It's just a computer repair, not rocket surgery.... Oh wait...

@topsecret1837

2 жыл бұрын

Technically both.

It's so much fun watching trained engineers dealing with a fault. Very methodical, very precise. It's unfortunate that the construction of the module precludes repair, but it's fascinating seeing you peel back the layers and investigate the issue. Sort of like C.S.I. but with less blood! :-) Looking forward to the next one.

I commend you for even attempting to fix the memory module at all. When I realised it was potted I thought any repair would be impossible, I can't believe you managed to find another memory module to test and confirm the fault! I think the work you are doing with the AGC is incredible and I'm learning a lot more about the nuts and bolts of how a computer really works than I ever expected. Thanks for taking us all along for the ride.

@RingingResonance

5 жыл бұрын

Heres a thought. You know which bit is bad and where. Instead of repairing it just find some similar core memory and connect it to your existing module in such a way to make them work together like masked memory.

@nzoomed

5 жыл бұрын

Is there any solvents i wonder that could be used to dissolve away the potting?

@antronargaiv3283

5 жыл бұрын

Yes, but it will probably eat the insulation off the magnet wire as well.

Love this series, Although I can't 100% follow all the technical things 80% is enough with the clear explanations.

I am always incredibly impressed by your videos Marc. Also I would like to point out how brilliant your speaking manner is in the narration. I really hope your passion for making this kind of content for us all never fades.

@slashdevslashzero

5 жыл бұрын

Seconded. Love the thought process and theory of operation narration. Makes a much more engaging video. Really allows you to compare how you yourself would approach the problem and compare.

The museum should have let you simply swap modules, even if not permanently but at least until you got your AGC working. I'm pretty sure the museum doesn't plan on using their AGC for anything other than display purposes.

Has anyone considered making the memory. This stuff was originally hand made. With the benefit of 3D printing to make assembly jigs and perhaps some bits from you sponsor it's entirely possible to just make a new block of memory.. This is something a person with good eyes and a steady hand can do. You may even be able to find some good core memory from a different system that can be re-mounted for use in the AGC. Although it may be hard to find someone willing to let you cut up their old IBM core memory cards.

Thank you for showing all the process and not just final result, this is really of huge interest !

6:47am in the morning here and a new video about the AGC. There is nothing better to start the day. :)

I love those old scopes where "plugins" literally ARE "plug-in".

@eloyex

5 жыл бұрын

Ohhh my Goshh .. I love those big tektronix !!! What a battle tank are those !!

@CuriousMarc

5 жыл бұрын

And they have buttons! Not nested menus. It's at the same place every time, and actually does what's written on it ;-)

A channel that truly shows the complexity of computer science. This is just art made out of science.

The industrial design of the AGC, and especially of the modules in their slots, is so beautiful. It's almost difficult to believe that this was a product for industrial use, intended for a tiny number of users and never meant to be offered commercially at all.

This was truly amazing ... the fragility and complexity of core rope memory makes me wonder how it ever worked in the first place.

I wish they'd let you borrow the working module in exchange for your broken one - it's not like it matters if it works or not on display in a museum...

@321CatboxWA

5 жыл бұрын

No kidding , must have a real ass in charge there.

@aserta

4 жыл бұрын

That'd be impossible as far as a historical value is concerned. Kinda like asking The Louvre to give a flake off The Gioconda in exchange for another off the Lady with an Ermine. Neither collection would agree.

Come on, give them the module... at least for a while to run the AGC ... you can put the broken one at display, who cares...And why is there a classic Mercedes in the computer museum ?

@compu85

5 жыл бұрын

I was wondering the same thing... first car with modern ABS perhaps?

@nzoomed

5 жыл бұрын

I agree, you would think they would be interested to see it work lol

@MontegaB

5 жыл бұрын

Agreed. It's a waste having a working module sitting on that display

@NoahFect

5 жыл бұрын

Exactly. Come on, CHM, do the obvious right thing here.

@CuriousMarc

5 жыл бұрын

compu85 Bingo!

Another awesome video! Thanks for doing all of this. I don't know what your plans are. I would guess that one plan would be to make something from modern stuff that emulated this memory, which would be okay, but I'd really, really, like to give you the encouragement to attempt to build a duplicate of this memory somehow. With modern CNC machining (and connections to Samtec), it seems to me like the task of weaving a new core stack would be time consuming and meticulous, but I bet you that 1000 people would volunteer to weave the cores by hand. I think you could probably make some jigs to aid the process and get it done. Whatever you decide to do, thanks again for all the work. I love this series!

If you even think about it, it’s a miracle the thing got off the ground with that technology not to mention flying to and landing on the moon! Absolutely amazing!

@adamsnook9542

5 жыл бұрын

I know they talk about it a bit in the video, but look at all those tiny wires then think about them under 3g of load and vibrating all over the place. It's amazing that the engineers managed to make something so flimsy be able to survive such harsh conditions.

@MichaelAStanhope

5 жыл бұрын

And if you watch Marc’s other videos about the IBM 1401 he says they have issues sometimes keeping that running for periods of time and realizing the AGC basically uses the same tech in a smaller footprint it really makes you realize more what an engineering feat this thing really is!

@bobl78

5 жыл бұрын

maybe also a reason that program was terminated... they just were ultra lucky.. imagine they had ´lost one or two Apollo Crews... the memory / AGC Is just a small part... all the other stuff was just as fragile

The problem solving, the detective work and all the help from so many people is so awesome to see. Fantastic work and thanks for sharing this incredible series for free!

Huh. I saw the Polish-sounding name on the tag at 20:08 and looked this guy up. He had an interesting life! :o Fought in the WW2 during the German invasion and the Warsaw Uprising. Escaped from Warsaw after the Uprising through the sewage canals, then emigrated to USA to work in RCA and NASA. He studied in 3 different universities in Poland, Germany and USA (MIT) and somehow got the Apollo memory module on the way. :o

Best series on KZread :) So wish I could get involved!

@sheep1ewe

5 жыл бұрын

Maybe You can ower some form of textmessages?

Would love to see you come up with a modern day alternative that you can fit right in place to do the same job. Cool stuff.

This is brilliant. Your plan to figure out how long and where the break was, was seriously awesome. I work in Aerospace and just got into Engineering not too long ago... Love your videos, they inspire me to never stop learning.

It's amazing to see how much tech has evolved to help us track down these issues. Love the videos.

This is a real cliff hanger! I just love to see all your mad equipment and extraordinary skills come into play trying to solve the problems and unearth the details of this beautiful machine. Looking forward to the next episode! 🖖

Time to make a pin compatible static memory module in a fancy box... (without potting!)

@frac

5 жыл бұрын

That'd be fun! I'd make a one-bit memory module that intercepts those two pins (and related sense/inhibit) - then work really hard to completely conceal my work.

@Membrane556

5 жыл бұрын

I was thinking would it be possible to rewire a 16 bit plane from a PDP-11 though the amount of effort it would take might be easier to just use static ram.

@richardlincoln886

5 жыл бұрын

You only need to make a pin compatible adaptor for the broken bits - if they can be isolated

@pentachronic

5 жыл бұрын

Use a flash based FPGA with the correct pinout and memory contents. I'm sure Lattice or Microsemi would happily give you the parts.

@phomchick

5 жыл бұрын

Yes, this seems like the best way forward. The electronics don’t seem that hard - making a pin compatible physical plug in seems to be the hardest part.

I just love watching your videos. You're great at explaining what you're doing and it's SO fascinating!

Of all the brilliant CuriousMarc videos, this one is truly way beyond my technical understanding - and yet, I am so engrossed I almost don't dare to blink :-)

Curious marc I love what you do for us and for the history as a whole. And your team is pinnacle in saving that history. Thankyou from just a fly on the wall.

Yay ! 6.20AM here and this gem to eat my breakfast by ! Thanks as always Marc & the team

I think I'd go with what appears to be your gut feeling that trying to repair the existing core module isn't in the best interest of preservation at this point in time. There's no crime in leaving that work to a future preservationist with access to more advanced methods. If you document what you've done well, which it really looks like you have, it will give the next generation a leg up on solving the problem. I think a workalike module with modern components is a perfectly reasonable solution to the problem for the time being. It's not like the entire unit is 100% period anyway - the replacement DSKY is an obvious example of that.

@stealth210

5 жыл бұрын

That's a good point to leave it to the future to attempt to repair, but my apprehension on that is two fold: 1. We still have some of the people alive who developed it and can advise to a point and 2. We don't know how much longer the hardware will be serviceable. It would be awesome to have it functional again while the people who developed and also the people who experienced its contribution are still alive.

What an epic journey. And just amazing to see what they achieved and built

Apollo repair serie deserve the title of the best tv show of the year, i like it more than game of thrones :-)

I was waiting for the next part of this series. This is great. Thank you!

I could totally see the plotting and scheming gears turning in Kens head there at the end of the video 🤣

Why not just swap modules? The museum obviously don't need a working one and the broken one you have is more complete anyway.

@CuriousMarc

5 жыл бұрын

@Brian and @Colin: unfortunately it's a bit more involved than just swapping items. a) It's not entirely up to them. Items are donated to their trust with strings, usually restrictions on what can be done with it. Some can't even be shown, much less used. b) This is a historically significant and complete AGC donation: the first prototype Block II unit from Draper Labs. Every module on it is RAY #1 or RAY #2. You cannot just "swap things out" and keep its historical value intact. c) There is unavoidable tension between restoration and preservation. It's hard to do both well at the same time. The CHM Museum's charter is very clearly preservation (like most other museums, actually). On the other hand, the LCM (in Seattle) charter is clearly restoration (which is more unusual). Both are helping computer history in many ways, but both are following their charters in ways we don't always like: the LCM rips through historical machines and replaces out old components for new ones in ways that makes us cringe; the CHM is very uptight about preserving their artifacts absolutely original and unpowered. That said the CHM is doing restorations on items they have several of (like the IBM 1401 and the Xerox Alto's), and occasionally on unique items (the PDP-1). They have only one AGC, and it is slated for preservation. d) The CHM and its curators are very aware of the significance of the 50 years Apollo anniversary, and are quite supportive of our project. If there is a way to help us out while not endangering - or even better, while enhancing - the preservation charter, they will support it. e) We have several collaboration proposals in the works, stay tuned!

@budude2

5 жыл бұрын

@@CuriousMarc well... I didn't mean to make it sound so simple - but it does seem like an obvious solution at some point. Good Luck on the project - this series is easily one of my favorites on YT these days! I mean you could totally cheat and pop an arduino and a few AA batteries as a simulator in there an nobody would know but of course that kind of defeats the whole purpose in the end. Anyway - it's all very fascinating to me!

@nzoomed

5 жыл бұрын

@@CuriousMarc Does NASA have any spare modules floating around? Its possible there are others in the hands of collectors too. Amazing this was rescued from the scrap!

@CuriousMarc

5 жыл бұрын

Not sure if NASA has any, but the Smithsonian and maybe some other museums and private collectors. They probably did not have many extra of these around even at the time, as contruction was awfully difficult - by far the most difficult item to manufacture in the AGC.

Always nice to have access to all that test gear isn't it? I've been watching your channel for some time and am fascinated by all the vintage hardware.

Really enjoying this series, I was kind of hoping the museum would just lend you the working module to test with. Good luck!

Was there a Parity bit? if so what you can do is read the memory out and use the parity bit to fill in the broken line in the core It going to be odd or even parity. Remember working with core memory. I may have an old DEC PDP-11 Core Module around

@CuriousMarc

5 жыл бұрын

Aha! Getting warm here...

This is just pure awwwsome. I wish you guys best luck. Please continue making quality content.

Would be really cool if the museum agreed to letting you guys use their memory block.

@gorak9000

5 жыл бұрын

Yeah, I don't see why you couldn't swap them - yours is broken, there's just sits on the wall non-functional anyways. Put the broken one on display, use the good one.

I never expected it to be repairable, but that was an impressive attempt at it. The xray machine is so cool I would love to get my hands on that haha. I can't wait to see what you guys come up with, this is a really cool project.

Your videos are so bleeping cool! Maximum geek - and that's about the highest compliment I can give you!!!

Even though I've been following along and the first part of the video was basically review its all presented in a more documentary instead of blogging format. Its quite a nice production.

Memory will just have to be dumped and emulated I suppose. I love this journey! It's so exciting to see when a new video has been uploaded.

I watched it all - what an amazing project and I know understand core memory properly.

Worth the wait every time.

Thank you for the update!

Time to get a loom, and start weaving. lol

Been loving these videos. Thank you for taking the time to make them and please keep them coming :)

Absolutely fascinating! Thank you for sharing this story!

We have that hp spectrum analyser in our lab, best keypad I've ever felt in my life.

Love video, hope you can fixed it

Great series, very educational and entertaining, i love this stuff :)

Love your videos keep them coming please !!

Loving this content... just finished the AGC book by Frank O'Brien, reading for the second time... stoked about the 50th anniversary (ongoing, if you look at the whole program). Dumping the historical memory will be extremely interesting!

Another idea is using a high voltage/low current signal generator on each end of the broken wire while scanning with the X-ray machine. At some voltage I would expect an arc which should be detectable. There is some risk of causing additional damage but it may be a good option “P”.

I love the way you portrait your diagnostics and investigations. Its allmost medical mechanics. (Medichanicism?)

Apollo memory AND the 7854! Thanks 👍

Absolutely amazing video today!!! Keep it up Marc! I guess the next step is rebuilding or emulating the memory? (given you mention samtec sponsoring the connector rebuild). Cheers!!

With all the expert knowledge available between you all and with all the test equipment at your disposal, i am sure it would be feasible for you to build your own memory module using modern day parts. You have all the design schematics available, someone could design the memory housing with connecting pins, someone else could design a pcb to replicate what the memory module does and then wire it to the connecting pins. At least this would get around the problem your having of having to try and find an original working memory module. Just build a modern day equivalent, that will at least then allow the system to run, then once it's all working as it should be, then i am sure the computer museum would allow you to use their original memory module.

This is fantastic!

So wish had kept the Dsta General Nova minicomputer I had with core memory....the choices of youth eh? Excellent series. Shows how to cope with faults, provide solutions/ plans AND deal with complete failure in an avenue of approach.

@johnopalko5223

5 жыл бұрын

You got rid of a DG Nova?!? Aaaargh!!!!

I'm enjoying watching this series, very interesting and challenging. Although much more complex, this AGC reminds me of Wang's 300 series calculator systems made in the same time period. Love the Tek 7854 scope w/waveform calculator, a classic!

I was proud when I troubleshot my toaster. Then I saw this. Immediate humblesub.

Wonderful. Hopefully you can borrow/use/trade the museum's AGC module. Keep up the good work.

WOW! Thanks for Sharing!

you can swap broken data bit with parity bit, then disable parity check.

@gcewing

5 жыл бұрын

Actually, you wouldn't even have to swap anything. Just replace the broken bit with a parity generator -- it will reconstruct the missing bit from the other data.

Thoroughly enjoying this journey. It will be interesting to see the design and build of a substitute for the non-working AGC. I wonder if you can use modified "donor" core planes from an old IBM or DEC computer.

I hope you took the chance to secretly exchange the modules while inspecting them in the museum ;)

@redbaronrefining5322

5 жыл бұрын

ntrasla who would ever be affected is the question? It’s just a visual item being at a museum anyway.

Yup, I want to see it running too!

Could you perhaps piggy-back a small circuit to just those pins to mimic a working section of memory? Another idea perhaps is to fabricate a module to mimic the look and behaviour of the original and use that just for demonstrations. That will leave the original module in good condition and may be easier than repairing it.

@TheRealColBosch

5 жыл бұрын

I was thinking the same thing as your first suggestion. Since the wire is broken, it should be possible to just bypass it entirely.

How would you downvote this? Very impressed with the meticulous efforts!

Stanley Kubrick seemed to be inspired by the AGCs Modules when designing HALs "Logic Memory Center".

The procedure reminds me of the movie 2001 - A Space Odyssey, when Dave and Frank are testing the AE-35 unit.

Super interesting!

If the goal is to power up and run the Apollo software on the AGC, you could build new wires, ferrite core rings and run them outside the memory module hooked up in parallel to the broken wires. Chances are the broken wire is only one and you won't have too many new ferrite cores to hook into it.

This is a good job. Go on. Greetings from Russia

Je disais hier soir que l'on avait pas eu de nouvelles depuis longtemps :-) Encore une vidéo très intéressante. Vivement la prochaine. Merci à tous.

Great troubleshooting logic😳😳🧐🧐. Idea: 3d printer for a hardware clone with more young electronics inside? However you are great team 🤗

Yay a new video

We once did a really really bad hack for getting some broken wire to "work" in a similar situation. The circuit we had was current driven and everything was potted, hence very well insulated. We had someone come up with a high impedance high voltage current source that was driven so high (several hundred volts) but accurately enough that it worked for a while and we could do what we wanted, after a while though it stopped working, despite dialing the voltage always higher, likely the wires eroded. Someone once then jokingly said that with a high enough voltage the spark would be bright enough to actually see thorugh the potting where the break is...

Perhaps try tracing the broken wire with a wire loop antenna? Feed a couple of 100MHz into pin with broken wire and use small wire loop antenna on HP8566B to trace the RF emission of the wire.

@v12alpine

5 жыл бұрын

No point since they can't take it apart without destroying it...

Is there a way to inject a short wavelength signal on the wire using the estimated length for the optimal frequency and construct a tuned probe for detecting the localized signal strength? Might that help isolate the location of the break?

Would building some kind of emulation for the erasable memory be possible? something that plugs into the physical slot and responds in the expected manner with more modern materials and techniques? It might even be a good proof of concept on retrieving any residual data in the erasable memory (if any, still not 100% understanding how the memory lattice in that works) of both modules.

@RikkiCattermole

5 жыл бұрын

The problem would probably be power. If the module can be given a constant amount of power (let's say 5v), you could probably use something like a stm32F103C6, dirt cheap microcontroller at 37 GPIO pins with 20kb of ram. But that's no fun. Lets see a new build of the old design!

I wonder what if heat up or cool down the module with monitoring via connected tester? Is there a chance for temporary restoring the contact by thermal effects? If it happens, you can try to weld the wire by high current through it. But of course it's extremely risky and need some experiments with same wires...

Ahhh, for the love of HP. Lol Great Vid-J-o!

Investigating the memory module looked like the tomography of the Antikythera machine.

Can you simulate the broken bits externally? i.e. run the module as is - decode where you know bad bits are and use a modern circuit to replace them (bad block mapping style approach) ...and watched to the end - sounds like the above is approach D, E or F :)

Great series an very impressive work. Is there a Chance you could make a video about the Tek 7854 ? It is a fascinating piece of Computer History by itself.

@CuriousMarc

5 жыл бұрын

Good idea. It's a long time I haven't done a test equipment video. The Tek 7854 is quite a scope indeed.

@taunusmechanics3121

5 жыл бұрын

It is... got myself one recently :-)

I tracked down the point of breakage one time with high voltage. I put the broken wire on a sensor input and a needle with oscillating high voltage to probe it. I used a flatbed plotter to move the needle and wrote a small program to scan the hole board. I didn't had the diagram of the board only the pin-out of the chips. I doubt it would work with such a tree dimensional construction. The distances are just to great for detection. Maybe the area can be tracked by using the wire as an antenna and get at least the region the signal stops.

Is it not possible to dissolve the podding in some way? Or machine it away... Curious to see what you'll come up with. Maybe some other module will show up or you'll end up with some FPGA substitute, who knows.

does plan E involve weaving your own core memory module? I imagine the last resort would be emulating the module.

@bobl78

5 жыл бұрын

emulation is like having a ultra great classic muscle car with a V8 engine that´s like porn... the engine is broken and instead of fixing it you put in a 2018 4 cylinder diesel engine just to drive the car

@MrFathead

5 жыл бұрын

@@bobl78 Having said that it is still better then having it not running. I can't imagine them making a core memory module so in the end whatever they come up with will be an emulation.

I wonder if any of the owners of the display-only units would trade a good module for the one with the broken wire.

8:49 still can't get back to the moon LOL

Doesn‘t the higher dielectric constant of the epoxy resin in comparison to air lead to a much shorter length to failure? I guess the Er is at least 3 to 4 in epoxy so the failure should be nearer to the connector

@Sixta16

5 жыл бұрын

I second that! And noted immediately while watching.

16:53 I love the path to the directory being displayed. D:\Documents and Settings\Marc\My Documents\Make\Projects\Apollo Guidance Computer\Memory\XRay Pictures.

@bobl78

5 жыл бұрын

next is \Projects\Saturn 5 and \projects\lunar module

i love the repair Series of the AGC. Have your think about Chemical desolving the Resin in the Module ? Ich think it is a posible way Also i think you have only another option that calls Rebuilding with old (magnetic core) or new (smd) technic. Eventulay a 3D Xray is a way but i think this machins are not accurate enoth. i wisch you good luck its awsome !!! Best Regards an All from Germany

@Blake_V

5 жыл бұрын

The issue would likely be stripping the insulation from those wires with the epoxy.

@tollerteppich

5 жыл бұрын

@@Blake_V jes that is a prooblem for a chemicist maybe it is possible. I think the easyst way ist a retrofitted pcb with a microchip tha emulates the core memory. I hope the best and press both thumbs. This ist a awsome piece of history.

@Blake_V

5 жыл бұрын

@@tollerteppich Ya, I looked into it a bit, an FPGA such as the flash based Intel MAX10 could do the job. The issue is latency, core memory is actually pretty quick. But I think the internal memory on an FPGA can do it. probably under $100 if someone would volunteer there time to do the coding.

@goqsane

5 жыл бұрын

@@tollerteppich I'm reading these with a German accent and I'm having a blast :dd

@tollerteppich

5 жыл бұрын

@@Blake_V i have not the gackgrund to Programm an fpga. I can a litle bit C on a mega8 XD but i think here are experts on fpga that can help. Also i think with a lot of hand work it is possible to rewire the module after stripping with the original ferite cors

They do make make a depotting solution .... my dad told me stories of teams using this to repair sidewinder missile circuit boards back in the 70's ...he admits it was very messy to say the least.

Amazing, the core module looks almost like a scale model of Samsung's VNAND silicon tech

Since the history museum module is just a display, maybe they'll let you swap it with yours. Otherwise, you might try using Methylene Chloride to dissolve the potting. Last resort, maybe Mike can gut your module, build an emulator board, then install it in the module (it would make a great video series). Good Luck.