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Introduction:
After a feed, raising heifer calves is the second largest annual expense for dairy businesses, accounting for approximately 20% of production costs. Heifers produce no income until they reach first lactation and no profit until the second lactation. Heifers are the future of the dairy herd and deserve to have the best management, incorporating the latest research and management advice. In return, they will repay the investment through higher milk production and a
longer product life.
water:
Water accounts for 70-75% of a calf’s body weight.
Calves perform best when fresh drinking water is
available to them from birth.
Why is water important for calves?
Water is fundamentally important to rumen
development and the optimal growth of young calves.
• It is required to support the microbial population of
the rumen and promote good rumen development
and function.
Freshwater should be provided in addition to milk or
milk/ replacer.
• Providing water in addition to milk replacer
can increase growth by 38% and starter intake
by 31%
• Calves will drink 1 liter of water per day during the
the first week of life, increasing to nearly 3 liters by
3-4 weeks of age
• Providing warm water (16-18˚C) during cold
the weather may stimulate starter intake.
Milk/CMR:
Milk replacers can be priced differently depending on differences in ingredients, manufacturing technologies, and nutritional quality. Producers must understand
these differences and make informed decisions.
Advantages and disadvantages of
using milk replacer
Advantages
• Reduces risk of disease transfer (e.g. Johne’s
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disease and BVD)
• Consistency of product, when mixed correctly
- less risk of digestive upsets and scour
• Reduces risk of disease transfer (e.g. Johne’s
disease and BVD)
• Consistency of product, when mixed correctly
- less risk of digestive upsets and scours
Disadvantages
• Lower energy content than whole milk
• Products with plant-based proteins have lower
digestibility in calves under 3 weeks old.
Protein:
Protein is necessary for tissue growth. Protein sources
in milk, replacer can be milk-based (e.g. dried skimmed
milk, dried whey, delactosed whey, casein), egg-based
or plant-based (e.g. soya, wheat gluten, pea)
calf management
weaning calf
weaning calves
calf management in dairy
calf birth
calf feeding\calf nutrition
calf starter
rumen
water birth
calf management tips
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