Base flow separation allows us to know which part of the hydrograph is contributed by quick-response flow i.e. direct runoff. To do so, we may use the simplest straight line method. Once we know the base flow, we can subtract it from a storm hydrograph and obtain direct runoff hydrograph.
A direct runoff hydrograph may be associated with an effective rainfall hyetograph. It is resulted from the subtraction of losses from hyetograph obtained for storm. Effective rainfall allows us to know how much rainwater is being discharged out from catchment, instead of being retained by storage components or infiltrated into the ground. The rainfall losses is usually expressed as phi index.
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References:
1. Subramanya, K. (2013). Engineering Hydrology (4th ed). McGraw Hill Education (India). New Delhi.