Ancient Semitic III: East Semitic

In the third video of my new series I would like to give my viewers a short overview of the East Semitic branch of the Semitic language family. The main focus of this video is on reading and pronouncing Akkadian. This is illustrated by sample texts from Old Babylonian and Middle Assyrian.
Contents:
00:02:19 Overview of East Semitic
00:18:07 Overview of Cuneiform Writing
00:24:27 Cuneiform Examples from Old Babylonian
00:30:41 Old Babylonian Pronunciation Guide
00:43:53 Old Babylonian Sample Text (Explained Line by Line)
01:01:46 Middle Assyrian Sample Text
Here is the translation of the final text (the Middle Assyrian sample text):
Speak to Šalipiyu; thus says Uṣur-namkūr-šarre:
"Adad-nērārī the chariot maker approached me (saying): 'He (i.e. Šalipiyu) took with him one she-ass of a donkey together with three donkeys, her offspring.'
She is a Sutean she-ass and not taxed.
(Šalipiyu said:) 'The she-ass is not Sutean, but a house born from my household.'
I went to him (saying): 'Bring me my donkeys!'
(He said:) 'They disappeared and are not here.'
Today I saw the she-ass and seized her from the hand of an Assyrian. He showed me the she-ass.
Take your witnesses and what else could be of use for your pleading, and come here!
Speak at your trial!
Month Sîn, 24th day, eponymy of Abattu.
Please be aware that I do not want to waste my time on trolls, ideologists, racists etc. and I will delete any comment and ban any user that I find annoying.
Feel free to follow me on Instagram: / ancient_sem. .
#linguistics #semiticlanguages #semiticlinguistics #semitic #arabic #hebrew #aramaic #akkadian #babylonian #ugaritic #geez #protosemitic #egyptian #egyptianlanguage #egyptianlinguistics #coptic #afroasiatic #afroasiaticlanguages #afroasiaticlinguistics #hamitosemitic

Пікірлер: 35

  • @alomaralsulaiman6501
    @alomaralsulaiman65012 жыл бұрын

    Dude, I missed you very much ❤️

  • @eddiebrown4395
    @eddiebrown43952 жыл бұрын

    Thank you, my friend. I am Iraqi (Eddie Brown is a pseudonym). I had a dream to study history at the University of Baghdad, especially the Akkadian language, but the conditions in my country did not allow me to do so. I hope you will continue to produce videos about Semitic languages. And do not be disappointed by the number of modest views. Your KZread channel content (for the category where exploring curiosity is the best fun of all) is the best. You are inspiring to me and to many, thank you my friend and I hope your giving continues ❤️💐 ( I love how the Akkadian pronounces the letter raa like as ghain , by the way, the Qeltu dialect, which dates back to the Abbasid era, is pronounced ra as Guttural R This has nothing to do with Akkadian, it is only a historical coincidence. I am talking about the dialect of Mosul today and Baghdad two hundred years ago, or as the northern Mesopotamian dialect is called.)

  • @AncientSemitic

    @AncientSemitic

    2 жыл бұрын

    Thanks for your comment. It's good that you mention the guttural R in certain Iraqi dialects. In fact, I think it might not be a coincidence after all. I think it's possible that the guttural R is an areal feature found in Mesopotamia, at least in Semitic languages. We also find it in Hebrew as early as the 11th century. It was described in the Hidayat al-Qari which was written by a Jewish scholar in Arabic. He was from Jerusalem though, but in those days Hebrew was also spoken in Mesopotamia, so maybe it was Babylonian Jews who adopted the guttural R into Hebrew. The missing link so far would be Aramaic. So if anyone could find evidence for a guttural R in Babylonian Aramaic (maybe in the form of scribal errors) there might be a continuity of that R-sound from Akkadian, to Aramaic, to Hebrew and finally to Arabic dialects like that of Mossul. This would be something very interesting to figure out.

  • @bowiethedog6285

    @bowiethedog6285

    2 жыл бұрын

    Was the Muslim dialect of Baghdad a Qeltu dialect just 200 years ago? I know the Jewish and Christian Baghdadi dialects are still Qeltu dialects.

  • @eddiebrown4395

    @eddiebrown4395

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@AncientSemitic Abbasid historians pointed to the shift in the sound of the letter ra among the residents of Baghdad, which began with women in the city, where the aristocracy increased in Baghdad, and the pronunciation of ra in this way became something that indicates wealth and status. Just as it happened in Paris a thousand years later. And the pronunciation of ra was expanded in this way to all the cities located on the Tigris River

  • @jesusstudentbrett
    @jesusstudentbrett Жыл бұрын

    יפה אחי...תודה!! זה עוזר אותי המון!!

  • @visionplant
    @visionplant2 жыл бұрын

    This was a lot to digest, lol. Hope to see future videos go more into depth

  • @lior1328
    @lior13282 жыл бұрын

    Amazing!

  • @Habib-ov3nv
    @Habib-ov3nv2 жыл бұрын

    Great video! Thank you a lot!!

  • @jemill233
    @jemill2332 жыл бұрын

    Amazing work

  • @camilomorais5810
    @camilomorais58102 жыл бұрын

    Top!💪

  • @user-qp4cz6gy9l
    @user-qp4cz6gy9l2 жыл бұрын

    can u make about sabain and himyarite old south Arabian in genarl plz am learnin it💚💚💚

  • @AncientSemitic

    @AncientSemitic

    2 жыл бұрын

    I will. Wait for video #10.

  • @user-qp4cz6gy9l

    @user-qp4cz6gy9l

    2 жыл бұрын

    @@AncientSemitic tysm💚💚💚💚

  • @moro7880
    @moro78802 жыл бұрын

    Many thanks for the video. Great stuff as usual. Two words that i noticed are similar to Arabic were هلك and أتان

  • @AncientSemitic

    @AncientSemitic

    2 жыл бұрын

    Right! Atānu is the same as Arabic أتان and the male counterpart is emāru (imēru in the Babylonian dialect) which is Arabic حمار.

  • @iberius9937
    @iberius99376 ай бұрын

    Where exactly is the evidence that Akkadian had an uvular /ʁ/ rather than an alveolar trill or tap? Has that been deducted by how that consonant was transliterated in other languages in, say, inscriptional bilingual or trilingual texts? Great video, by the way.

  • @Tony-zh1kz
    @Tony-zh1kz2 жыл бұрын

    Good video! It informed me well about the transliteration of Akkadian. One thing that i am interested about is that you said that Old Akkadian might have preserved the laryngeal sounds typical of Semitic languages, until losing or assimilating them in the Old Babylonian and Old Assyrian phases. I would say that might be possible. The way people pronounces words changes faster than the way we write them (Compare Old English "liht" with Modern English "light", and also how Maltese writing reflects the original Arabic pronunciation of a native word). My personal speculation is that some people back in the Old Akkadian era may have retained these laryngeal sounds, but were already not standard at time and thus did not have to necessarily be reflected in the Cuneiform writing adapted from the Sumerians (Unless we have a contemporary document detailing how the language was pronounced at that time). But I am no expert on this topic, so anyone is free to correct any mistakes I made!

  • @qosolka3320
    @qosolka33202 жыл бұрын

    Just wondering, how do scholars know the proper pronunciation of Ge’ez and other ancient languages?

  • @AncientSemitic

    @AncientSemitic

    2 жыл бұрын

    - Analogy to related languages (in the case of Ge'ez that's other Semitic languages, especially Ethio-Semitic) - Spelling of foreign elements: For example Greek or Arabic names mentioned in Ge'ez texts but also Ge'ez names mentioned in Arabic or Greek texts; and also loanwords of course. If Arabic ح is always represented as ሐ in Ge'ez texts, they were most likely pronounced the same at that time. If Aksumite scribes write a Greek text, and the place name መፃ is written Ματλια, this tells you a lot about the ፃ. - Sometimes scribal errors and scribal variation can also tell you a lot about the exact pronunciation. If a scribe confuses ሰ and ሠ often, it tells you he probably pronounced them the same.

  • @nabatean180
    @nabatean1802 жыл бұрын

    Hi great to see you again I want to ask you. Is Arabic closer to North West Semitic branch than to South Arabian langauge?

  • @AncientSemitic

    @AncientSemitic

    2 жыл бұрын

    If by South Arabian you mean Old South Arabian, I would say Arabic has more in common with Old South Arabian, that with North West Semitic (for example broken plurals or verb roots beginning with W). But be careful as there are some striking differences within Old South Arabian that are not understood very well yet. Sabaic is definitely close to Arabic (and also North West Semitic). But Minaic, Qatabanic and Hadramitic might differ more. And do not confuse these with Modern South Arabian (Mehri, Jibbali, Soqotri etc.). That branch of Semitic differs significantly from the others (apart from some similarities to Ethiopic that may or may not hint at a closer relationship).

  • @kielimiesamtalik4213
    @kielimiesamtalik4213 Жыл бұрын

    I didin't find any mention on your sources. Could you share them? I'm very interested on the OB pronunciation. The little I've yet studied OB there's not been that much of an emphasis on it, but I'm quite anal about it. It'd seem Huehnergard's grammar is not one, at least the basic pronunciation chapter in the beginning. Thanks for these awesome videos!

  • @AncientSemitic

    @AncientSemitic

    Жыл бұрын

    On the pronunciation of Akkadian you can check the chapter on Akkadian in "The Semitic Languages" by John Huehnergard and Na'ama Pat-El. There's some basic but solid info on the phonology of Old Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian.

  • @kielimiesamtalik4213

    @kielimiesamtalik4213

    Жыл бұрын

    @@AncientSemitic Thank you kindly!

  • @stevenv6463
    @stevenv6463 Жыл бұрын

    51:58 So is illiku related to هلك and הלך? I found it interesting that the meaning is kind of in between these two meanings (ie between Arabic destroy/finish and Hebrew go). On the other hand, the word in this Quranic verse feels kind of like "go" هلك عني شلطانيه And I think Genesis says that Jacob הלך when he dies which feels more like the Arabic meaning. So what meaning is more original? It's always bothered me.

  • @jedrzejmikulski1600
    @jedrzejmikulski16002 жыл бұрын

    Amazing, is the "kam" number marker connected to כמה in Hebrew?

  • @AncientSemitic

    @AncientSemitic

    2 жыл бұрын

    Interesting question, but the reading "kam" of that sign should be Sumerian, not Akkadian. In that case it's probably not related to Hebrew.

  • @Ofmadinah
    @Ofmadinah10 ай бұрын

    Are Ancient Egyptian and Akkadian related?

  • @AncientSemitic

    @AncientSemitic

    10 ай бұрын

    They are related, but very distantly. Akkadian belongs to the Semitic language family. Semitic languages and Egyptian both belong to the Afro-Asiatic language family. From experience I can say if you know Semitic languages and you start learning Egyptian, you will see some very obvious connections at the beginning, but the more you learn, the more differences you will see.

  • @user-qp4cz6gy9l
    @user-qp4cz6gy9l2 жыл бұрын

    izibu is like Arabic يذهب ذهب....

  • @AncientSemitic

    @AncientSemitic

    2 жыл бұрын

    The Arabic cognate of īzib is يعزب

  • @AlSHARIF51515

    @AlSHARIF51515

    3 ай бұрын

    Men The Arabic Akkadian the same language kzread.info/dash/bejne/maFrsc2egaWdqaQ.htmlsi=AxdMjNrrY0anhL1B

  • @anthropos_94

    @anthropos_94

    9 күн бұрын

    @@AlSHARIF51515lol

  • @ezzovonachalm9815
    @ezzovonachalm98158 ай бұрын

    nerving much too long introduction