Kyle - as a “recovering academic” (former computer science and business prof) I know that one of the hardest things to do when explaining a topic is to decide on an appropriate level of detail. Your videos are excellent - short enough to cover a single topic in enough detail to help the viewer but long enough to give a memorable example (like the hum in your long cable audio example). Keep up the good work.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Adrian! I’m still striving to find the right balance there - you’re exactly right.

@testest847

2 жыл бұрын

@@AudioUniversity mandatory "ba dum tss!"

@MyTubeSVp

2 жыл бұрын

Constructive comment. Nice !

@bobblum5973

2 жыл бұрын

I agree, Kyle's doing a good job hitting that "sweet spot". You don't want to bore the people who know some or all of it already, while making it interesting enough for those learning it for the first time. Hard to do that, but wonderful when you can.

@maryjeanespina7101

2 жыл бұрын

Mk

I'm a bit older than you! Ha! When l was a kid Balanced cables were able to go 600 feet or more. Unbalanced went 10 feet w/o losing the high frequencies. So 1/4" was for things like guitars and interconnects for audio equipment. The ballanced was for Mike's and long distant ballanced audio connections. If we got interference from RF we made a circular loop of cable to act as a choke. If we got hum the rule of thumb was to separate the audio cables from power lines 6-10 feet so no induction happened. And not to run parallel runs and if you had to cross you crossed your lines at 90 degree angles. But I'd say you did a good job of explaining it. 🙂

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

These are great tips, Lee! Thanks for sharing your experience with us!

@distortingjack

2 жыл бұрын

Unbalanced doesn’t need to lose high frequencies. The only reason why that happened on old gear is because the connection was poorly designed, for example on passive electric guitar pickups. The signal there is high impedance and reactive. A 20 m cable would sound shockingly dull compared to a 2m one. This is a design flaw that balancing wouldn’t fix. A low-impedance line-level unbalanced signal will not lose high frequencies any more than a balanced signal. It will, however, get very noisy over longer runs, which is why balancing is necessary. This is even worse for small signals such as those of microphones, which can often be over 100 times quieter.

@brendanoneil3489

2 жыл бұрын

@@distortingjack old fashioned curly lead acts as a choke inductor, loses some high frequencies: popular with strat and tetcasters to take the edge off like Jimi Hendrix

@GeirRssaak

26 күн бұрын

Do you want to stretch cables around your house?

Thanks for this, Kyle. This is the best breakdown and demonstration of balanced interconnects I've seen. Great sample audio, too.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Curtis!

@Mixingmachine774

2 жыл бұрын

Curtis I see you in everywhere.You're a versatile man !

@Cole-jb5ip

2 жыл бұрын

I used to work for Tara Labs building speaker cable. This was a great video on balanced versus unbalanced cable. Thanks Kyle. 😎

I just saw your presentation on balanced vs unbalanced. First, thanks for the reference to my work. Second, and the reason I'm writing, is to give you a big thumbs up!! You got it exactly right! In my nearly 30 years of teaching seminars on the subject of system noise, I'm always amazed by the number of technicians and engineers (even textbooks) who cling to the idea that signals on the balanced lines must be of equal level and opposing polarity - this is a provably wrong idea that just won't go away! Thanks for helping to dispel the myth!

@AudioUniversity

Жыл бұрын

Wow! It’s a huge honor to read this validating comment, especially considering that I fell victim to this myth not too long ago! I hope this is truly THE Bill Whitlock writing this comment! Thank you, if so.

@pirvirts

Жыл бұрын

@@AudioUniversity the topic of a balanced cable has not been fully disclosed, since there are balanced wires for headphones, there are also balanced audio DACs, they work on a different principle, to the topic of noiseless sound, I would touch on the optics pluses and minuses, as well as a modern Internet cable that modern DJ consoles use and digital sound amplifiers, this brings us to the topic of digital sound and sound processors, which also have a lot of types, for a car, for films, for pop acoustics, for microphone feedback protection, for phase correction and room correction and other useful things)

@jasoncary7957

10 ай бұрын

From one Ham to another, thank you, and 73. DE K6JSC

@BillWhitlock-oe4wr

10 ай бұрын

@@jasoncary7957 Thanks for your kind words!

@JerryRutten

10 ай бұрын

As most interference induces an emf voltage, why aren’t there audio interfaces based on current, with a high output impedance and a low input impedance? I understand that transatlantic analog cables work this way. Or are there caveats? Or is it that most (all?) sound sources/sensors are, just as the EMI sources, voltage sources with a low output impedance? Which would require active devices to transfer the voltage into current.

I have an electronics engineering degree and still found this informative and useful. The video representation of noise and signal were striking.

@JavonDGreen

Жыл бұрын

I second your statement. Spent 12 weeks in the communications chapters of my schooling and cancellation hasn’t been explained that clear the entire time I was in college. Even after I’ve been in the field the last 12 years and understand the concept completely, it was the clearest and to the point example I’ve seen.

@jazzochannel

Жыл бұрын

it only seems super clear because you already know what he's talking about. I for one don't exactly understand how the differential device operates. and why was it unbalanced on 1+2 and balanced on 2+3?!

@SolidusSnake5

Жыл бұрын

@@jazzochannel it’s balanced on 2 and 3 because you have a differential pair that connects to those two ports. Where as on the unbalanced you have a single line that drives the signal on port 2 and a ground on port 1. The differential signaling is what makes it balanced

@LowerYourExpectationsPleb

Жыл бұрын

i always see engineers being surprised by basic information... I work in IT and I just had to educate a computer scientist about first hop redundancy protocols... like wtf are you guys studying? your degree is worth nothing

@benjimenfranklin7650

Жыл бұрын

This is exactly why electronics engineers and all other engineers should spend 2 years in the field before they graduate.

As a music teacher, I must say you explain this much better than I could’ve ever done. I’m inspired! Great use of visual aids and a perfect amount of detail, depth and length of the video. I will definitely show this video to my students!

This might be one of the most clear, intuitive, and interesting explaination of something technical on KZread. I don't think I've learned so much in such a short video ever...

@bogart5131

2 жыл бұрын

I waited to hear somethin but nothing

@pirvirts

Жыл бұрын

тема не раскрыта, так как есть балансные провода для наушников, принцип действия немного иной

even though these are things i already understand, i still love watching these videos to hear it explained by others (not just this but everything i "think" i understand already LOL). Subbed!

Great overview. Just enough detail to answer most questions. I’d like to see you continue with options for converting between balanced & unbalanced, as well as mentioning active and passive methods.

Thank you so much for including an actual comparison between the two. I've been looking for someone that'll actually let us listen to the sound since I've been having this problem with my xlr cable. I'm getting the same buzzing sound. I think there's a problem with the cable since, sometimes, the buzzing will stop after I've moved the cable around just right, even though I didn't really do much moving. The information in the video is good to know when I go out to look for a new one. Thanks again.

@FrangellGaming

2 жыл бұрын

Hello. I don't know if you have fixed your problem completely, but just wanted to let you know that I had a similar issue and it turned out to be a router that I had near my XLR cables. The router's antennas were picking up radio signals and transferring them to the cable. Hope that helps in any way to you or anyone else reading this.

@anzetal9586

Жыл бұрын

@@FrangellGaming wouldn’t a balanced XLR cable reject the router noise as mentioned in the video?

@CelestialMelody

Жыл бұрын

This is for you or for anyone who is reading comments, as demonstrated in this video, balanced ones could cancel interference noise, but also a more expensive cable which has excellent shielding, like a $50 cable could shield your sound from such interference; if you have allot of devices, or devices close to your cable at any part of it, buy a more expensive xlr cable~ The difference in shielding between a $5-$40 is small, but $50 and above is huge, as an example~ I do recommend watching a video or reading on which cable does shielding the best~ If you put what this video is showing together with what I've said then you want an expensive Balanced XLR Cable to help you with this or such issues~ Hope this helps someone~

@user2C47

Жыл бұрын

@@CelestialMelody Cost isn't everything! I'd advise looking at the actual specifications instead, as there are many expensive products that are vastly inferior to cheaper alternatives.

@Hamachingo

Жыл бұрын

@@anzetal9586the geometry doesn't work out perfectly if the router antenna is almost touching the audio cable or the cable is right against a very radio-reflective surface (concrete wall or floor). Often times buzzing noises is from power supplies, the big old magnet with lots of wire wound around it is beaming out EM waves and the electrical wiring in the power outlet like to pick that up and ruin the proper ground for the rest of the house. Putting wall-wart adapters on little extension strips usually helps, so does rotating the freezer just a little bit until the speakers stop popping every time the freezer compressor switches on.

Kyle I love your videos, you break things down and make them understandable. Probably learned more about bal vs unbal cables in your short video than I have in 30 years. Great explanatory graphics as well. keep up the great work.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Frank!

Thanks for your vid man! Cleared up some misconceptions I had. And pushed me to order some new cables. Nicely done.

Love your videos! I'm no engineer or electrical expert, which makes me very grateful you break complex concepts down into simple examples. Thanks!

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Glad to hear that, @American Made! I appreciate you taking the time to watch and comment!

When I started in audio, I was in school to become an electromechanical technician. Learning the use of Op Amps in analog servomechanisms, turns out to be VERY useful in professional audio. They are exactly the same! You start with the input transducer (mic), which gets amplified (pre-amp), then filtered to stop any hunting (EQ), then summed with other error signals (mixing), then to the power amplifier, and then to the servo motor (speaker). While most industrial operations can use basic op amps like the 741, the TLO82 is also verry common. The TLO82 is used almost universally in professional audio due to it's very low noise. It's found in all pre-amps, filters, summing amps, and VCAs. The TLO84 is a dual or quad version of the TLO82, but has higher noise due to having multiple amps in one package. That's why high-end boards like the Cadac were so freaking heavy, but almost dead quiet! And you could fix them on the fly, unlike digital.

@nolondon

2 жыл бұрын

I believe you are thinking of the TL072. While you do occasionally see an 82/84, the 72/74 is far more common. That being said, they are only common for the low price, performance isn't amazing unless you need a high input Z. Otherwise, an NE5532/4 will typically preform much better for a little bit extra cost(but not much!)

@dutchdykefinger

2 жыл бұрын

the fun thing about op amps is, the power supply to them comes in 2 flavors too, either balanced/dual (vcc+ and vcc- are both required), or unbalanced (just vcc+) since DC cannot pass into the negative without having an actual supply that provides negative voltage, on the unbalanced opamps, their zero DC offset point is shifted to half the input voltage instead. you'll have to create half the voltage by making a little 2-equal-resistor short circuit and add that voltage to the input signal in order to dc bias it properly prior to sending it to the unbalanced opamp that will be used as preamp. otherwise all of the negative phase of signal on the AC input side will be negated, it can not go or see under 0, so they'll end up multiplying by zero, which is nothing, so they have to be that way you basically divide your maximum amplitude by 2 compared to the balanced ones that have their zero point at exactly 0 volts, this perfectly illustrates why balanced outputs are 6db hotter, they have exactly twice the amplitude headroom/double the voltage range and obviously it's a bit less clean since you're just recycling the same vcc+ signal, rather than have a clean seperate negative signal coming from the supply, you'll notice if the supply is dodgy, amplifiers are really only as good as their power supply. this is how many guitar stompboxes on 9v blocks work, but they don't have noise issues with dirty power supplies as they run off their own batteries, they're seperated from the grid the resistors on the AC input side will keep the signal from flowing back into the instrument as the path of least resistance is to the opamp input, and ofcourse the DC portion on the output signal has to be filtered out with a condenser/capacitor on the end of the output side, so it only lets the AC signal through too.

Wow man, been doing sound for years, since I've subscribed to your channel I've learned so much that can help me. Thank you for this. You're well appreciated

I like how calming you are when explaining it. I appreciate that you made it a lot simpler to follow.

@AudioUniversity

Жыл бұрын

Glad it was helpful!

Excellent tutorial. More clearer than some professionals. Next time I'm asked about this I'll send them your way. Something I didn't see in the comments is when using active balance equipment which is more predominant today, should one signal wire become intermittent you may notice the audio level might still be present but may vary by about 6 db. Because normally an active balanced arrangement produces about 6 db more signal than an unbalanced arrangement. If anyone experiences this, check your connections.

Excellent job of explaining the topic. Most often the input device that the balanced signal is connected to is an operational amplifier which as you stated, amplifies the difference between the signals on the cables thus providing common mode rejection.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for sharing this extra information, Fred!

This is really well done and presented. You even admitted your technical shortcomings but put in the effort to educate yourself and presented your findings to us, the viewers. Great effort all around.

Great explanation. Concise, just enough info without overloading viewers, brief, and great production value! Thank you!

Very good video. Balanced cabling is really all about removing noise when operating in electrically noisy environments. Unfortunately way too many in the audio community equate "more expensive" with "higher sound quality", which is not the case with balanced cabling at all, unless you have a noisy environment.

@tinytownsoftware3837

Жыл бұрын

Well, audiophiles think that expensive ethernet cables make a difference in audio quality, so I'm not entirely surprised that they think that balanced cabling magically gives you better audio quality.

@jakal1591

Жыл бұрын

noisy and probably over a long cable.. I wonder, being a "phile" of something, will you ever enjoy the content rather than looking out for issues!

@GeirRssaak

4 ай бұрын

Very good point! To exploit an xlr cable the source and the receiving gadget must be constructed balanced! P.s why do the hifi fanatics not use gold, which is the best leader!?

@StormbreakerYT

4 ай бұрын

@@GeirRssaakthey do . Gold plated connectors exists

@GeirRssaak

3 ай бұрын

@@StormbreakerYT what do you think goldplated means?what about purer gold or silver!?

Better than most of the explanations I've heard and seen. A little history: balanced lines are nothing new to audio. They are just new to consumer audio. Balanced signal lines, microphone and line level, have been used by broadcasters and in motion picture production since the 1930's. And it is for exactly the benefit you describe: noise cancelling. In pre-1970's or so, microphones and input circuits used small transformers to attain the balanced connection (and make changes to the impedance). Since then, audio transformers have become unfashionable because of their bits of distortion they introduce. You can conjecture that you must have purity -- even if you're recording Britney or heavy metal, eh? In consumer audio, one good purpose of balanced is to reduce noise in long signal cables that run from preamps to powered speakers. And, they're cheap -- you can use XLR microphone extension cables.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for sharing this additional info, Jim!

@TomCee53

2 жыл бұрын

Telephone lines are balanced and run a lot farther and we’re used way before that.

Just found your channel; well done 👏 Clear, speech and not too much time looking at your face when ideas are presented.

I love this dudes knowledge and it’s the way he puts it together makes it easy to understand. Great job bro

I haven't dealt with situations that required balanced inputs but, I've always been curious about it; now I understand, thanks.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Glad to hear the video is helpful! Thanks for watching, Jake!

Off topic some, I greatly appreciated the straight presentation style. A nice speaking voice, excellent articulation with incisive content. It did the job efficiently. So many instructional KZread videos with speakers using “awesome” colloquialisms while bopping endlessly around is offensive even while it has become the norm. Frankly, I was astonished by the presentation style and now I know a little bit more about balanced and unbalanced cables! Thanks!

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Dan! I’m glad to read this!

@chuckintexas

2 жыл бұрын

I noticed these presentation-related items too. HONESTLY they contributed _greatly_ to my deciding to stay with the presentation, once I "checked in" . Dan- Thanks for mentioning these things. To AU- please heed these things mentioned here. These are VERY important to making an effective presentation, and are often overlooked by other Y-T Presenters not aware that they can have a real effect on the receptiveness of the intended audience to the material being shared. And AU & Dan- THANKS to both of you ! - C.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thank you, Chuck and Dan.

@erakattack

2 жыл бұрын

I was cringing as I awaited the "remember to like and subscribe and check out our patreon etc etc" cliche KZread segment. I was pleasantly surprised when it never came. Just a quick tag at the end. Well done.

By the way, I have met some sort of recordings that has seems-to-be-cancelled-out audio that sounds intact only on headphones, like this video, kzread.info/dash/bejne/ampmzsGFfcK1fbw.html Have this involved an error like mistaking a balanced mic cable as a Stereo link?

50 seconds. That's how long it took me to subscribe. Love your style of presentation. Kudos!

When I purchased an amp-preamp combo with balanced connectors I went balanced, and the difference was real, I also use balanced on my phono stage hookup to my pre-amp, since that is inherently balanced . The way to go, really

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Sounds like you’ve got a really great system, @Music man! Thanks for sharing! Also, thanks for watching.

Love how you don't have an annoying, repetitive, and completely useless self-serving channel into clip - you get right to the subject!!! Well done!!!

A brilliant teacher with simple but extremely effective techniques. Superb, one listen and the topic is crystal clear.

Working on a siren for a police vehicle that gives me a humming sound in tempo with the flashin lights of the vehicle. I managed to isolate the problem as most likely being the lightbar inducing some power on it's data line to the light and siren controller and then being output over the speaker. Your info here helps tremendously, as i believe i understand more about my problem. Thank you and keep up the good work!

A pretty good effort at a complex subject. A couple of points - (i) The impedance of the line will be mainly determined by the input impedance of the “receiver” not the resistance of the wires. (ii) Probably the main point about balanced connections is they guarantee a phenomenon called ground loops is avoided in which very large currents flow through a circuit formed by the shield and the ground connection, which in turn generate noise voltages if the signal is also carried by the shield. Your illustration generates a lot of noise because it creates a ground loop. In fact unbalanced connections will usually do better than this test suggests because they are designed to have only a single ground connection and hence break the ground loop.

@totalplonker824

Жыл бұрын

I think I was experiencing this so called ground loop and it was only after I routed my subwoofer power cables to the same socket as my audio equipment that the noise finally been eliminated!

Good explanation. This is the same technique used in unshielded twisted pair Ethernet cable.

Man, thanks to your video, I now understand why cables are sometimes twisted, I was taught it was to cancel out interference, but never how it worked, thanks for making it clear!

Thanks Kyle. I have recorded for years and love distortion and heard all sorts of crazy interference over the years. I am trying to learn to soldering and am trying to learn about this, so your video was very helpful! I still have much to learn, but this was an amazing first step in my understanding! I'm going to thumbs up and subscribe to support your channel!

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Jolox!

Good work, thx man. You're the first one mentioned the fact, that balanced cable's not necessary should have two signals on + and - in antiphase

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Timur!

All of your videos are amazing! I am an electrical engineer and I found this video very helpful! I love thinking about how all the music we enjoy may not be possible if it were not for the magic of physics and the engineers who have worked hard to develop technologies that we can use to record, perform, and broadcast clean sounding audio signals.

@AudioUniversity

Жыл бұрын

Well said, Josiah! Thanks for watching and sharing your appreciation for the tech behind the art!

Thanks for this! Really clear explanation of difference between balanced/unbalanced.

I thought I'd learn nothing new watching this video but clicked it anyway and: I always got the definition of balanced audio wrong, thank you! I was taught that you need a phase inverted signal to establish a balanced connection and to me it didn't make that much sense. But since you mentioned the differential amp it finally clicked. Thank you! :)

MAN, thank you for this! I'm ashamed to admit how long I've been a musician who just couldn't make heads or tails of what "balanced vs unbalanced" means, and I FINALLY get it. Thank you thank you thank you.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

I'm very happy to read this, Matthew! You're not alone. I struggled with this concept for a long time, too.

@matthewsouthworth3848

2 жыл бұрын

@@AudioUniversity I've got a bunch of little empty spaces in my engineering/electrical audio knowledge, so I'm glad to have found you!

I'll save everyone time. They don't sound "better". Balanced cables remove noise from the signal. The vast majority of consumers don't have noise in their signal.

@brownj2

2 жыл бұрын

Correct.

@BartoszRybacki0

2 жыл бұрын

You have some small noise in signal. But most of the time you don't hear it. But If you have more noise, when you have more cables running together - power cables, audio cables and so on - then balanced is the best thing since sliced bread ;) That's why all computer network cables are always balanced. They are Balanced Twisted Pairs. Remove the balance, and from 1Gig network you will only get 10Mbsp (or lower), due to noise.

@Wordsalad69420

Жыл бұрын

@@benjimenfranklin7650 No. Most cables are shielded. There is a processing part to balanced signals on the receiving side. Balanced cables use two signal wires; both carry a copy of the signal, but the two copies are sent with their polarity reversed. If you sum two signals that are identical but are reversed in polarity, the signals cancel out, leaving you with silence. So it's a nice signal processing trick to eliminate the noise.

@benjimenfranklin7650

Жыл бұрын

@@Wordsalad69420 Shielded cables are more expensive and unwieldy than unshielded cables but offer increased protection against electromagnetic interference (EMI) that can slow down or disable electrical systems. Unshielded cables are easier to install and maintain but are not protected from EMI.

@spekovnik

Жыл бұрын

Thanks for saving my time

real important things explained in full detail and calm.... very well done and please we love to see more because even if we know how these works always we want to here someone telling them as we will be very happy !

This is SO interesting! Thanks for posting! Extremely well explained.

A very good video! We seems to be a lot of engineers here, and I'm one of them 😉 About the shield: Never let it come into the reciever or any other electronic device because it is only filled with "noise" and should be attached on the outside of the reciever and then we have clean signals. Compare with Faraday's cage. An easy way to proof it is to use a cage (can be built with net that normally are used to make a fence for hen's) Put a battery radio in it, but no antenna sticking out. Then we need to use something that can disturb it, an electrical razor is often good, but try it first before using the cage to find what frequency it is disturbing. Put the radio in, and the sound is gone, but if the thinnest wire is put in you will hear the noise, the same if the antenna is sticking out. I have helped some large companies with their problems, as in Volvo where they have lots of robots that are welding, that easily can make the electronic equipment to burn if the power cables are near but not if it is built on the correct way. Sometimes it can be hard to know what is causing it, because the disturbing can be long away where the power often comes to the most machines. The short way is to use fiber that always will provide a stable signal. Many electronics around the machines are using it now. English is not my native language, but I hope that you can understand it. Cheers from Sweden🇸🇪

What you're describing is called "phase cancelation" that is what I got from your quoted info. This is more about electromagnetic frequencies and their vibrational relationships and less about electronics/electricity or wires. You can experiment with this by taking two speakers and and playing the same hz through both but flip the polarity of one and you will hear a significant drop in SPL. This is also used industrially to calculate and dampen vibrations in exhaust systems or large assemblies,or bridges, by calculating the resonant frequency. Same way you would measure a room and wavelengths to know where to put your baffles or bass traps for acoustical treatment. By being balanced, any electrical noise would be "in phase" and thus like you said, induces noise cancelling because the waves traveling through the wire physically cancel each other out at their end. Good video!

Excellent video. This summed up in six minutes what took at least a couple days from an instructor when I was studying this in college. I really appreciate the chapters as well.

I have a BSEE from Clemson and home music studio. You did a really nice job explaining this topic.

This is one of the most succinct explanations I've ever seen on this topic. Excellent work!

Nice video! Although, I think the explanation of impedance is incorrect. It is true that wire gauge affects the resistance of a conductor-double the cross-section area -> half the overall resistance, double the conductor length -> double the overall resistance. But this is usually only relevant for power cables which will heat up under heavy load, not low-current signal cables. The word "impedance" isn't usually used in this context. Bill Whitlock actually says in the quote that the impedance in question is from the balanced circuit "to ground and to all other conductors". Not the resistance from driver to receiver, along the cable's length, but from signal to ground, straight through the cable's insulator to the shield. Or, more likely, through the output/input impedances of the driver/receiver, respectively. Still, good explanation of the concepts, and nice job with the audio sample at the end.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Lorenzo. I hadn’t thought of it that way. I appreciate you taking the time to share this info.

@LorenzoCastoldi

2 жыл бұрын

@Google user Fair enough!

@marianneoelund2940

2 жыл бұрын

High-quality noise rejection does require that the impedances of the two lines are well matched. In the case of a long cable, for example, where the two conductors were mismatched by 1 ohm in their end-to-end resistance, the noise rejection would be limited to 40dB at best, assuming a typical 100 ohm driver impedance and a noise source near the receiver end.

Kyle, I like your description, but not so much your example.... But I can't think of a better one right now. I have been doing audio video design and installations all of my life, and I am looking forward to watching your videos. Everyone can always learn more.

The best explanation of this that I’ve come across. You’ve got yourself a new sub! Keep up the great work!

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Chris! I’m glad you liked it!

Best explanation ever! So easy to understand.

@h0rze423

2 жыл бұрын

You must me a genius then or have much experience in the topic. I am mega dumb and am very confused now

Great update! I remember commenting on your first balanced audio video, getting nit-picky about some of the finer points of balanced audio. You've covered them fantastically in this video.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for helping me refine my understanding of the subject, @satoriusrock! That was very helpful.

Excellent explanation! So clearly explained in the simplest terms, no noise added (no pun intended)!

I've always understood the broad strokes of the theory, but this visualisation really helped. Thankyou

It's very pleasing how little backround noise there is in this video listening with my Fiio fh7 earphones usually videos are very static sounding

You know how to keep things short. Best channel on the topic by far!

@Cole-jb5ip

2 жыл бұрын

I agree. Short and to the point.

Just to let you know that I appreciate high quality sound system. Since I (electrical engineer) have none experience with sound systems you hooked me up and I subscribed within first 25sec of the video. Happy to join this educational train! Cheers!

@AudioUniversity

Жыл бұрын

Thanks, Marin!

Really nice work! Congratulations!

*very eye opening this knowledge you're imparting 🤔*

I would imagine that this would be far more important in a studio or stage where noise is introduced prior to a pre-amp and amp then exaggerated 5 times. In situations where several cables and power cable over long runs would cause these issues. In a home, I wouldnt think balanced connections would matter as much. Is that fair to say?

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

In homes, the cable runs are usually quite short - 15’ or so. Unless you’ll be running line level signals over a longer distance, unbalanced connections are far less important.

@petterrong1590

2 жыл бұрын

True, but if you notice noise with unbalanced connections, chances are high they disappear when using balanced connections

@AT-wl9yq

2 жыл бұрын

It depends. In a home system, balancing is primarily done for sound quality benefits, where on the pro side, its done for more practical reasons like noise and cable length. The most important thing to keep in mind is there's more than one way to implement balancing in an audio circuit. Balancing on equipment like we're dealing with here is balanced from connection to connection. What that means is a component generates a single ended signal and sends it to the output. The signal at output is then converted to balanced. When the balanced signal reaches the downstream component, it gets converted back to single ended. This isn't the best way to do it, but it does provide real benefits. On most high end home gear, its done differently. The best way to do balancing is to make the component itself balanced, and not convert the signal at all. But Its very expensive. You need to double up on all the components in the signal path. The easiest way to visualize it, is you need to provide a path for the extra signal conductor that a balanced circuit requires. When the whole system is fully balanced, that's when you start to notice a difference in sound quality. The reason fully balanced components are rare in the pro audio world, is the cost can be extremely high. On a home system, you have 2 channels going through a few components. Balancing something like a studio mixer that can have over 4o or 50 channels, makes it too expensive to be practical. Please keep in mind that this post is just to give a basic explanation. This topic can get more technical, but it would be too long to put it all in a post. But the overall concept is correct.

@clickbaitpro

2 жыл бұрын

Well depends upon which devices you have near the cable

@FingerinUrDaughter

Жыл бұрын

in home recording, you absolutely want a balanced load whenever possible. your entire circuit breaker is nothing but pure noise.

when somebody can easily explain difficult topic at layman level / terms, that's people are perceptive great gurus. kudos!

You have very good diction, you dont mumble, stumble or repeat yourself. Clean, impressive delivery.

0:41 So cool, though, how Ben Burtt used something like this phenomenon in part to create the famous lightsaber sound!

Very clear and informative video now i understand the difference between the two cables.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Glad to hear that, Chi Sena! Thanks for watching!

this is such an excellent video, well thought through, well written and well delivered, really great stuff!!!

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks, @Only A Northern Cyclist!

Very helpful indeed, cleared up some uncertainties. thanks

Love this channel. Great presentation, content and pace of delivery. One KZread algorithm they got right. Subscribed.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Sam!

You will find many applications of balanced cable use in automotive applications not actually related to the ICE where numerous sensors require a balanced input into its respective controller. ABS breaking systems have been using twisted pairs since their inception as a vehicle generates both AC and supplies DC to various controllers . A vehicle wiring loom is a great source of quality cable for building audio circuits as you will find all the various types you need for your tube amp or other audio project, from twisted pairs to multcore twisted pair shielded to single core hook up wire in high current thin wall insulation in a variety of guages , plus high temperature ptfe coated and silicon reinforced protective tubing . The elimination of cross talk between vehicle systems is more important than static audio use ( could you imagine your ABS sensors picking up signal from your alternator for example ?) so quality cabling is used throughout a vehicle. Sadly the demise of the boot mounted CD changer has removed one source of highly useful audio cable with both twisted pair balanced and unbalanced shielded cable all in one reasonably small diameter cable able to take a supply voltage as well as carry clean signals. You may have noticed that theses PCMs or ECUS as some still call them have multiple ground wires emanating from them , one or 2 may be simply for the power supply itself the remainder are isolated grounds from the differential device installed in the controller as a motor vehicle is isolated from a true ground by its tyres and must operate on a ground plane system . The next step up in wiring systems is the aerospace industry of course .

Great video man! I recently turned off all of the LED strip light around my desk as it was causing interference with my cables plugged into the interface on my desk. It’s subtle, but I was always wondering why I was get a weird distortion in my vocal takes, and it was because of this. Even though I was using XLR cables. They may be balanced, but making sure that you have the least amount of electrical interference when recording is so important. Great video man and very well explained!

Thanks for tackling this subject. Now I know to purchase balanced cables on simple things like connecting JBL speakers with a balanced 1/4 jack.

Now you should do a video on how phantom powering works over a balanced line and you'll really blow their minds !

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Great idea, James! Thanks!

Another very informative video. The graphics really help explain. How do you create those graphics?

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Supplemental Seminary! I use Adobe Illustrator.

Short, concise and straight to the point. Very good video, thanks! edit: and timestamps! :)

Thank you for such informational videos, you are really helping me out clearing up questions I’ve had since I got started with music, I admire you.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for writing this, Kevin. I’m glad to help!

As a side note, the concepts for balanced and unbalanced signals apply to many other things in electronics beyond audio cabling. Television and radio antenna cables would use round shielded unbalanced coaxial cables (75-ohm for TV/FM, 50-ohm for CB radio, for example) or flat 300-ohm balanced twinlead. A little transformer would be used to convert TV/FM between BALanced and UNbalanced cables, or known as a BALUN for short. Most Ethernet cables these days use balanced twisted-pair cables with different specification categories (CAT3, CAT5, CAT5E, CAT6) but originally it used coax. Now all kinds of media in our homes uses unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling for networking, video, you name it. The same basic principles for balanced and unbalanced cables still apply.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for sharing this extra info, Bob!

@bobblum5973

2 жыл бұрын

@@AudioUniversity You're certainly welcome! Basic understanding of things like this acts as building blocks for understanding other more complex things. If you can grasp the details of whichever parts you do know, there are fewer new things to worry about.

Kyle, it would be helpful to explain the inverting and non-inverting inputs of a differential device. By using the example of the same noise on both signals, one can easily see how noise is canceled.

@bwithrow011

2 жыл бұрын

@@GladeSwope The signal is + and - at a balanced output. When the signal arrives at a differential input: the + input is non inverting, the - input is inverting thereby canceling any noise on the balanced line

Thanks for this. I knew what the outcome of balanced cables provided, but thanks to you, I now know why!

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Glad I could help! Thanks for watching, Mark!

Very informative. I had just bought a pair of Adam Audio T7V...unsure I ordered both balanced and unbalanced cables..ty very much for your videos...I'm a certified audio engineer too lol🙄🙄 and I am very grateful for the knowledge you share. Gunalcheesh (ty) from Alaska 🥶

As for the hum/noise that is being picked-up along the way (between the "driver" and the "receiver") if the shielding is properly made, the difference is negligible in real life (few yards of interconnect cables, say between the preamp and the power amp in a typical home audio system. And the systems themselves are generally made "by design" in an "unbalanced mode" (so to speak): the connection between standard guitar (any Gibson or Fender out there...) and it's amp (6.3 millimeters "banana" port on both ends), devices like analog turntable/CD/DVD player and a home hi-fi p amp (chinch ports on both ends), typical computer sound card and the amp (3.5 millimeter "banana" ports/connectors on both ends) etc. etc.

That makes sense, thank you for the clear explanation.

When I purchased an amp-preamp combo with balanced connectors I went balanced, and the difference was real, I also use balanced on my phono stage hookup to my pre-amp

I tried an XLR cable splitter on Rode NT1 and NT-2a and I have the feeling that this mic output unbalanced signal. On toher mic (ntg-2, lewitt etc) it works as adviced (i can hear sound on both split channels), but not on the Nt1 and Nt2-a. I dont know if you have this mac bu I would be very interested by having your point of view on it (have you seen xlr mic with unbalance output ?)

Thanks Kyle, just an interesting question, is there balanced TS cables? In that case it runs the positive and negative signals without the shield?

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

There are TS speaker cables. Both conductors have equal impedance. However, it’s not the cable that is balanced. It’s a combination of one device’s output, the cable, and the other device’s input

@tlthomas77

2 жыл бұрын

Yes. It’s called UTP. It’s used for network cabling.

@TomCee53

2 жыл бұрын

@@AudioUniversity in fact, you could say that a bridged amplifier has a balanced speaker output, and is unshielded.

@alexjenner1108

2 жыл бұрын

The traditional analog telephone system has been using unshielded twisted pair cables for more than 100 years.

Thanks. That’s really interesting. So if I have the option to use either balanced or unbalanced I should opt for balanced at the same price point, say 60 pound for 2x3m?

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

For cable runs beyond 15’, I would always recommend balanced connections. For anything under that, it depends on the noise environment, but it probably won’t make much of a difference.

Great video, this really makes it easy to understand the difference and how it works.

hi, one quick question… if i don’t have balanced input on my monitors (only 1/8 stereo input) and my audio interface requires 1/4 TRS, my only choice is (AFAIK) is the cable that splits from 1/8 stereo plug from speakers to two 1/4 TRS on my interface. So this would still be unbalanced. Right?

Could using a balanced cable for a bass guitar (one 1/4” going from guitar to DI, one going from DI to amp, and one XLR from DI output to snake) to rid some unwanted buzz?

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

It might help with the buzz in the DI signal, but I don’t believe it will affect the signal to the amplifier.

@kennethfraire8152

2 жыл бұрын

@@AudioUniversity thanks for the response! I appreciate it!

@SkippiiKai

2 жыл бұрын

Bass (and guitar) amps don't have differential inputs, so they won't cancel the noise. Pickups on basses are wired so their coils and magnets are out of phase so it already cancels out the hum getting picked up (flipping the magnets is what puts the wanted signal back into phase so it isn't canceled out.) I think some boutique basses do come with balanced outputs, but it's very rare. Also, the jacks on basses use TRS jacks that so that they can disconnect the battery when you unplug them. If you were to add a balanced output, you'd need to have a separate on/off switch for the battery because the reversed phase would take the part of the jack used to turn on the battery.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for sharing this information, @Skippii Kai Tollkuhn!

So would an HDMI cable be considered balanced?

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

I’m not sure if HDMI cables use balanced pairs or not. That’s a great question!

Wow! That was explained so well. I hope his other vids explain things as well. subscribed and glad I found.

@AudioUniversity

Жыл бұрын

Welcome aboard!

This is an excellent video ! Thanks. I would add two things : 1 compatibility, balanced connection enable to pass from unbalanced to balanced, with benefit RFI rejection of the balanced connection from an unbalanced source to a balanced receiver. 2- BUT the signal level will be halved, or talk about the optimal 4 volts level obtained between balanced devices. When top notch SNR is needed : the differential works up to a point, but signal strength helps with the rest. If a balanced signal is very weak you sit can pickup noise and hum and various RFI that are located in domains unreachable for the difference between the 2 wires. Probably not in the audio domain, but in other areas like science, radio, etc.

Good explanation. Due to the non availability of XLR connection, we sometime use XLR to TS cables ( mainly to speaker), in such case do we treat them as balanced or unbalanced cable? And if it unbalanced then how to we change it to XLR TO XLR....

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

It is not so much dependent on the type of cable or connector that is used. It is more so dependent on the type of output and input on the interfacing devices. If you need to convert an unbalanced signal to balanced, you can use a DI box.

@shaikhfh1

2 жыл бұрын

@@AudioUniversity Thanks Kyle. My interface device output is TS and speaker takes TS, so in this case if it was XLR output in interface device and speaker with XLR, will this improve the sound quality or will it reduce the noise appearing due to other electrical devices placed in the vicinity of cable route?

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

If the outputs of your interface are TS, there would be no advantage to using a TS to XLR adapter or a TS instrument cable. However, it’s likely that your interface has TRS outputs. In this case, you could make a balanced connection with a TRS to XLR adapter. You might find this video helpful: kzread.info/dash/bejne/n2ic25hslqjNcZM.html

Well done Kyle , a superb video , so well explained and more importantly , proven as to what cables can do. Keep them coming , it really helps.

@AudioUniversity

2 жыл бұрын

Thanks, Anthony! I’m glad you’re enjoying the videos!

If i need a short cable for the aux out from the mixer, which is mono, to the audio interface is better balanced or unbalanced? It will be a JACK from aux side and xlr in the usb interface (capturing mic audio for zoom meeting)

I've done audio and video for 30 years, and I still learned something from this. It's one of those things where you know it works, but you don't know why. Until now!

Perfectly explained. There reason for twsited pair inside the balanced connection is to minimize the pick-up in the calble itself, because the field will have a positieve and negative impact on the signal. After the signal is received, an opamp gain stage (that is a differential amplifier) will cancel out (also calles CMRR, common mode rejection ratio) and it will almost not amplify the common mode signal. Often it supresses in range of 120-140dB

Excellent explanation of balanced vs. unbalanced signals! I didn't know this until recently, but I was always told "XLR" stood for "Ground, left, right." Which is totally made up haha. When you understand the history, and the electrical engineering behind a balanced cable, it's obvious that XLR's are not stereo cables and never were. XLR stands for "X-type, Latch, Rubber."

Cool I stumbled into your post whilst shopping gear for my neighbor.. I work with audio from a PC workstation and he plays guitars .. has an amp and laptop and home audio legacy RCA and SPDIF or 1/4" ? I had an understandlng of Maxwell Forces and Transformations. I found you and totally liked and subscribed like from the git. Well I felt that you helped me to convey what I needed to share with him so there is no barrier! So awesome . Mahalo 😄 and Bravo! Much love and Aloha bro you do good work !😉

Thanks. I was really confused when you said the wires must occupy the same space, I was like how is that even possible.. but yeh that does make sense considering sound is a wave so that formation would actually be equal in average position. Clever