This is one of the best videos for CIE chemistry I have ever watched. Thank you

@AlleryChemistry

11 ай бұрын

You're very welcome!

Thank you so much 💫💥💫💥💥

king part 4

11:53 shouldnt it be more powerful "Nucleophile"?

is it only phenol for the coupling agent or any activated benzene ring?

@The_A_to_Z_Channel

2 ай бұрын

The coupling agent used in the synthesis of azo compounds is not limited to phenol; rather, any compound with an activated benzene ring can serve as a coupling agent. In the context of azo dye synthesis, the term "activated benzene ring" refers to a benzene ring that is activated towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Phenol is a commonly used coupling agent due to its ability to readily donate an electron pair from its oxygen atom, making it highly reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. This reactivity allows phenol to couple with diazonium salts, forming azo compounds. However, other compounds with activated benzene rings, such as aniline derivatives, naphthols, and aromatic amines, can also serve as coupling agents in azo dye synthesis. These compounds contain electron-donating substituents or functional groups that increase the electron density on the benzene ring, enhancing its reactivity towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. As a result, they can undergo coupling reactions with diazonium salts to form azo compounds, leading to a wide range of colorful dyes with diverse chemical and physical properties. In summary, while phenol is commonly used as a coupling agent in the synthesis of azo compounds, other compounds with activated benzene rings can also serve this role, providing versatility and flexibility in the design and synthesis of azo dyes. Hope this helps.

@lianelianell

2 ай бұрын

So anything that can donate electrons can be used in an edg

Why are the azo compounds coloured?? 😊

@The_A_to_Z_Channel

2 ай бұрын

Azo compounds are organic molecules characterized by the presence of one or more azo (-N=N-) functional groups, which consist of two nitrogen atoms double-bonded to each other. The coloration of azo compounds arises primarily from the presence of these azo groups and their ability to absorb specific wavelengths of light. The color of a compound is determined by the wavelengths of light that are absorbed by its molecular structure. Azo compounds typically exhibit vivid colors, ranging from yellow and orange to red, violet, and blue, depending on their molecular structure and the substituents attached to the azo group. The color of azo compounds is attributed to a phenomenon known as "conjugation." In conjugated systems, such as those found in azo compounds, electrons are delocalized over a series of adjacent double bonds and atoms. This delocalization of electrons results in the absorption of light in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum, leading to the characteristic coloration of the compound. The specific color exhibited by an azo compound depends on several factors, including the nature of the aromatic rings or other functional groups attached to the azo group, the degree of conjugation within the molecule, and the presence of electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents. For example, azo compounds containing electron-donating groups tend to exhibit bathochromic shifts, resulting in a shift towards longer wavelengths (red-shift) and the appearance of red or orange colors. Conversely, azo compounds with electron-withdrawing groups often display hypsochromic shifts, leading to a shift towards shorter wavelengths (blue-shift) and the manifestation of blue or violet colors. Overall, the colorful nature of azo compounds stems from the unique electronic structure conferred by the azo functional group and its interactions with adjacent molecular components. Hope this answer helps.

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