This video comes with a quiz which you can take here: quizwithit.com/start_thequiz/1696810732638x719113301385612800

@unbekannternr.1353

8 ай бұрын

Quizes are a bit 'Watson', let's predict next weeks riddle like Sherlock would...

@osmosisjones4912

8 ай бұрын

Mars is shrinking to that means the planet used to be Bigger

@unbekannternr.1353

8 ай бұрын

Either this or they have just abolished capitalism...@@osmosisjones4912

@srobertweiser

8 ай бұрын

I took the test last week and scored 80%. And that was just from memory. lf there's no time limit and I can go back to check my notes, I'm gonna ace them from now on.

@srobertweiser

8 ай бұрын

I told you so, 12/12

Fun fact: planetary shrinkage was a popular geological explanation for Earth's mountains and other features prior to the theory of continental shift.

@sunnyjim1355

8 ай бұрын

*Continental drift "continental shift" is something else entirely, relation to work schedules.

@hervigdewilde3599

8 ай бұрын

@@sunnyjim1355 "Work schedules? That sounds interesting, tell me more..." - Penny, Big Bang Theory . Sorry, but it needed saying... 😂

@diversionbob8482

8 ай бұрын

@@hervigdewilde3599 Don't tell her, she's a spy 🤣

@joyl7842

8 ай бұрын

Fun fact: a lot of scientists do not agree on the conclusion that continental drift created Earth's mountain in the way that it supposedly did. Look into the formation of The Rocky Mountains, for example. In short: it's more complicated than just continental drift.

@helenamcginty4920

8 ай бұрын

​@@joyl7842saw a video about the rockies the other week but cant recall whether i saw the end or not. Must find text on the web. I prefer reading stuff like that. I dont see why that negates continental drift though or the formation of ranges such as the Alps and Himalayas.

"Don't get too excited. It just might be one damn string after another." I love how she injects her sense of humor into her videos.

I just assumed we all knew that meatballs shrink in an oven ...

@dr.tonielffaucet5988

8 ай бұрын

Noice Woyk my fwiend💯🧙‍♂️👍

@kingo_friver

7 ай бұрын

Also you might observe other twin balls down below shrunk and despined as they cool

@jeebusk

7 ай бұрын

They shrink outside of an oven too...

9:15 “but it’s a step to putting quantum between every other word” I absolutely lost it 😅 Such a savage and so smooth with it!

@seanphurley

6 ай бұрын

savage

About one year now, we are happy to benefit from your science news, thanks a lot😊

@SabineHossenfelder

8 ай бұрын

Yes, you're right, we started almost exactly one year ago!

@srobertweiser

8 ай бұрын

You edited this comment and it still says ''bews''?

@Thomas-gk42

8 ай бұрын

@@srobertweiser repaired, but sadly I lost her like by that.

@srobertweiser

8 ай бұрын

@@Thomas-gk42 Sorry about that, but I'm gonna sleep much better tonight knowing it doesn't say science ''bews''.

@paulbyerlee2529

7 ай бұрын

​@@SabineHossenfelderthere is an imposter pretending to be you doing a telegram scam.

Thank you for the news Dr. Sabine!

Thanks a bunch for the news, Sabine! 😊 Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊

I love finishing my day at work. Heading to the gym and then walking home listening to Sabine. It's a little highlight of my week, thank you for all your hard work putting this together Sabine

@Thomas-gk42

8 ай бұрын

So right 👍

@TerriblePerfection

7 ай бұрын

And her obvious pleasure in delivering the new topic. 😊

@AbeldeBetancourt

7 ай бұрын

A "little highlight of your week"? Have you narcissistic personality disorder? This has nothing to do with you or your life, please stop calling attention to yourself through the merits of others.

They've been stringing us along, for what seems like eternity.

For the new general computing trend of specialized hardware to speed things up at 16:13 - 16:26 I wrote computer programs for IBM 360/44 1968-73, for oil & gas exploration, in Fortran IV-E & Assembler and our (rented) IBM included a "convolver" specialized hardware (size of a wardrobe) that simply did the convolving process of 2 time series (multiply aligned values, sum them all, shift 1 time series & repeat). Not sure whether my Fast Fourier Transform for frequency domain filtering let them return the "convolver" to save rental but then the Raytheon 706 and Varian V73 happened and an Array Transform Processor (ATP) little slide-in box arrived cheap enough to buy outright so it was the scrap heap for the old "convolver", much like me now. That was nostalgic.

You're wonderful, Sabine. And whoever else helps her with these videos! We love you guys!

Fun fact: if there was a bike path at the equator of Mercury, you could easily stay all day in the sunset or sunrise temperate zone at about 20 degrees C.

@nosuchthing8

6 ай бұрын

And if you go 10 miles off that path by mistake, you burst into flames like Sarah conner did in her dream in terminator two.

@jimgraham6722

5 ай бұрын

Do we know how wide that zone is? What about at the poles? Is there anywhere you could set up camp and survive?

@ColdHawk

3 ай бұрын

Bring a pump for your tires…. The price for getting a flat is very, very high.

What often amazes me about Sabine is, as a physicist, she makes predictions based on her observations and experimental data, and it's shocking how often her predictions are right. She predicts "...and, of course, the phone will ring." And she's RIGHT. EVERY. GODDAMN. TIME. Quantum physics just blows my mind.

@paulbyerlee2529

7 ай бұрын

@sabine_hossenfelder- Scam Scam Scam

@jorriffhdhtrsegg

7 ай бұрын

But there may be a a Black Swan Event where this does not take place because ultimately she uses inductive probabilities as opposed to a deductive theory about what causes the phone to ring.

@larrywalsh9939

7 ай бұрын

@@jorriffhdhtrsegg Brain hurts now.

@pliktl

7 ай бұрын

she is really psychic

@rickharriss

7 ай бұрын

She simply doesn't show all the times it doesnt ring!

9:11 "But it is another step on the way to putting 'quantum' before every other word." Best laugh I've had in a long time.

Love it cuz there is no limit to the entertaining and instructive value of sarcasm ... enlightening and questioning.

Great as always! Thank you very much.

This channel is a gem

Many thanks for your much needed work! 👍🏼

15:09 You forgot to mention probably the most significant application: current AI models are pretty much entirely based on matrix multiplication. So better dedicated hardware will give us faster and probably bigger models to inevitably bring forth our robot overlords.

@fwiffo

7 ай бұрын

Was going to post this comment. This is also why graphics cards are great for doing machine learning, and why photonic computing will finally let me run Crysis.

@python_l5367

7 ай бұрын

Computer graphics as well.

@davidharvey3743

7 ай бұрын

If you knew what you are talking about, you could explain it in comprehensive English

@atashgallagher5139

7 ай бұрын

​@@davidharvey3743if you comprehensively understood English you'd be able to see that that was pretty thoroughly explained. It wasn't explained in very simple terms, but it was put well using the level of complexity appropriate for the topic at hand.

@BitwiseMobile

7 ай бұрын

@@davidharvey3743Matrix multiplication is a short cut way to multiply a collection of numbers in a n dimensional space. The way AI via an ANN works is that it stores a bunch of numbers, called weights, which it calculates during the training phase. In order to calculate an activation you need to sum those numbers and perform certain threshold operations on the value. The function used is dependent on the application, and there are many different types of activation functions. The output of that function is usually is usually the activation amount with the weight value in. That activation amount relates to the strength of the activation, and will help determine the final outcome. That example is for a single neuron. Modern networks have millions and even billions of artificial neurons which means you have to multiple millions or billions of numbers very quickly. That's where the massive parallelism comes with GPUs. There are other aspects of matrix multiplication that requires a course in linear algebra to understand, but that's it in a nutshell. You have to multiple a bunch of numbers quickly, and having a bunch of parallel floating point processing cores, like there is in modern GPUs, is the perfect way to do that calculation. Quantum computers will change that landscape in many ways. Those calculations essentially become instant. If we can get AI working in an quantum computer it will be scary fast.

Great video, I especially love its 80s/90s style, and your sense of humor 😄😄

I just want to say thank you to whoever named their organization "PNAS"

@srobertweiser

8 ай бұрын

Please tell them that Steve said 'thanks' too

The same happened to Pluto. It used to be a planet a few years ago...

@jedahn

8 ай бұрын

Jupiter used to be a God

@user-li7ec3fg6h

7 ай бұрын

​@@jedahnand Venus, Mars and Neptun too.

@jedahn

7 ай бұрын

@@user-li7ec3fg6h They should never have been demoted.

@VegassageV

7 ай бұрын

lmao, pluto was not a planet like almost 20 years ago

It's great to be hopefully learning more about Mercury!!! Of course, it would be even GREATER to learn more about Uranus.

Yet another excellent & informative video Sabine! It's been almost a year since you have been posting but I'll bet anything that it feels like an eternity! 😉😉👍👍

@srobertweiser

8 ай бұрын

I'd bet my incisors that it feels almost exactly like 365 days.

thank you!

Thank you for your humor, Dr. Sabine. You make me laugh as you educate me!

"if I wanted to care about things that doesnt exist I can just think about my pension savings" I spilled my water lmao

In the spirit of putting 'quantum' before anything, I am waiting for 'quantum quantum' and 'quantum anything'

@generalmarkmilleyisbenedic8895

7 ай бұрын

ULTRA QUANTUM

@Anonymous-df8it

6 ай бұрын

*Quantum in quantum the quantum spirit quantum of quantum putting quantum 'quantum' quantum before quantum anything, quantum I quantum am quantum waiting quantum for 'quantum quantum quantum quantum' quantum and 'quantum quantum quantum anything'

Thanks for the vidja!

Always ingeresting, Thanks!

13:39 great headline "AI helps find aliens" for a statistical method.

How can cesium clocks have an error in measuring the second, if the second is literally defined in terms of what the cesium clock measures?

A German with a sense of humour, hot as Mercury.

Now poor pluto won't feel so alone

Came for the cosmic string but was more interested in that disease simulator from northwestern, pretty intriguing

I think you got the nuclear clock performance wrong by ~14 orders of magnitude. They measured the 12.4 keV transition with 0.1 eV precision - so it’s a df/f~1e-5. much worst than your wrist watch not to mention atomic clocks. Love your videos by the way.

I’m glad you chose an ‘old apple’ for the imagery of Mercury’s wrinkly shrinkage. 😅3:04

Thanks

@SabineHossenfelder

7 ай бұрын

Thank you from the entire team!

One damned String after another!! I laughed out loud! 🤣

This episode brought to you by the numbers 300 million, and 300 billion.

There’s enough Botox in Southern California to correct Mercury’s wrinkles, I’m sure if it! 😂

Im retired and its easy to get way behind these days. I love your channel Sabine! And being a Texan of German descent who has spent a lot of time in Germany, your accent makes me feel at home. Wunderbar!

@srobertweiser

8 ай бұрын

Was your grandpa a German prisoner of war captured in North Africa?

@bjdefilippo447

8 ай бұрын

So true about retirement. The first few years, I still read the journals, advised grad students, etc., but it's tough to keep up when you're not going to the lab or department.😢 Don't suppose you're near either Fredericksburg or New Braunfels?

@howtoappearincompletely9739

7 ай бұрын

@@srobertweiser More probably a Deutschtexaner. See the Wikipedia article "German Texan".

@preacherF-15

7 ай бұрын

@@bjdefilippo447 very near new braunfels, hour and a half from Fredericksburg. Why?

@preacherF-15

7 ай бұрын

@@srobertweiser no, the German one was in his 70s during WWII and living in east Texas lol . These are not the Deutschlanders you're looking for...

I've been sick for two weeks, and now that I'm a little better, of all the channels I watch, this is the one I'm happier catching up with. I even have channels dedicate to hobbies of mine that I will leave for later.

The schematic image at 1:38 has the object that is seen twice not reflected, but the actual photo at 2:00 has it reflected. What is the correct expectation? When I visualize the situation I expect it to look like the schematic, but if the photo were wrong the experts should have noticed by now. Edit: In the conclusion, the paper hypothesizes that "the string is strongly inclined to the line of sight and, possibly, bent in the image plane". They talk about having to do general relativity computations to get it to match.

Good morning. Mercury must have an inner core offset from its geological center. Which influences its rotation and its structure. Greeting from France.

If coolness caused shrinking, you'd be microscopic by now Sabine.

@dr.tonielffaucet5988

8 ай бұрын

Noice Woyk my fwiend 🤣

@srobertweiser

8 ай бұрын

@@dr.tonielffaucet5988 Tank you, Doc

Stephen Baxter's book RING is mind blowing regarding cosmic strings.

@nosuchthing8

7 ай бұрын

Yes it IS. Great shout out to a great author.

Listening to you explaining Grabens in this sense while your brains basically screams for the basic German definition was some fun :D Actually Horsts confuse me somewhat more...

@jojo-pk

7 ай бұрын

A Horst is a high spot or lookout point (and eg eagle's nests are called Adlerhorst because they're typically high up)

Can't even begin to imagine what could be done if things like these where mastered

Exciting finally a new X-ray cool tempometer for my synthwave resonance of the sound of cosmos.

Finally. A use for Scandium.

Betteridge's Law of Headlines says, "No!" and prevents us wasting nearly 19 minutes of our lives. Thank you, Sabine.

@avae5343

7 ай бұрын

What, you mean there aren’t an infinite amount of universes and in one of them there is an sentient elephant?

"One-Dimensional-Object larger then a galaxy" *mind boggled*.

Hope you talk about the hotly debated (science or not?) paper on Assembly Theory in Nature.

I'm here for the rotating skull animations

Fast matrix multiplication hardware would be a HUGE change

I understand *some* of the words you said around 14:40. It could have used more explanation, because I have no idea what you were trying to say.

Where does the energy come from to keep the fermion/boson engine running?

Almost identical doesn't sound like a mirror image, those spectra had some obvious differences, more fluff than string

9:26 Naming your device after a somewhat common word obstructs attempts to search the web for it.

we must use it for my Dyson sphere before it evaporates away!!!

Thank goodness for you.

4:38 -- Gimme a second, would you? Yah sure, in about 300 billion years if you don't mind waiting. Look fella, we've already been 14 billion years, so we're almost most of the way there already. 4:58 -- No, no, now she says it's 300 million years. Whatever, million, billion, what the hell, same difference. What's 3 orders of magnitude between you and Kevin Bacon? Now get back in line, I have other customers waiting. We only give out seconds after we're done with the firsts. 6:15 -- Nah, haven't you heard? It's the Germans, man. They got into that Scandium nuclei instead of the Cesium, that's why you only got 3 orders to go. Shoulda ordered the Scandium. Yeah, well we're outta the Scandium, you want soup or not? It's a bit of a wait. 6:40 -- Well, I could go for 3 femtoseconds. You got maybe 3 femtoseconds back there? We're not all that precise, buddy, if you get my drift, but I'll go look, be back in a sec. 7:01 -- Hey buddy, you're in luck. You want femtoseconds, we got this new Thorium fresh in from Europe. It's a little pricey, cost you an X-ray or two, but that's the high energy for ya. Buddy? What the? Where'd he off to ... I was only gone a minute. And a small minute at that. What a buncha eons. Millie, hey Millie! You seen that second guy? If he show up again, you keep an ion him, okay? 7:36 -- Yah sure, MikeRon, whatever ya quant. The fermion took off, so just chill out.

🔥🔥🔥🔥

I so so sooooo wish we could have a segment over that phone of yours together one day, just at least once in our lives, i can already imagine all the theories that would pop up in our conversation. and all the peer reviews we'd start failing, but i wouldnt care... it would just give them, something to talk about and we could just keep trying each other's theories , together (with all due respect)

Appreciate the uses of the Lattice simulating human disease but would it not be better using a queue-cumber?

That's gonna make it time sensitive, if we're planning to disassemble Mercury for our Dyson swarm.

Thank you

In your beginning graphic you showed the galaxies as being the same on the left and right. Put the images shown later of the galaxies look like they are mirrored. Are they duplicated or mirrored?

If I remember correctly, the Kerr equation removed the singularity from the center of a black hole. It's something I've been trying to understand for a while, and for me, it started by questioning the size of the hole. As the hole absorbs mass, it gets larger, but how is this possible if the mass is a singularity?

The queen of tabloid Physics. Thank you Sabine...

Amazing video and facts really exciting! Congrats for more than one million subscribers and growing!

Great video. Posted on my Facebook timeline.

Good technology of fermion and bososns we need a Carnot cycle and assessed the efficiency. It brings a hope for me the predictions of GUT . At low temperature particles collapses to Identity less state . At very high temperature could be force field. Do we need a new photon's definition. News Sabina is brilliant. Looks nice.

String crunch event to ligo woble, is gravitational to string gauge. Stability periodicity. Now, the exemplified experiment is a true cake 🎉.

Ytterbium atomic clocks are about ten times as accurate as Caesium atomic clocks (because they rely on light waves rather than microwaves). Lutetium atomic clocks may be more accurate, which would be nice because it would mean we actually have a use for lutetium. I need a clock that is accurate to a second in three billion years to get to work on time.

Planetary shrinkage. I feel for you brother. It's okay.

@nosuchthing8

7 ай бұрын

Shrinkage, Jerry, shrinkage!

Not surprised Mercury is shrinking...it was very violet in the picture you presented.

With the atomic clock being so precise, it means the location of the clock itself becomes a factor as well? In away, the clock location becomes the baseline for the rest of us, if we use that clock as the ‘real’ time? With that I mean that where the clock is located on Earth plays a role too, considering the spinning of the Earth around its axis, and other potential variables? Wouldn’t there be a measurable difference when measuring time on the North Pole versus, say, South Africa?

Photonic matrix operation can help a lot on using large AI models as well (it is very expensive and most of the calculation is matrix multiplication)

@josephvanname3377

8 ай бұрын

I did not watch the video yet, so how much precision does this photonic operation give us? And is it in any way compatible with reversible computation?

@robbirose7032

8 ай бұрын

Isn't that what you fire at the Borg?

Interesting. Question (which I don't know enough about). Would a stellar mass black hole be enough to lens a galaxy like the one in the cosmic string article without distorting it too much? Just wondering if something like this could also be mistaken for a cosmic string...

@jonathanlucas3604

7 ай бұрын

I don't think so, gravitational lensing has a very definite pattern, and it would not result in exact duplication.

@rapid13

7 ай бұрын

It would probably have to be very close to the observer.

@nickspanlopis9342

7 ай бұрын

Additionally, there would be extreme distortion to the light waves from such a blackhole.

That "quantum engine" needing very low temperatures -- might be feasible in space

@davidrennie8197

7 ай бұрын

@@retiredbore378 I imagine it would radiate away

1:44 are cosmic stings like the dissection of the 4th dimensions into a 1d plain

IIRC, one thing that being able to do computations on matrices is in the field if computer graphics.

Thank you for the science news.

6:00 there are not THAT many elements in the periodic table, but every time I hear about one I didn't know I'm like "but, is this table infinite?" - here with Scandium 12:20 can't even tell anymore if the Musk segments are true or satire ahahah

@TlalocTemporal

7 ай бұрын

Scandium isn't even that big, just number 21.

Astrophysicists: "Mercury is shrinking" Mercury: "Space is cold! Space is cold!"

Oh no!

I'm a bit confused as to how an atomic clock based on cesium electron transitions would not be considered 100% accurate when the definition of the second is based on that exact frequency. Is it simply that our machines are not able to accurately measure that transition or am I misunderstanding what "unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency" means? Because I certainly don't know what that means beyond the layman explanations I've heard in the past describing it in terms of electron energy state transitions.

@folwr3653

7 ай бұрын

Every tiny electromagnetic field will perturb the transition energy of an atom ever so slighly. That means that there is a limit to the stability of the frequency. Another effect is that due to the uncertanty relation of Heisenberg there is a limit to the accuracy you can measure the frequency of a system in a finite time.

That happens to the best of us, especially when the weather is getting colder

Gru been getting more ambitious I see

Do you mean that I can refer to a quantum carnot cycle?

When faced with real-life challenges, I construct a fictional realm where everything is fine. String theory is that beautiful dream for physicist to escape

yes it was once 27 times bigger than jupiter so anyone can see that if they have been here as long as I have, I remember when the moon was only 46,000 kilometers from the earth there was a big tidal difference, I think the moon was to blame for a mass of volcanic eruptions

At 4:18 into the video, it's stated that Mercury shrinkage:- The value was in kilometres ((I think a more intuitive value would be as a %) especially seeing as no figure was given for the circumference (km)) of mercury. I'm under the influence of drugs atm and have d

6:56 “pew pew pew pew” look ma I’m a space blaster!!

Impressive that this is like watching some science show during hte 70es. Not sure if I like it or not

Exiting to know that more alternative computing models are getting more and more a reality. I wonder if there will be a time where you have a computer with multiple CO processors for home use to improve specific performances like the old day, Got a Photon and Quantom Co processor :D and a light processor acceleration board beside my traditional GPU and CPU

Don't you need an accurate clock in order to measure the resonance frequency of something?

@Darisiabgal7573

7 ай бұрын

So the angular momentum of orbitals can be calculated using quantum mechanics and atomic number and these predictions are based on planks constant which is accurate out to something like 20 digits. As long as the isotope is pure, otherwise you can get a faint secondary band. So what determines the accuracy in device testing is going to be the measuring device and variance. And so if you are counting something at very high frequency you can look at the variance of events per unit time. So lets say the wavelength is 1 angstrom, the frequency is c/l which is 300,000,000 * 1E10 or 3E18, if you can measure the number events in say a millionth of a second, uS, then you count 2,997,924,580,000 +/- V. If your variance, V, is small, say 1, then you can use statistics to calculate what the variance would be in a second. You can model this based on the binomial probability distribution, as the number of events increases the mode looks less like a wave and more like a kroniger delta function. If I remember correctly if you had a variance of 1 part in 3E12 then in a uS it would be one part in 3E15 variance in one second. In 11.574 days it would be one part in 3E18 variance, in 31687 years it would be one part in 3E21, and on finally one part in 3E24 in 31.6 billion years or about one part 1E25 in 300 billion years. So all we need to do is calculate the number of seconds in 300 billion years. 86400 x 365.25 x 3E11 = 9.468E18, which gives tells if we are using a 1 angstrom laser we might be accurate to microsecond in 300 billion years. This tells us that the variance is not one part per trillion range, but more like one part per million range. To visualize this process imagine we flip a coin 1 time we get head , expected 0.5, (rv 0.5) next 10 times 3 head, expected 5 (rv 0.2) next 100 times 60 heads, expected 50 (rv 0.1), next 1000 times 475 heads, expected 500 (rv 0.025) As we can see as we increase the sample size (e.g. statistical power) the relative variance drops even though the initial variance is quite high, 50%.