie, it’s cool to see Aria being more than a disembodied voice, and I just noticed Kyle has a wedding ring…

@Serenity_Dee

2 жыл бұрын

it's not a wedding band, it's on his right hand wedding bands are worn on the left, barring some circumstance which would prevent it (such as not having a left hand, or missing the ring finger on the left hand)

@kingmasterlord

2 жыл бұрын

@@Serenity_Dee I mean, are there people that don't know that?

@caseyhamm8822

2 жыл бұрын

@@Serenity_Dee that’s actually more of a traditional thing, and not an always-must-be rule. many men in america wear their rings on the “wrong” hand or even the wrong finger

@alexiswelsh5821

2 жыл бұрын

@@Serenity_Dee well from 6:11 - 6:15, Kyle rambles about their relationship and says “wife”.

@samiraperi467

2 жыл бұрын

@@kingmasterlord I don't because I don't care.

Moving in on my Turf Kyle? Nah great video bud. The amount of Halo puns you squeezed into this is admirable.

@fastmadcow

2 жыл бұрын

The mans did have good halo puns tho… 👀

@thesuperintendent4290

2 жыл бұрын

"A construct, in the core, that is absolutely unacceptable."

@MarkusRomtaah3061

2 жыл бұрын

By the time when you finish your mjolnir armor you already thinking of making a halo installation

@adam4120.

2 жыл бұрын

Keep the likes at 117

@LimpRichard

2 жыл бұрын

You moved into self indulgent bullshit and stopped making good content a year ago.

“And he never takes his helmet off.” *Episode one of the paramount series tries to quickly sneak out of the room*

@SA80TAGE

2 ай бұрын

if only it was just one episode... I could live with that at least... I understand the actor wanting a bit of screen recognition for being the guy under the helmet, but they took the piss, he barely has on the helmet at all.

Canonically, the Halo rings didn't rely on rotation to produce gravity. There were artificial gravity generators placed throughout the ring to give the interior of the rings a more natural feeling gravity. The rings were also reinforced by hard light and the materials were artificially created using component elements in a super high gravity forge. Of course this is all science fiction gobbledygook, but the creators of the Halo lore did take these things into consideration. It's nice to see someone take a look at the real science we know now. I wonder, is the 2km size the limit for our current metallurgical knowledge or is this a practical size?

@silverywingsagain

2 жыл бұрын

I think if it were any smaller than 2km it would need to spin at more than 3 rpm, causing the sickening effect NASA observed.

@williamklemp3764

2 жыл бұрын

@@silverywingsagain I think they was asking about bigger rings, but either way, it probably wouldn't end too well

@IAsimov

2 жыл бұрын

I did a little of the math: At 2 km, it would be a little less than one whole revolution *per minute*, which could cause some of the dizziness. At 1.80 km of diameter, it would be exactly one revolution per minute, which would be cheaper to build and a good way to measure time, but would be a definitely risky endeavor for the health of the people in it. Then again, watching the stars at night inside the ringworld might be a spectacle. One solution I thought about, was that perhaps the roof of the ringworld in that case is covered, and thus wouldn't get natural light, but would instead have a source of light that dims every 24 hours to simulate a day-night cycle.

@ledocteur7701

2 жыл бұрын

@@IAsimov one way I imagined a massive space station was in the form of a giant closed cylinder filled with air, the whole thing spins obviously, generation a comfortable gravity on the inner surface, and there is a way smaller inner cylinder inside that act has a structural pillar were other pillars can branch of to the surface, but it would also be covered in LED panels (or some other kind of lighting) to provide a kinda sun like lighting.

@AdrianEng

2 жыл бұрын

@@ledocteur7701 you're basically describing the mormon colony ship Nauvoo from The Expanse, or at least how it is supposed to look finished, they have some nicely grounded sci fi in that show imo

An Incredible video as always, and A.R.I.A suddenly appearing definitely caught me off guard.

@fadel_rama

2 жыл бұрын

Same

@snowliger

2 жыл бұрын

and she gots tattoos too

@EclecticFruit

2 жыл бұрын

Who you talking about? Cortana?

@LeoStaley

2 жыл бұрын

@@snowliger She's also got some guns on her. Holy moly.

@Kwatcher100

7 ай бұрын

343 likes.

Claire needs to be present in more videos. It's fun when she plays ARIA. She gets to bust out some of the sass when she rolls her eyes.

2:00 - That's a great demonstration! As the Halo rings go... Halo ring would be classified as the Bishop Ring which is bigger than O'Neill cylinder, smaller than Niven ring. While the latter may not be possible without active support, Bishop Ring was said to be possible with carbon nanotubes, maybe even in sizes of the Halo. What else needs carbon nanotubes or active support? Advanced launch systems like the orbital ring, space hoop, space fountain or the space elevator. Maybe even Star Tram would need it for parts of it's launch system. So I think Humanity gets to build these one day (or dies out).

@Tuzszo

2 жыл бұрын

IIRC the maximum size limit for a carbon nanotube Bishop ring is on the order of 2000 km for radius (or possibly diameter, can't remember off the top of my head), so still not enough to manage a full Halo ring without active support.

@norml.hugh-mann

2 жыл бұрын

I think its halarious how many "predict" our future matieral specs without knowing a thing about the future. Thats not science, thats akin to faith

@capta1nseal

2 жыл бұрын

​@@norml.hugh-mann not really "like faith", just science fiction

@golemraven7765

Жыл бұрын

Original Engineer megaconstruction "Larry Niven" in 1960's era.

"I wonder how many of you are old enough to get that reference." Thanks, Kyle, for making me feel positively geriatric.

@crazyeyez1502

2 жыл бұрын

Me too

@MehrumesDagon

2 жыл бұрын

same here, tho I never experienced the bursting myself.... well not during burning out of the CD anyway.

@Lintus

2 жыл бұрын

At least some of us are ✌️

@MuaddibIsMe

2 жыл бұрын

I have some bad news for you about the steady passage of time.

@angelosimonato1938

2 жыл бұрын

Have to agree... Kazaa lol

Ooh! A few thoughts: Larry Niven's ringworld was arguably an inspiration for the titular ringworlds, though by the size of THOSE things, which in the novel *Ringworld* were as wide as a solar system, and explicitly designed as an alternative to Dyson Spheres, their rotation would be much, much smaller, while having them protected and compressed by the very pull of the sun. The measure of a Halo ring being 10,000 km in diameter is in fact exclusive to Halo 07, and it's a data I just remembered when I was befuddled by the number. Halo rings are usually 30,000 km in diameter, but after Mendicant Bias threw a hissyfit and pre-343 Guilty Spark caveman had to prevent it from crashing against a planet, the ring was forcibly shrunken down from their normal size to the diameter Kyle mentions in the video. REALLY good video! Thanks so much for making this!

@MaxterandKiwiKing

2 жыл бұрын

Actually, according to Bungie themselves, the biggest inspiration for the Halo rings are the Orbitals from Iain m Banks' Culture series.

@IAsimov

2 жыл бұрын

@@MaxterandKiwiKing Ah! I didn't know that. I have more books to read for my golden age of sci fi recs. Many thanks!

@Briaaanz

2 жыл бұрын

I was hoping someone would mention Niven's Ringworld

@RZRtelevision

2 жыл бұрын

@@IAsimov it's heavily recommended to start with the second book instead of the first. The third is probably my answer to "greatest work of all time"

@lEGOBOT2565

2 жыл бұрын

the 10k km diameter is for the second generation Halo Array, which is seen in the video games. The first generation were 30k km in diameter

The material strength problem is why Larry Niven's Ringworld is made of "scrith", an extremely strong, unknown, alien metal.

"Master Chief, you mind telling me what you're doing in that snuggy?" "Sir, going blanki mode"

As for the Plasma Grenade, It's implied that it Becomes stick after a certain point, because there are animation for the grunts where the grenade doesn't let go of their hands.

@SUSsykage

2 жыл бұрын

“the sticky” part of the plasma grenade is actually just a euphemism for quite literally burning through your armour/skin - and apparently it just melts through shields as well…

@emilianocastillejos1330

2 жыл бұрын

Isn't there something in the lore that says it's programmed matter or something that detects if the creature holding the grenade is a friend or foe?

@SUSsykage

2 жыл бұрын

@@emilianocastillejos1330 i think there is? i’m gonna have to look that up at Halopedia…

@Capt_Dango

2 жыл бұрын

@@emilianocastillejos1330 I wanna say no because I'm pretty sure Johnson used some in Contact Harvest, when humanity first encountered the Covenant. They would have had NO time to learn how the grenades worked, much less how to reprogram them to see humans as friends. Also, I've seen LOTS of grunts accidentally sticking their allies.

@solarianstorm

2 жыл бұрын

I'm not really sure how the lore really runs with the plasma grenade, if there is one out there, or if it's just a gaming handwave, but I suspect it's like standard grenades of modern times. After priming the grenade, it starts a charge, what we call "cooking" the grenade if held before throwing, but after the clip that flies off, which I believe is called the "spoon" (iirc, don't quote me on this, lol), disengages the safety, giving that 3-5 second timer before detonation. For a Covenant plasma grenade, when the grenade is primed, there is a short time before the plasma injection initiates, causing that surface reaction, before which, the user would be able to throw the grenade without it "sticking." After the priming trigger, there is a chemical reaction that changes the magnetic state of the grenade, causing it to cling to a wide variety of surfaces, usually armor or vehicles, while landing on the ground can allow it to bounce or burn into the dirt, but not stick (kind of explains why a plasma grenade can bounce or roll around a bit if it doesn't hit a vehicle or enemy). After coming in hard contact with a surface, an additional reactive process occurs, causing a massive chain reaction, and it explodes shortly after. So, not only does the magnetic polarization make it difficult to quickly remove the grenade, but the rapid reaction grants very limited time to toss it away before detonation. As to why we see some grunts having them stick to their hands, it's cause of idiocy or bad reactions and definitely poor discipline. They're not the smartest soldiers around, and they tend to shuffle and bounce around a bit, so say one of them is holding a grenade and bounces it around, then suddenly it gets spooked cause of gunfire, it accidentally hits the priming switch but doesn't realize it, then suddenly, it's glowing in its hand... oh oh, it shakes it around hard, trying to get it off, which triggers the final reaction, then Boom. It doesn't happen to Master Chief or to the Marines because of their discipline and training. When handling a grenade, once you pull the pin, the grenade is "hot" and once the spoon pops, it better not be in your hand. They would feel the same way with plasma grenades. They figure out the priming switch, hear it start to react, then "hot grenade!" and they chuck it immediately. And naturally, they'll test and watch how the grenades work and operate accordingly. Training and discipline. This is all speculation, of course, and I haven't really played through much or watched it all in detail, but maybe this works.

Kyle: Halo rings are arguably the most famous superstructures in fiction. The Death Star: Am I a joke to you? Me: Yes. You're absurdly impractical and a waste of money.

@StephenDelRosario777

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah, it would probably cost the Empire the same to base delta zero a planet using a fleet of star destroyers as it would to pay for custodial maintenance of the Death Star for a week.

@Joshua_Shadow_Manriguez

2 жыл бұрын

@@StephenDelRosario777 yeah. Exactly.

@henriquefinger935

2 жыл бұрын

Sorry, but Star Wars isn't science fiction, it's space fantasy.

@Joshua_Shadow_Manriguez

2 жыл бұрын

@@henriquefinger935 LMFAO!!!

@shufukillah6772

2 жыл бұрын

@@henriquefinger935 anything with advanced technology is science fiction. Sci-fi and fantasy are along the same spectrum, and only "hard sci-fi" is really worth making a distinction over. Like almost every zombie movie is more supernatural horror fantasy than sci-fi, but obviously some have more sci-fi elements than others. The Girl with All the Gifts is the only hard sci-fi zombie flick I can think of, because the "zombies" aren't actually re-animated dead.

Hey Kyle I’m a blade smith , I’ve been making knives for 7 almost 8 years now. I’m fully aware of the process behind heat treating and tempering a blade. It is a interesting topic that I think would be greatly educational for your viewers. There is a wide range of topics you could cover when it comes to forging anything let alone a blade. From the processes that occur when you get steel hot enough to convert the martensite to austenite . How Damascus / pattern welded steel is made, etc. It would be awesome if you took my suggestion and made a video sincerely your friendly neighborhood blade smith !

Halo Rings (if miniaturized) can hold themselves solid without breaking. They could actually exist (subtracting the atmosphere issues and such...) This brings me much joy.

Yay for Claire! Her cosplaying makes a KZread comeback finally and she nails the role!

That Kazaa reference made me feel old. I remember that all too well. Morpheus too, and of course Napster. It was even more fun over dialup. Could take a few hours to get one song.

@TarEcthelion

2 жыл бұрын

Not only did I get the reference(s), but it had an accompanying sound in my head... A terrible, terrible sound.

@CSM-977_UltraViolet

2 жыл бұрын

Napster, Morpheus, Kazaa... And LimeWire, eMule, and one other I am trying to remember... It's been some years since the last time I used something to download single mp3s. 😂

@IanAlcorn

2 жыл бұрын

I was happier without those memories, thanks.

@DanielRieger

2 жыл бұрын

I remember selecting some 10 songs to download overnight and checking the next day, to find at least 3 that were actually what I wanted, and not songs with the wrong name.. Or even trailers for movies that were actually fan made fake trailers

I learned today that you created your own channel after your departure from "Because Science". It's so nice to see you again, I'm looking forward to watch all of the videos I've missed so far. Thank you (:

The Orbis type space station from Elite Dangerous is the exact type of habitation ring you are talking about. I would recommend taking a look at one of those as the example of "the scientifically correct halo ring"

I've been asking for this for years. Plz talk about the MAC DADDY CANNONS

@aabahdjfisosososos

2 жыл бұрын

What are those ?

@azraeliusescanorius8349

2 жыл бұрын

I've been asking longer for him to talk about big macs

@EZ-D-FIANT

2 жыл бұрын

Typical Rail cannon, you want stuff like that follow "Isaac Arthur" (even Kyle follows him he's the real "Mac daddy")!....

@GundamReviver

2 жыл бұрын

I mean, at least that cannon level in halo 2 would be awsome (and the counter weight might give a fun math-y-subject)

@GundamReviver

2 жыл бұрын

@10:00 -captain America I get that one meme-

Kyle: Halo rings are the most famous mega structures in science fiction. The deathstar: AM I A JOKE YO YOU

@kevinperron5767

2 жыл бұрын

Yes it is. Do you know how insane the 7 halo are

@svsguru2000

2 жыл бұрын

The Jenolan Dyson Sphere: Amateurs.

@aethervvav1658

2 жыл бұрын

Didn’t all of those blow up a long time ago in a galaxy somewhere.

@kevinperron5767

2 жыл бұрын

Yeah but the 7 halo rings can kill everything in the galaxy at once

@jacobshepard8006

2 жыл бұрын

Deathstar- blows up one planet 1 halo ring- kills all life in the galaxy.

This is a solid game theory xD I love physics based videos, the editing was great! Also ARIA did a fantastic job! Public Speaking is hard enough off camera..doing it on camera, even harder.

I like how the Halo ring in his video is actually rotating. I didn’t notice it on first watch, but when I was rewinding part of it, I noticed the ring is actually spinning slowly. Awesome video

Kyle: “What’s the most efficient way to get in the way of an object accelerating in space?” Me, an Expanse fan: “thrust gravity”

@captainspaulding5963

2 жыл бұрын

Maneo would be able to answer that.... wait.... maybe not ;)

@shufukillah6772

2 жыл бұрын

Once the ring is spinning it's vastly more efficient than constant thrust.

@janmelantu7490

2 жыл бұрын

@@shufukillah6772 yes but thrust gravity lets you go places *taps forehead*

@grandsome1

2 жыл бұрын

@@janmelantu7490 Acceleration =/= speed. Constant acceleration is extremely costly.

@DarthBiomech

2 жыл бұрын

@@grandsome1 Yes, but it gracefully solves two problems at once - the "I wanna to have gravity on my spaceships" and "I want my spaceships to take less than many months to traverse the solar system"

I am curious if a ring would be able to hold on to an atmosphere like we see in the game or if it would have to be a sealed environment. Though I guess it's pretty much like water in a bucket being spun around so it's probably fine, just have to make sure it doesn't spill off the sides...that'd be a bad day for everyone.

@rishabhkr.1063

2 жыл бұрын

It would if you create a wall at the sides of the ring

@shadowlords90

2 жыл бұрын

The halo games acknowledge this, there are massive walls on the sides preventing the atmosphere from spilling over.

@pigsnoutman

2 жыл бұрын

You'd have to have walls the height of the atmosphere. You may as well just build a roof, it would be more effective.

@fierydawn2635

2 жыл бұрын

@@pigsnoutman Well walls are under compression, where as the roof would have to be entirely unsupported (else there are massive pillars all over the place) And the roof would be under massive tension. So it's far easier to build a wall than a roof to a ringworld.

@VexChoccyMilk

2 жыл бұрын

@@pigsnoutman Less aesthetic though, would rather see space and the grand arching ring than a ceiling.

I love watching Kyle’s videos and recognizing something I learned getting my engineering degree. Physics is fun.

I hope we will all be so lucky to find equally nerdy partners that will dress up as video game characters for us. It’s great to see there’s a face behind the voice

With a 2km ring revolving at a rate that yields 1g at the rim, the Coriolis force would have an effect on every-day situations (like dropping or throwing things). Especially in a battlefield situation with high speed projectiles moving over long distances -- you'd need to be aware of which direction you're facing relative to the spin and aim accordingly. Aim high when shooting into the rotation, aim low when shooting antirotation, -aim right when 90° CW from the rotation, aim left when 90° CCW from it, and all sorts of combinations of those when shooting in between- (see EDIT notes in my reply comment below for why the strikethrough part was incorrect). And be very careful shooting upward at any significant angle -- you could literally end up shooting yourself in the back as some trajectories will make a projectile loop-the-loop!

@TheParagade

2 жыл бұрын

Gonna save this comment to keep it in mind for my Traveller campaign later :P

@bazzfromthebackground3696

2 жыл бұрын

Obviously the answer is to ONLY use Spartan Lasers.

@michaelcherokee8906

2 жыл бұрын

Holy crap. Youre right. That would be an ENORMOUS pain in the butt trying to account for.

@cmykrgb1469

2 жыл бұрын

You can, with the right optics, see dudes from literally across the ring in that scenario. _And you can hit them_

@shoujahatsumetsu

2 жыл бұрын

@@TheParagade Happy to hear people still play Traveller

9:00 There’s actually one more boundary limit that’s important. It actually defines the minimum diameter you can make the ring. The radius has to be large enough that your own body height doesn’t significantly change the radius calculation between your feet and head. Too small and there’s more “gravity” at your feet than head. Which causes problems with blood flow and heart problems. It’s why the ISS doesn’t have a spinning section. I did the math years ago and if I recall you’d need the equivalent of like 10 ISS connected end to end and looped in a circle to be big enough.

@jerrymcminn7251

2 жыл бұрын

Lol I was looking for this comment, I'm glad someone else thought the same thing

@smallpeople172

2 жыл бұрын

But, halo rings generate artificial gravity through generator facilities throughout the ring, not through rotation

@NinjaBearFilms

2 жыл бұрын

@@smallpeople172 and this is a science channel not an imagination channel.

@akizeta

2 жыл бұрын

The ISS was going to have an experimental centrifuge inside a module, but it was cut for budget reasons.

@NinjaBearFilms

2 жыл бұрын

@@akizeta It was a small unit meant to be for lying down only to test if it would counter the negative effects of being weightless.

I never thought about it but Halo probably did contribute to my interest in space and hence lead to me learning of dyson spheres and ring worlds and other mega structures. Not to shill but I know a strategy game where you govern a species and later it will let you build those kind of mega structures. It’s slow as hell but I recommend it. (Stellaris)

@strider117aldo9

Жыл бұрын

Hola Cuisine Evolved

OMG I’ve been binge watching your old videos on nerdish and because science and I thought you were gone I’m so glad I found this channel😭

I always kinda figured sticky grenades had some sort of fast acting bonding agent that released on impact. Industrial adhesives are no joke and the one I used was a very vibrant blue like the grenades in halo, and it would only need to be effective till detonation.

@apprenticeofbeleren

2 жыл бұрын

It's moreso the activation of the plasma grenade vents extremely hot plasma gasses, and when in flight they superheat, and the sticky grenade literally burns itself into the target

@smallpeople172

2 жыл бұрын

@@apprenticeofbeleren you are correct. In the books, marines hit with them are shown; one has it attach to his backpack, or rather melt into it before exploding, and another has one fuse into his shoulder, very painfully, before exploding.

@KillerOrca

2 жыл бұрын

@@smallpeople172 Another Day At The Beach (one of the cut cinematics from Halo 2) shows an ODST having one stuck to his helmet. He survives by yanking the helmet off and throwing it back at the enemy.

@smallpeople172

2 жыл бұрын

@@KillerOrca yes. Same happens in the very first halo novel. Soldier gets it on their pack, throws pack off, but not fast enough - he is still vaporized in the blast

@KillerOrca

2 жыл бұрын

@@smallpeople172 Thats in the Flood Im pretty sure, but close enough. Its when they're hiking up to take Alpha Base and the Covies start raining nades down on them.

The halo rings rotate for looks. The Ring's primary artificial gravity is that of tech like gravity plating.

@kailenmitchell8571

2 жыл бұрын

They would have to rotate to give a night day cycle. I only just learned the lore says they don't rotate to generate gravity. Both could be true rotate for day night and scifi gravity plating.

@DarthBiomech

2 жыл бұрын

...And this is stupid. Why design a scientifically plausible superstructure to then just replace completely correct and realistic solution for gravity with magical technobabble nonsense?

@barrybend7189

2 жыл бұрын

@@DarthBiomech the ring shape is for energy attenuation and projection.

@SaberTI

2 жыл бұрын

@@DarthBiomech considering the rings can travel through sleepspace, eject parts of it into space and even wipe out entire civilizations, non realistic artificial gravity seems like a necessity.

@AbolaSpartan

2 жыл бұрын

@@DarthBiomech If you have the tech, why not?

i stumbled upon a kyle video and wondered why no updates for over a year. geez. glad i found the new channel ^_^

Both the questions Kyle asks in this video have answers in the lore, I think Spartans have a system in their suit to handle puke in the event they throw up, and the plasma grenade's core heats up the paint on the outer layer causing it to become sticky

@jefferylopez504

2 жыл бұрын

but then it would stick to anything. not just targets.

@djcwittz3012

2 жыл бұрын

@@jefferylopez504 adhesives stick in different amounts

Would love to see ARIA on more the interaction between the two of you was great

As for plasma grenades sticking, I've done 5 minutes of research on a field I know nothing about and already see research papers on the generation of magnetic fields by the non uniform electron gradient of uneven plasma fields. This tells me that if a plasma grenade is intense enough (it explodes after all) then in theory it sticks to armor, walls and marines gear by magnetising to any metal on that individuals person in the process of the plasma field generation. This would also account for armor lock in reach detaching sticky grenades. The increased repulsion effect of the armors shields overcomes the magnetic attraction of the plasma grenade

@akale2620

2 жыл бұрын

Yeh but those grenades also stick to non magnetic things like grunt heads

@JKSSubstandard

2 жыл бұрын

@@akale2620 some of them might have metal plates in their heads. Maybe they had an alien skiing accident when they were in alien college, I don't know

@akale2620

2 жыл бұрын

@@JKSSubstandard thanx. Now I can't stop picturing stupid grunts tumbling down snow mountains.

@JKSSubstandard

2 жыл бұрын

@@akale2620 that's why I'm here. To give physics opinions from the perspective of a D grade physics student and put hilarious images of grunts building snowmen into other people's heads

@smallpeople172

2 жыл бұрын

@@akale2620 it sticks due to melting into skin…this is described in the books

Hi Kyle! I was wondering if you could make a video on how the hangar shields work in Halo, Star Wars, and other sci fi videos/shows/games. They trap air, but let more dense objects through. Is this possible by any means with our current technology? If not, is it something that is theoretically possible in the future?

@disketa25

Жыл бұрын

Not sure about shields, but a barrier of something like self-sealing, highly elastic but prone to puncture material *could* work. Trapping the air inside, letting ship pass with some force, then sealing back and retaining most of the air inside. Although, anyway, it would *not* be transparent. And would probably feature somewhat limited number of uses until a replacement would be needed

A 2km ring world? Elysium had entered the chat.

I ADORE your wacky sense of humor while delivering digestible science.

And what about the Halo Array's primary function as a weapon? I know the original design was inspired by a version of the Dyson Sphere involving just building a ring around a star but that obviously isn't at all related to how the exist now in lore so an episode on any potential science allowing these things to be weapons would be interesting.

@jackwriter1908

2 жыл бұрын

He doesn't do these things anymore... Or the Law Enforcement will visit him to figure out if he is a Villain with a hidden layer or not.

@finisterre2415

2 жыл бұрын

I'd love that, especially since it only destroys the nervous system, could it be some kind of gas being sent through slipspace or via neural physics? And what about the bodies of the life that was destroyed the effects on the environment would be horrific; luckily the forerunners thought of that, but I'd love to know what the consequences would be

@michaelanthony5555

2 жыл бұрын

unfortunately, the lore behind how the weapon functionality of a halo within the halo fiction is based entirely on *very* fictional science. i suppose there could be something to make a video about there, but keeping everything within the bounds of real science would make for a depressingly ineffective weapons array, at least when held in comparison

@rustyshackleford9888

2 жыл бұрын

The most explicit canon explanation for the mechanism behind what they fire and how they exterminate life is given in the novel Halo: Cryptum, where by "radiating a powerful burst of cross-phased supermassive neutrinos," the rings "were capable of destroying all life in an entire star system. Properly tuned and powered...they could kill all neurologically complex life across whole swaths of the galaxy." In the Halo Encyclopedia (the 2011 edition), the burst is also described as "a harmonic frequency, targeting certain cells in the nervous systems of any significant sentient organism." So basically, space magic :)

@aaronadams376

2 жыл бұрын

@@rustyshackleford9888 Part of what makes it possible is in the Halo Universe, all life is the product of the Precursor. There are certain universal characteristics of sentient life because they all have the same architect. Basically,a Halo can brute force kill anything within "25,000 lightyears" (at least instillation 04 according to 343 guilty spark). With the Index, which has a catalog of sentient life and those harmonic frequencies, and the entire Halo array acting together, all life created by the precursor, which is all life in the Milky Way, will be dead. "This galaxy will be quite devoid of life, or at least any life with sufficient biomass to sustain the Flood." At least that's my understanding of it.

I love how super obvious it is that the coffee cup in the outro is completely empty and always was.

Kyle hill…..the mad genius who answers the questions my brain asks when im awake at 3am

Forerunners were also meant to have the tech to just make full on planet sized gravity forcefields and stuff. Maethrillian didn't use rotation to simulate gravity, and neither did the Ark. Even humanity had "gravity plating" of some kind in its space ships by the 26th century in this setting.

Another person who is showing their age, I made the connection to Niven's "Ringworld", and his need to create Skrith, the material with enough tensile strength to hold a solar system sized ring together. Question about the viability of the 2 Km ring, what would the gravitational gradient be for an average height human standing on the ring interior. If the force of gravity at your head is different enough from the force at your feet, that can cause discomfort.

@iciclecold2991

2 жыл бұрын

I KNEW RINGWORLD WAS A THING!! Every kept saying "You mean Discworld?" (Which I did...) but everyone was like "Ringworld isn't a thing." Glad to see I am not completely crazy. (There are parts missing:p)

@spugintrntl

2 жыл бұрын

I was scouring the comments for another Ringworld fan... I discovered the series last year and I've been kind of obsessed with it since.

@bengoodwin2141

2 жыл бұрын

I don't know the exact number but as I've heard that much smaller cylinders are practical, I imagine it is likely negligible to a human.

@NoPrefect

9 ай бұрын

​@@iciclecold2991Ignore the fools, your mind is superior.

Awesome video, you earned my sub with the kazaa reference!

Excellent video! Also, I personally like to imagine that Halo plasma grenades stick because they are covered in some sort of shock-activated adhesive compound and that they (unrelatedly) glow because the reaction (or charging process, or whatever) that generates the explosion emits so much light that it shines through the container.

@Jimbodawg

8 ай бұрын

They literally have a button on them that you press before tossing them, like a pin in a regular grenade.

The Expanse does the best job of showing this with how their ships move through space and how they are configured internally.

@15gamershaven89

2 жыл бұрын

Main problem is the interiors of the Expanses ships are way too big for what the measurements apparently are. Otherwise they are very practical and realistic given the Epstein drive yes.

This would have been an awesome chance to collaborate with Instillation00 (esteemed Halo Engineering nerd) and or Isaac Arthur (Has a whole series on Mega Structures) Awesome episode as always though, would love more Halo stuff in the future (maybe your take on the armor, or the augmentations)

@concept5631

11 ай бұрын

Agreed

Mantiqueira de MInas is a region from my beloved Brasil. I'm proud to see things from here sponsoring a world science channel as yours.

"Ringworld" series by Larry Niven.

"It's Science Time." *Epic intro music starts*

I think its only a matter of time before Chris Hemsworth does an episode, just so Kyle can freak us out.

@Kremit_the_Forg

2 жыл бұрын

Nothing against Hemsworth, but Henry Cavill, beeing the nerd he is, would be I think a somewhat more realistic possible event.

@TheGreatOlah

2 жыл бұрын

@@Kremit_the_Forg Agreed. I would gladly welcome the Nerd Champion as a co-host alongside our glorious Kyle.

Awesome vid I can never get enough Halo content!!

The master chief puking in his helmet bit was gold

Interesting ARIA hologram... Not quite what I was expecting but it really fits the theming on the channel and the themes of the episode. She really does look like Cortana. Also great video 💚

@AxxLAfriku

2 жыл бұрын

Don't let this distract you from the fact that I get bullied because my classmates think my videos are the worst. Please don't agree, dear ar

@walangchahangyelingden8252

2 жыл бұрын

@@AxxLAfriku I'm sorry, I wasn't listening. Could you repeat it?

@alex.g7317

2 жыл бұрын

@@walangchahangyelingden8252 I just realise it might be a troll, being annoying on other ye channels on purpose to get a reaction out of you; good or bad. So I’d rather just ignore him and report him. P.s. But wait, there’s more! What if you even him shows that you had a reaction, which will keep him motivated! OMG that’s like a catch 22!! I hope he doesn’t want us to report him…

Science-tacular. Love it. Great video, as always Kyle and A.R.I.A. Keep up the great work!

Me: decides to use rings in a space structure for my comic YT feed: here you go champ

(Age 38 here) That Kazaa reference brought me back to the days of Limewire, ICQ, Ultima Online and JRPG's taking up 4 disc's of space. Good times...

Issac Arthur does this one too, and if you stack up a bunch of the 2km rings you get an O’Neill cylinder (2 L’s!). That’s what I want to build, after the other ring structure!

@hokutoulrik7345

2 жыл бұрын

I understood that reference.

In 'Consider Phlebus' by Iain M Banks a character meets their demise due to a nice little quirk of Ring Structures... basically, he turns on his Anti-Gravity suit, jumps off a ledge and plummets to his death. Who knew gravity and rotation could be so similar yet so different? Also, I highly recommend Iain M Banks to each and every one of you. Peace

@habibainunsyifaf6463

2 жыл бұрын

The culture series?

@tektrixter

2 жыл бұрын

@@habibainunsyifaf6463 Correct

@Shanghaimartin

2 жыл бұрын

I do like his books. Very much enjoyed The Player of Games and Feersum Endjinn. However have you noticed that there's always a strangely enigmatic character (occasionally Scottish) in his books that's far better than everyone else at whatever they do? I wonder who that could be? :D

@riffmeister101

2 жыл бұрын

@@Shanghaimartin Hmm... I never picked up on that particular detail but now that I think about it... Personally, I always thought the Minds reflected Banks' point of view... definitely intelligent, somewhat irreverent and served with a side of sarcasm and feigned innocence/ignorance. I usually find myself re-reading Use of Weapons, Consider Phlebus, Surface Detail or Excession.

@Ausecko1

2 жыл бұрын

I think I remember this bit - wasn't it when they were running along the ship before the tidal wave hit? He didn't want to find the stairs, so he just jumps off the deck to float to the one below?

Kyle thank you so much for the Kazaa mp3 joke hahaha i totally forgot it and when you mentioned it a wave of good old kazaa memories came flooding back lol

That was a good ad segment, I love decaf Thor.

For a good example on how to build them would be to look at the way Iain M Banks describes The Culture's orbital rings.

As one who played and loved the original Halo when it came out, and someone who burned mp3's onto CDR's (from Kazaa, mind you) and may or may not have shattered a disc or two..... that hurt Kyle.

@frogz

2 жыл бұрын

try shattering rare game disks when trying to back them up!!

@Frogfucious80

2 жыл бұрын

@@frogz Oof. Now that's a kick in the nasties.

Dealing with the coriolis effect in a rotating space habitad could be a very good mechanic for a First Person Shooter.

I thought that the modern 7-ring Halo Array had rings of 10,000km, with the older 12-ring Halo Array having rings of 30,000km?

@VegetaLF7

2 жыл бұрын

This is correct.

*Captain America voice* I got that reference Also, for the Plasma Grenades sticking, I always figured it was because, while emitting the light and energy aura, it wasn't "active" until you clicked and threw it. Upon clicking it, it'd activate its internal components and, after a second, become "sticky", either through a chemical reaction or electro-magnetic coating, allowing you to have time to throw it but also allowing it's other effects to work within canon

@adrianthom2073

2 жыл бұрын

“Bet you can’t stick it”

@BiakSkull

2 жыл бұрын

It melts through things so it sticks

Hey @Kyle Hill, returning Super Nerd here. love the show, the episode, and the video game series, so I have some thoughts on the Plasma Grenade. I've always thought the plasma grenades use the electromagnetic properties of plasma to magnetically bond to the target until they explode. They aren't always glowing, and have to be activated first. Once thrown I have always assumed it's about the impact that activates a magnetic effect which clings to metals found in the target. This makes sense because they can cling to metal armor and vehicles alike. This does not make sense when they cling to the bodies of the Brutes (a nickname of one alien race), who sometimes forego armor entirely in favor of their hairy and thick near bullet proof hides, or the Guta, another alien species of giant gorilla like animals found on the planet Reach. It's possible that these aliens have a high metal content in their bodies, possibly their bones, especially since Brutes invented electricity throwing weapons when they were at war with one another before joining the enemy faction the Covenant. Maybe they are susceptible to electricity due to some ferrous properties of their bodies, so that's what they used on each other. However, it seems odd that they and the Guta alike both possess ferrous properties while being the only fleshy targets we ever throw plasma grenades at. That's a major coincidence The truly strange thing is really what the plasma grenades do and do not "stick" to. They will stick to a person, but not a wall. They will stick to a vehicle, but not a crate. Clearly the "stickiness" property is controlled, and the grenade has some kind of suite of sensors and computational ability to determine what it has struck on impact, and will only then stick to the object if it "wants" to. Otherwise it's unlikely that such a system could be so particular about what it sticks to. For example, it may produce a complex magnetic field that acts as a sort of 3d scanner, like an MRI by making use of the magnetic properties of the plasma contained within the grenade which is later used to create the detonation. But regardless of how it determines what to stick to, it must possess some kind of radical method of sticking because it deals no damage to the target until it explodes. This is the main reason I am disputing your idea, Kyle, that it's melting the target or itself to create a form of adhesion. It must be some kind of mechanism that's relatively harmless given the circumstances and lack of damage until detonation. I suggested magnetism despite the few inconsistencies in ferrous materials, but it could also be something chemical like a snail's fluid due to how they're manufactured. See, the plasma grenades are manufactured by yet another alien race in the conglomerate known as the Covenant. These are nicknamed the Engineers, and they possess tentacle appendages that can warp their shape to form many tool like structures and create small artificial gravity fields. They also hold many materials separately inside themselves in bladders for construction, and have minds that can reverse engineer new technology in minutes. They do all of this because they were not evolved, but rather created by an extinct ancient alien species. They're actually biological robot construction workers and inventors, hence their nickname. Anyway, since the plasma grenades are manufactured by these biological creatures, they may possess some kind of biological solution to this problem in the form of a sticky solution of chemicals which the grenade secretes just before impact. This is also interesting with the MRI scanner idea because the Engineers are 100% peaceful since their minds were programmed not evolved, and they're enslaved by the Covenant. They always make tools of peace, but those are then warped by their commanders on pain of death into tools of destruction. If the plasma grenades started out as portable MRI machines for medical purposes, or maybe a means for the blind to see in magnetic resonance, then they might have presented it to their enslavers only to be ordered to make the plasma core overload and explode on impact. The stickiness might have originally been meant to stick the device to a wounded individual or damaged vehicle for diagnostics, hence why it only seems to activate on impact with those things. The plasma core might have been both a power source and a means to produce the MRI effect of the device. All of this makes sense within the confines of the Halo universe, and it bridges the gap substantially between the fiction and reality if it were to be made canon for the series.

@engineeredtofail6746

2 жыл бұрын

If I'm not wrong the explanation is that when activated they start to leak their inner coolant which is why we see gas coming out, and eventually this coolant not only vents but covers the surface of the grenade making it sticky, without coolant inside then the core of the grenade collapses and creates the reaction we see as an explosion, this however doesn't really explain why it doesn't sticks to terrain but it does on small vehicles and infantry, I mean, that's probably because gameplay but, it's a quite interesting characteristic of the plasma grenade

I’m so happy you made this video ❤️❤️

LOL that was so funny at the end. SCIENCE TACULAR! "Aria was that funny?" *cricket noises*

The Forerunners made a big deal about certain technological feats that had to be achieved in order for a civilization to attain "rank" one being able to condense matter, demonstrated by Spartan Mjolnir armor (the MC's armor weighs around 1000lbs), another was being able to subvert the laws of physics to build megastructures. This was something Humanity had yet to accomplish. That said, the Forerunners had, through some variation of Active Support, a means of using active vectors of force, energy beams, streams of particles, to hold stuff up. This version being able to hold matter together under even the most insane forces. Think Star Trek's "Structural Integrity Fields" that allow actually structurally unsound vessels (as most Starfleet vessels are) to survive the stresses and strains of just maneuvering with any degree of interest to being shot clean through and not collapse [or] shatter. In this way, the HALO rings are 5000km radius and not fling themselves apart. It also helps that they are not spinning very quickly at all, relatively speaking.

@daralcampbell2171

2 жыл бұрын

Forerunner’s power their megastructures on the energy of dying universes

@dr.catherineelizabethhalse1820

2 жыл бұрын

Do they spin tho? They don’t really have to.

@DocWolph

2 жыл бұрын

@@dr.catherineelizabethhalse1820 They have to in order to generate artificial gravity. much more believable and sustainable than powering gravity panels.

@DocWolph

2 жыл бұрын

@@slimerewoods5766 It's easier to spin also, actually watch the cutscene s in the actual game, Original version or Blurr's remaster, the Halo rings spin... albeit Slowly.

@DocWolph

2 жыл бұрын

@@slimerewoods5766 The ring, because of its orientation to the planet it orbits, gets its day-night cycle orbiting the planet , passing through its shadow. Otherwise, to accomplish a day nioght cycle, the ring would have be spin 'like a coin on it edge. This would destroy the ring becasue it would begin the stretch toward the perpendicular of the axis of rotation. Aggravated by having MORE MASS being directed, actually and/or by inertia, the ring could not hold. The ring would NOT have its of biosphere. To resist such forces, would require more energy than it is worth. Your notion does not work based on what is shown in HALO and what is known in real life of physics. The Ring spins along its circumference to generate gravity. It is easier, safer, harder to subvert, and reserves energy for the rings main function as a galactic scale WMD. Why expend the power for something you don't need power for, if you don't have to? Whatever Clarktech solution the Foreruuners used is immaterial since were were talking about Artificial Gravity and NOT how they keep the lights on. And I started this thread on how they ring would stay together as it spun. Again Clarktech but that made the most sense for what is shown in HALO and in Rel live is known of physics. Clarktech? Please refer to Arthur C Clark's Third rule "Any technology sufficiently advanced is indistinguishable from Magic. (Paraphrase)"

I think we should keep blue AI ARIA as seen in this episode

2 days 185k 1.7k. Good to see you again.

I love the A.R.I.A hologram, hope to see more of A.R.I.A, keep the fantastic videos going Kyle

KaZaa! Holy crap, I haven't heard that name in quite a while. The rate at which our recent past becomes stranger in retrospect is kind of alarming, sometimes.

the most Iconic place in gaming with the most iconic soundtrack in gaming

@DarthBiomech

2 жыл бұрын

...is the UAC research facility on Mars, right? Nothing can be more iconic than the literal progenitor of the entirety of FPS genre.

I felt that last "SCIENCE FRENZY" in my soul

This is one of the dopest channels on KZread

If anyone could talk theoretically about the topic, it would be Kyle

Great video! A good follow-up video would be the Halo weapon array itself. It uses a tuned pulse of supermassive neutrinos to wipe out all intelligent/complex lifeforms.

@andrewe.7299

2 жыл бұрын

The problem is that Kyle’s videos typically have to have science in them, and BS game science isn’t really good science

@TH3C001

Жыл бұрын

The guy has made videos on the science behind _Super Saiyans,_ “BS game science” would not stop him. If he can talk about the theoretical science that would be needed to make anime stuff real, he could breakdown what it would take to make the weaponry of Halo real.

I loved this video and ARIA’s hologram! Oddly enough, learning new things that I seldom know about makes my nervousness for finals just a bit more manageable.

Great video! Cononically halo rings actually do use artificial gravity generators and only use the spinning as a backup way, but.... few people actually know that and isn't that important if a detail.

Great video Kyle, always an entertaining and informative adventure. I'm wondering if you could possibly go into the science of such a ring orbiting the earth and how it would effect people/Spartans on each side of the rings acceleration. Would the motion of the ring orbiting cause acceleration/deceleration of objects on the advancing side of the spinning ring compared to the side spinning the opposite way of the orbits travel?

@DarthBiomech

2 жыл бұрын

If it would, I believe the force would be almost undetectable.

Might have been worth noting that a 5000 km ring would not need a "roof" to contain atmosphere. A 2km ring would either need to be roofed, or to actually be a hollow disc.

@faidheanta2611

Жыл бұрын

I was just wondering that. Can you expand on why?

@JM-cv7nv

Жыл бұрын

With Earth's gravity you would just need a ~150km lip around the edges to keep air in. Nothing between you and vacuum but air. Think about how thick Earth's atmosphere is and it'll make sense. Have some very tall 'mountains' around either side of the ring.

Thanks Kyle, I feel old now. Great video!

“Most known mega structure “ blud forgot the Death Star 🗿

Well if the ISS stopped and started hovering the astronauts would first feel the walls hitting them at orbital velocity before becoming human soup, and possibly ripping through the station walls

Remember when the Assault Rifle had 60 rounds? Master Chief remembers...

@ix7958

2 жыл бұрын

@@Die-Angstif you really did not care then you would have not replied, one that does not care will not hate it or like it for the simple reason of not being remotely interested. Therefore you saying such a false and negative remark simply shows that you care in one way or another. (I don't see how no one cares when the franchise revolutionized FPS Multiplayer and has been an Icon for the gaming scene for two decades)

2:00 I have those exact same weights, t hey're kinda big cause they're filled with gravel instead of being made of metal, and they slide all over the place. But they're good and cheap. :)

IIRC, the main issue that comes with Halo rings creating artificial gravity by spinning is that trying to land on the ring would be difficult since you risk crashing or burning up in atmosphere if you don't match the ring's rotation on approach

@OverlordMD

2 жыл бұрын

Could be solved if you're willing to trade a ring for a wheel. Spokes connecting to a rotating docking collar in the center means you'd only need to park next to it and match its rotation like in Interstellar.

@DarthBiomech

2 жыл бұрын

Not that difficult, I think. Approach the surface from the edge, match the rotational velocity and then hoop over the edge to the landing site. But you would be able to land on them only in the vector along their direction of rotation, and you'd need to compensate for the ring trying to constantly escape "up" from your POV.

For the plasma grenade question at the end, is there an adhesive that could retain its ability to stick at such hot temperatures? To activate the grenade ingame you first press a button on it, perhaps when pressed it starts secreting an adhesive on the surface of the sphere? Picturing something like how a poison dart frog secretes the poison from its skin when threatened. It takes the grenade a number of seconds to explode anyway so it doesn't instantly turn into a ball of plasma right away, so it could possibly work. Adhesive gets secreted onto the surface of the grenade, internal temperature of said grenade heats up while getting ready to explode, the adhesive helps the grenade attach onto a target, then gets melted away along with whatever it was attached to upon detonation

@GTAVictor9128

2 жыл бұрын

But you obviously don't want the adhesive to be secreted immediately because then it would stick to your own hand.

@damienstitchman1981

2 жыл бұрын

I believe the in-universe explanation for how the plasma grenades stick is that, once thrown, the grenade heats up so much that it melts into things to stick to them. I could be mistaken, as it's been a while since I read the books. But I'm fairly sure that's how they work :)

@NecronNate

2 жыл бұрын

@@damienstitchman1981 I remember seeing that in the books as well Only thing I have against that explanation though is energy shields Your shields ingame don't go down when a grenade sticks to you, so the grenade with this explanation would have to melt an energy shield(Although if we look at a Jackals energy shield, a plasma grenade bounces off of them)...did we just find a plot hole in Halo?

@damienstitchman1981

2 жыл бұрын

@@NecronNate You know, I'm not quite sure what the explanation there would be. Every time I think of something it comes back to the shields not going down. We might have discovered a plot hole here!

@arthurfleck5173

2 жыл бұрын

Cold Fusion plasma....a extra mini nuk of sorts.

Still waiting for an Expanse video game with realistic physics, where everything (more or less) makes sense.

@DarthBiomech

2 жыл бұрын

Have you tried "children of a dead earth"? It's a bit _too_ realistic for my taste though (as in: extremely pedantic), and suffers from a case of "programmer art" syndrome. Other than that there's only Kerbal Space Program, I think.

Excellent video as usual Decaf Thor- I mean Kyle! I wish more people knew about Ringworld, what the Halo rings are based on. The novels by Larry Niven describe a ring that, instead of orbiting a gas giant, replaced an entire star system. I grew up with Halo, and it will always have a special place in my heart, but Ringworld was Halo in 1970. And a hell of a lot bigger. Using the equations in the video, I learned that Ringworld spins at 0.000774 RPM. Someone please correct me if my math is off, I tried to do it on my phone lol

11:41 Damn, if that isn't the most blunt explanation of Master Chief's relationship with Cortana, I don't what it is.

Halo rings generate artificial gravity through generator facilities in the ring, not rotation. In fact, I believe they are more like ring-like starships, as they can travel, including at FTL speeds. However, they do not rotate.

@avatariroh0543

2 жыл бұрын

They do rotate, but only for a day-night cycle.

@smallpeople172

2 жыл бұрын

@@avatariroh0543 even then, they rotate in a perpendicular fashion

Would love to see a Halo collab between The Facility and Installation 00

Great video! Rings in sci-fi are the best!

This has to be the first time in years I didn't just double-tap fast forward out of a sponsor skit.