The move towards Green Steel will significantly increase the roll-out speed of new generations of equipment such as Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) kilns and smelters.
To meet the targeted reduction of CO2 emissions, a large proportion of DRI kilns will be progressively fed with hydrogen along with the natural gas as per their availability. Hydrogen in the DRI process reacts with the refractory lining. Hence, the design and the refractory lining concept need to be adapted depending on the operating conditions, in particular the hydrogen content, in order to ensure long service life of the kiln.