Copper for comparison would’ve been interesting

@randgate

2 ай бұрын

I thought the same (not fact checked/Google): Thermal conductivity of natural diamond was measured to be about 2,200 W/(m·K), which is five times more than silver, the most thermally conductive metal. The value for pure silver 406, for pure copper is 401, for nickel 91 and for stainless steels around 16.

@skanderbeg152

2 ай бұрын

​@@randgatethats actually really interesting, i would not have guessed that at all

@toby1248

2 ай бұрын

That blade is carbon steel not stainless steel though, so it should be closer to 40W/mK

@coin777

2 ай бұрын

it would be in between those two

@woody442

2 ай бұрын

@@coin777 Yeah obviously, still I’d liked to actually see the diamond outperform the usual everyday top conductor - copper.

I really want a diamond ice cream scoop now.

@codiserville593

2 ай бұрын

Whoa ho! Now that's thinking!

@Green24152

2 ай бұрын

Minecraft moment

@Lrd.Osiris

2 ай бұрын

Genius!

@ian_simbotin

2 ай бұрын

Don't we all?

@kasvos9292

2 ай бұрын

What's gonna heat the diamond scoop? If it doesn't snap.

“Diamond is a really good conductor of heat” This is also one of the weird facts I somehow learnt from a video game

@germankerman984

2 ай бұрын

Oxygen Not Included?

@snickerdog65hume27

2 ай бұрын

@@germankerman984 yep

@russellwen1410

Ай бұрын

I learnt that from Children of a Dead Earth

@Lomionz

Ай бұрын

And that game was Oxygen Not Included?

@mousumidas1256

Ай бұрын

Subnautica.

- What heatsink you use for your PC? - Water cooler made of diamond.

@kilgarragh

3 сағат бұрын

high end thermal paste does have trace amounts of diamonds

Noted. I now need a heatsink for my pc made of diamond.

@VeteranVandal

2 ай бұрын

It's in your thermal paste.

@wassapM8

2 ай бұрын

Blessed pfp

@TheWinjin

2 ай бұрын

Same thought immediately imagine replacing heatsinks with diamonds. Would probably light up really cutely too

@LadyMistborn

2 ай бұрын

Idk about all thermal paste, but one I used to use from Microcenter was made of synthetic diamond because of its incredible heat transfer abilities, idk if they still make it anymore since MX-4 ended up blowing any other paste out of the water

@MrNothinguploaded

2 ай бұрын

I think the best you can do is graphene

... "and that's why the diamonds I bought are an allowable business expense"

@attila5221

2 ай бұрын

i probably have like 5 grams of diamond next to me, it makes for a fantastic abrasive.

@dud3655

2 ай бұрын

Lab made is nowhere near as expensive as the natural bullshit, one of the most common gemstones with the price of the least common lol, you have to be dumb to buy the natural kind if you just want to put a stone on a ring.

@adamfreed2291

2 ай бұрын

Synthetic diamonds are surprisingly cheap. The price of natural diamonds is entirely based on marketing and false scarcity.

@attila5221

2 ай бұрын

@@adamfreed2291 yeah i know, tho synthetic diamonds for jewelry are a whole lot more expensive than abrasives, but still, 1/10th of the price of the naturals.

@farkasmactavish

2 ай бұрын

​@@adamfreed2291And human suffering!

❌ Cutting ice with diamond ✅ Cutting ice with ice

This is so weirdly nostalgic for me. My dad was involved in developing methods for growing industrial diamonds, so there's a chunk of my childhood marked by chips of impure, black charcoally diamond wafers scattered around the kitchen. Cutting ice with it was one of my first introductions to the idea that cold isn't a thing--there's just heat that can travel around get slurped away.

like a hot diamond through ice

@whenimmanicimgodly4228

2 ай бұрын

I scrolled past then realized what i read and busted laughing had to come back and like 😂😂😂😂

@azouitinesaad3856

2 ай бұрын

like a warm diamond through ice

@ahetzel9054

2 ай бұрын

I'm using this 😂

@KewlKelton

2 ай бұрын

I was about to say this 😂

@divelar9027

2 ай бұрын

Wait is this a reference. I am not getting it 😅

So we need to start making heatsinks out of diamonds.

@rene9892

Ай бұрын

was just thinking that!

@KVJ1234

Ай бұрын

it's a great idea until you realize diamonds are flammable

@mtdfs5147

Ай бұрын

@@KVJ1234 Yes... at like 2000c and with pure oxygen running over it... It isnt going to catch on fire from 70c I dont think...

@mtdfs5147

Ай бұрын

unless your talking about like an industrial heat sync. I was thinking of like a pc heatsync.

@EarlHare

Ай бұрын

Much lower tensile strength than copper though. Much less resistant to shocks and would develop cracks, so water-cooled / portable devices are probably not a good idea. But as the price of copper keeps going up, and the price of manufactured diamond keeps going down, who knows what the future holds.

Now if they could use diamond with heatsinks for CPUs. You’d probably have the best thermal conductor ever.

Fun fact. Because water is denser than ice, even exerting pressure with no heat will also slowly "cut" ice

@farfromirrational948

Ай бұрын

I mean...technically heat IS a byproduct of pressure.

@TomBertalan

Ай бұрын

Eg, ice skating

Steel has actually a rather poor thermal conductivity. You stir boiling tea with a spoon and not feel a thing.

@ColCurtis

2 ай бұрын

Stainless steel is much worse than steel. Most likely, you were stirring your tea with a stainless steel spoon. Try a copper or aluminum spoon.

@karstenschuhmann8334

2 ай бұрын

@@ColCurtis My parents have some old silver spoons, with then stirring tee is getting your fingertips quite hot. But it is nothing compared to stirring tea with a heat pipe.

@outkast937

2 ай бұрын

​@@ColCurtis steel in general is a poor conductor of heat, too much thermal mass, it doesnt like changing its temperature, but once you do get it hot, itll stay like that for a while

@richardwelsh7901

2 ай бұрын

​@@karstenschuhmann8334 it's tough when there's no clean spoons and I all I have left to stir with is my heat pipes

@satrah101

2 ай бұрын

Make steel razor 30 time thinner. 😊

There are some diamond coated non-stick pans for cooking out there and they actually do a better job in searing meat than most metal pans I've used.

@karstenschuhmann8334

2 ай бұрын

Really? I was thinking of this idea for the last 20 years, but I did not know someone actually made it.

@DeathnoteBB

2 ай бұрын

@@karstenschuhmann8334It’s pretty common if even Seen on TV pans use it. I assume most just don’t bother mentioning it as their pans actually work

@karstenschuhmann8334

2 ай бұрын

@@DeathnoteBB Real diamond coatings are pretty expensive. I doubt in any of these pans diamonds actually contributed to its properties. ELAC had very expensive diamond speakers. They really had one speaker membrane made from diamond, but it was so small that it was only used from 17kHz to 200kHz. I doubt anyone could hear the difference. It was a speaker optimized for cats.

@Elena-tj3so

2 ай бұрын

But the pan is still made of metal isn't it? Does the coating really do anything?

@burner33

2 ай бұрын

@@Elena-tj3so i guess it would spread out the heat better on the cooking surface, but i doubt the sear would be that much better.

Its the tighter crystal structure. Carbon tends to line up with itself really well under the right conditions, leading to an extremely tight molecular structure. The closer the atoms the easier it is to transfer thermal energy

@freshcoatpaintingmore9951

Ай бұрын

I was thinking how carbon fiber or graphite compared to it, too.

@soupisfornoobs4081

Ай бұрын

​@@freshcoatpaintingmore9951graphite is spread out in comparison, with a flat geometry, where in a diamond the carbons are packed together in tetrahedrons

Who would've thought minecraft actually nailed it with this lil funfact

I believe this principle is how "diamond testers" work, specifically the ones you see on watch maker forums where someone wants to check that the replacement crystal they bought really is sapphire glass and not regular mineral glass. The tester heats up the tip of the device and then measures the temperature drop when you press it against the material being tested and displays any temperature drop on the LED bar chart. If there's no temperature drop it's mineral glass, if there's a big temperature drop then it's sapphire glass.

That’s why diamond 3D printing nozzles are king!

@VeteranVandal

2 ай бұрын

And you can make a very small part and it'll take a long time to wear and it'll conduct heat almost as well as possible.

@Drekromancer

2 ай бұрын

@@VeteranVandal The fact that hobbyists can 3D print diamond structures at will is proof that we're living in the sci-fi future I always dreamed of.

@AbdulWahab-tm1wy

2 ай бұрын

@@Drekromancer i dont think they are printing diamonds lol; the nozzles of 3d printer is made up of diamond

@michaelphone8739

2 ай бұрын

this is not the reason, It’s because diamond is extremely resistant to wear and abrasion

@bosstowndynamics5488

Ай бұрын

​@@michaelphone8739There's lots of options that are extremely resistant to abrasion though, the key is that diamond does both, and it does both of them really well

anything dense is a good conductor, diamonds are incredibly dense

Damn, I knew diamond was hard as fuck, but had no idea about its ability to conduct heat

I actually read about the thermal conductivity of diamonds a few days ago and I was thinking whether it is practical to make heat sinks for electronics using synthetic diamonds.

@iiiiiiiiiiiiii3280

2 ай бұрын

The first thing I thought too. But even synthetic diamonds cost a lot.

@markjacobson4248

2 ай бұрын

Hypothetically yes but realistically no. For something like a heat sink for a computer there are so many other factors at play that affect the end result. Despite being very hard, diamond is quite a fragile material. It's just like glass, which is harder than common steel but not even close to the durability. This means diamond exchange fins would have to be thicker, limiting surface area relative to aluminum or copper fins in the same volume. Furthermore, we already have heat pipes, which have a far higher effective thermal conductivity than diamond does. The only place diamond makes sense to be used in computer cooling, it is already being used in. That's in thermal interface material, I.E. thermal paste.

@csn583

2 ай бұрын

Dream material for TIM, not useful for heat sinks.

@Toxicity1987

2 ай бұрын

Would be interresting in some spechal cases, but heatpipes are still more effective than diamonds. Diamonds are like 2300W/(m·K) while heatpipes have at least 10kW/(m·K)

@TLguitar

2 ай бұрын

​@@markjacobson4248 Heat pipes aside as they are combined with fins as far as I know, the fins of an aluminium (or copper) heat sink aren't usually thinner than what a diamond might be cut into (the diamond sheet shown in this video is 0.5mm, which is less than a lot of standard heat sink fins), so diamond, depending on type, being about 5-8 times more thermally conductive than copper should be able to conduct heat much more quickly while employing a similar form factor. Whether it is possible to combine them with heat pipes in a similar form factor is the question.

Waiting for someone to make a diamond wok

@erebusaeon6945

2 ай бұрын

Hey carbon steel is the next best thing. You just need 98% more carbon to even it out.

@VeteranVandal

2 ай бұрын

Diamond combusts and doesn't conduct electricity very well. Besides being a very hard and prone to breaking material. So it's not a great wok material. Though it's used to line pans as a coat.

@erebusaeon6945

2 ай бұрын

@@VeteranVandal The word you're looking for is brittle.

@Davewutsup

2 ай бұрын

It would just burn and disintegrate. It's made basically a pure carbon. ,,, Like firewood

@kindlin

2 ай бұрын

@@erebusaeon6945 Metallurgy/materials science joke, I love it.

Minecraft lied at me , I always thought diamond was bright blue '-'

wow I didn't know that diamond conducted that much heat, so cool

oh thats cool. i knew there was some heat retention test for fake diamonds but didnt really think about it before.

@awareqwx

2 ай бұрын

Diamond has the highest thermal conductivity of any common material, and a good chunk of the materials that beat it are also made of carbon

@lander90

2 ай бұрын

"Oh that's cool" funny REAL FUNNY

@_..-.._..-.._

2 ай бұрын

@@lander90 -real- _really_ funny

@kie2

2 ай бұрын

I don't have too much to back this up but insisting that synthetic diamonds are "fake" seems like mining and jewelry company propaganda to me

@awareqwx

2 ай бұрын

@@kie2 Not fake as in synthetic, fake as in cubic zirconia. Synthetic diamonds pass heat-related tests just as well as natural ones.

I never would have actively thought of diamond as having conductive properties- But gosh darn it, now I can’t stop thinking about it

@VeteranVandal

2 ай бұрын

Thermal properties. Diamonds do not conduct electricity usually, unless they are doped. It has high thermal conductivity because they have very strong covalent bonds and low phonon scattering, so the vibrations travel more coherently than materials that have many crystalline defects.

Cut ice with a sharp salt blade

I’m now waiting for diamond computer processor coolers

I would love to see a comparison with you holding the diamond with an oven mitt.

@ian_simbotin

2 ай бұрын

Spoken like a true scientist.

@charlieevergreen3514

2 ай бұрын

AND a comparison with a 9-volt battery attached to the diamond!

this demonstration also works worh the integrated heat spreader of a CPU, i always love seeing people put ice on top of a room temp cpu and it just melt away instantly

@_..-.._..-.._

2 ай бұрын

“I always love seeing…” how often are you seeing this?!? Do you work in a cpu heatsink testing company?

@dhkdlhdyodyoclydtkd96494

2 ай бұрын

@@_..-.._..-.._ oh no it's just one KZread video but I get it on my feed regularly and watch it every time

That’s a premium cut

You can see the cold air

Diamond butterknife?

@joelvarney5091

2 ай бұрын

This guy knows what's important!

@SianaGearz

2 ай бұрын

Diamond ice cream scoop.

@codiserville593

2 ай бұрын

It seems it needs to come to be a thing now

@iamfuckingyourwaifuandther2743

2 ай бұрын

@@SianaGearz They already have an aluminum ice cream scoop. The ice cream scoop is called zeroll, it's about $20, but it's literally the best icescream scooper in the world. Fyi, only handwash it, do not put it in your dishwasher because it has a liquid in the handle that has an even better thermal conductivity and it will solidify and lose it's effectiviness due to the heat generated in the dishwasher, but you really only need to rinse it off between uses, so it's not even hard to clean.

Where do you get pieces of diamond like that?

@gregbernstein9126

2 ай бұрын

Yeah I want one as a gift for friend who make cocktails.

@MaratRostov

2 ай бұрын

look up "cvd diamond wafer"

@maol2038

2 ай бұрын

@@MaratRostov thanks!

@chriscahill993

12 күн бұрын

Thanks!

Now cut diamonds with ice.

Your explanations are very comprehensible and fun

Now cut a diamond with ice.

@younscrafter7372

2 ай бұрын

I mean, you could melt it and use a water jet

@CothranMike

2 ай бұрын

water with entrained cutting compound? which compound would you pick!

@Metal_Master_YT

2 ай бұрын

@@CothranMike CBN most probably, or just more diamond.

@_..-.._..-.._

2 ай бұрын

@@younscrafter7372 “I mean…” Gen Z detected.

@thescatologistcopromancer3936

2 ай бұрын

​@@_..-.._..-.._people have been saying that for decades

Ooh, would have loved to see it done while holding the diamond while wearing insulating gloves.

Pressure also makes ice melt at lower temp

Now cut diamond with ice

Reminds me of cutting ice with heatpipe.

I now want a heated ice cream scoop made from diamond.

i almost fell asleep watching u cut it so relaxing

I had no idea that it was such a heat conductor!! What a fantastic demonstration to really make that idea stick

Hold the diamond with something insulating, and then try to cut the ice.

@redwarf8118

2 ай бұрын

like a glove?

@chrislarmour

2 ай бұрын

@@redwarf8118 I was thinking something with a known insulating ability, better than a glove

@SkyChu0

2 ай бұрын

@@chrislarmourso oven mitts then?

Diamond armor protects you more in lava than iron in Minecraft. When he explains diamond is 40x more conductive than iron: ☠️

The ice steals the heat. The ice is literally black.

the things i learn on the interwebs

Wow, nearly looks sped up

@Anonym00U

2 ай бұрын

Doesn't look like it, you'd be able to tell fs

@k0pstl939

2 ай бұрын

​@@Anonym00Uthats why they said nearly

Could make a pretty kickass CPU heat spreader out of that

@Dysiode

2 ай бұрын

The company I work for is working on just that, but for for GPUs (specifically with AI chips in mind). It's still a ways out and won't find it's way into consumer electronics for a while, but it's on it's way!

@SkyChu0

2 ай бұрын

I’m definitely not particularly knowledgeable but I feel like that would be less useful than you might think. Overall heat conductivity would be limited by the slowest link in the chain so: * Electronics generating the heat wouldn’t necessarily pass heat to the spreader any faster * Similar to current heat spreader to heat sink connections, the imperfections in both surfaces would limit total conductivity i.e. needing thermal paste which will limit thermal conductivity * Not using thermal paste is still not an option as you just have insulating air pockets instead * At the end of the chain, you’re still trying to dissipate the heat to the low thermally conductive air so the heat capacity of the cooler would have more effect on the cooling capacity/ability of the cooler.

@Dysiode

2 ай бұрын

@@SkyChu0 if you slapped in diamond as a replacement to the copper we have now you'd be correct. You have to bond the diamond directly to the chips themselves, grinding away parts of the casing. The long term plan is to use the diamond as the substrate the transistors live on directly.

@SkyChu0

2 ай бұрын

@@Dysiode sorry, my comment was more directed towards the original comment of the cpu heat spreader. My layman understanding towards your company's project at the moment can only see a reduction in heat clumping/hot spots rather than necessarily improved heat dissipation. Would the engineering be around combining the die and cooling solution into a "single" cohesive link? Are there engineering challenges around breakages due to the reduced malleability of diamond? Again, limited understanding of any of this so I just ask because I don't know.

Fascinating, and completely counterintuitive for me

And now I want a diamond heatsink for my computer.

Can’t wait to build a PC with a diamond heat sink

Funny that the nickname of diamonds IS ice.

@azd685

2 ай бұрын

Yeah, and for the same reason. It's a great conductor of heat, so it feels cold when you touch it

@SeymourButs-gz9ij

2 ай бұрын

Ice is also the nickname of my favorite substance and the acronym for the group that took my gam gam away

This is why diamonds are used in pastes to join a radiator to a heat producer

Diamonds thermal paste 🤩

I want a cpu cooler made of synthetic diamond.

@casualintrovert207

2 ай бұрын

@LinusTechTips you know what you must do.

“A Stanley knife” is. UKism I hadn’t heard before (I’m an American if you couldn’t guess). I guess that’s like how pen-shaped razor knives are often called X-acto even if they aren’t indeed that brand.

@ifer1280

2 ай бұрын

Stanleymes in Dutch as well (mes translates to knife)

@SkyChu0

2 ай бұрын

Frisbee and Hoover are other examples of the same phenomena

@NomadSoul76

Ай бұрын

Actually if you look it up it appears to be an American brand. A quick search finds pictures of product packaging showing large made in America signs on them. Also now that I think about it, in the UK apparently they tend to call any vacuum cleaner a Hoover no matter the brand, but while we in America certainly know of the brand hoover, we don't do that here. So perhaps the fact that you can find Stanley knives here in America doesn't really change the situation. Still I recognize the term as meaning basically a box cutter.

Mind blown. I never would have thought that would happen. I knew diamond could conduct, but I had no idea it was more conductive than iron. Fascinating! Thanks for sharing.

Me touching my [diamond] seat east in the car:

I learned this from a game called oxygen not included 😂

@matthewnitz8367

2 ай бұрын

That's the first thing I thought of when he started the video!

@pierrotA

2 ай бұрын

A very good game where you need to understand the elements and physics interaction to survive. I find it very interesting that the only reason you can only survive mid-game is because you find a machine that do not follow the laws of conservation of energy... Very good demonstration of a system entropy. Just a small warning, you need a lot of time to play this game, and you need to be prepare to lose a lot 😅

@codiserville593

2 ай бұрын

I guess I didn't play it enough

@Green24152

2 ай бұрын

​@@pierrotAgood ol AE-TN

@ColCurtis

2 ай бұрын

Good game. I would rather it without the stupid animals, though.

John Constantine is so smart

I would never think Diamond are that much good conductor.

Fun fact: that steel blade is not cutting the ice becsuse it's sharp, but because when you push the blade it increases pressure on the surface of ice which melts it. That's how ice skates work. They melt the ice a little, the water works as a lubricant and you slide.

How much did that cost?

Same basic reason diamonds are difficult (but not impossible) to light on fire.

Now I'm impressed, 40 times the heat conductivity of steel!?

That is really cool. Love videos like this.

• Take a glass shard made of diamond from a factory • Reproduces a ice cube • Cuts it • yaps some shit idk • refuses to elaborate • leaves

wonder if you can make a diamond stove

@sm79165

2 ай бұрын

or a diamond frying pan?

@justforplaylists

2 ай бұрын

Do you mean a stove made out of diamond or a stove that uses diamonds as fuel?

@carmin.e

2 ай бұрын

completely diamond stove WITH DIAMOND FRYING PAN but diamond is not the fuel

@justforplaylists

Ай бұрын

​@@carmin.e From browsing the internet a bit: I guess diamond would be pretty nonstick, since it's a crystal. It won't get scratched because diamond is very hard, but it might shatter if you drop it. Being a good conductor of heat helps the pan heat up quickly. Since it's not ferromagnetic, it would need a ferromagnetic coating to work with an induction stove. Regarding specific heat capacity: At home, you want a pan that can store a lot of heat energy, because home stoves are uneven. Restaurants want pans that don't store too much so they can heat up quickly. Restaurants use aluminum which actually has a higher specific heat capacity, but can be made thinner. Home cooks use iron which has to be made thicker to store heat, but is cheaper. Diamond is about half as dense as iron, so a diamond pan would have to be twice as thick as a cast iron pan if you want to sear a steak at home, which would make it expensive. But if you're buying a diamond pan maybe you don't care about the price. If you're at a restaurant with a stove that can put out a lot of heat, or you don't need to store a lot of energy for what you're cooking at home, you can try to make a diamond pan with similar properties to an aluminum pan. It would have to be about 1.35 x thicker than an aluminum pan to store the same energy. But I think at that thickness it might be pretty brittle. Diamond has a low fracture toughness, because it's a crystal. You can get diamonds that aren't one piece of crystal, like the kind used for drill bits. I think you'd want to go with that, but the thermal conductivity might be lower, it's more porous so it might need a coating, and it's much less pretty. Diamond has a much lower autoignition temperature than iron or aluminum, but I think it's still high enough that there's not much risk of your pan catching on fire. I think ovens have some sort of insulation in addition to whatever metal they're made from, unless it's an old cast iron stove.

@Anonymous426_

Ай бұрын

⁠@@carmin.eWhy would you want a diamond stove? You want the entire stove to be burning hot?

I never knew diamond was such a good conductor of heat.

Fav channel by a lot

Linus tech tips should use some of this as a thermal pad and show results

This is how I imagine shard blades work.

I thought the diamond was sharp and the ice was melting due to high pressure

It makes sense that diamond should be a good conductor of heat, but I never really realized how good. Cool video, no pun intended! :)

diamond is pure, fused carbon; the outer surface picks up valence electrons as well as any substance would, but there's nowhere _in_ the diamond for those electrons to loiter so they just find somewhere less gentrified to hang out

Another thing he's not mentioning, ice is less dense than water which is widely known. What not a lot of people know is that applying enough pressure to ice can force it to turn into water even if it's temperature is still below freezing. Once the pressure let's up the water freezes solid again, you can do this experiment at home. Grab two ice cubes and press them tightly together then let go, they will stick as their borders quickly liquify then freeze again. I believe there's an experiment somewhere in KZread as well, a huge block of ice has a string with weights attached to it hanging from the middle. As time goes on the string slowly works it way through the ice but there's no way to remove it as the ice freezes shut behind it.

So we can use these as CPU coolers, hey Linus!

I'm just going to say, Diamond is actually so sturdy and thus you can make it into small knife and pass it as accessory

Now we need diamond ice skates

Send me this diamond so I can turn it into a heatsink for my PC.

That means that a diamond round ice mold not only would be the fanciest, but also the most effective

Diamond cable seems more plausible now that it can be synthetically made

I would think diamond tipped chisels would be used more often in ice sculpting

Easy mode: Diamond cutting ice Hard mode: Diamond-cutting ice

it cuts into the ice's soul.

Diamond is a good thermal conductor so it's always cold.

Diamond is unbreakable

cutting ice with ice

Something fascinating to me is that cold is never added to anything, its always heat being stolen

So, diamond cooking pans would be interesting

To start with it made my toes curle but then you came with the facts

If diamond is really that good of a conductor of heat and can be made in a lab, eventually we could have affordable diamond cookware.

That is also true, Diamond is very good at conducting heat but it the ice also melts because of the pressure that is exerted by the force you are inputting and the area it is released through, using the formula Pressure = Force / Area. As water is the densest form for water (not ice), pressure (an act of compacting a molecule to its denser form) will melt the ice. In fact, ice skating uses this method to have smooth motion. Water has these weird features because it has a special chemical bond (Hy drogen bond). During its liquid state, the water molecules bounce around and make and break these hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. However, as soon as you solidify it via turning it into ice, the water tries to maximises its hydrogen bond to have a stable orientation. This orientation traps "air"/"space" between it, making it lighter than water (hence, ice floats over water). Sorry for the nerdy behaviour, just wanted you to know 🤓

I don’t know why, but this was absolutely fascinating thank you

It's not just thermal conductivity. it's also pressure

And this is why synthetic diamonds are sometimes used for cooling transistors in high-frequency radio transmitters. At high frequencies, things needs to be small. But small means less surface area to transport away heat.

So I need a diamond ice press now for my whisky spheres. Got it

crystal on crystal violence over here, insane