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Anatomy of Stomach: External features, Internal features, Relations, Blood supply, Venous drainage, Nerve supply , Histology & Development
External Features:
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The stomach is a J-shaped organ located in the upper abdomen.
It has two ends: the cardiac end, which is close to the esophagus, and the pyloric end, which leads to the small intestine.
The lesser curvature is shorter and located on the medial side, while the greater curvature is longer and located on the lateral side.
Internal Features:
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The stomach is divided into four main parts: cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.
The inner surface of the stomach has numerous folds called rugae, which allow for expansion.
The gastric mucosa contains gastric pits, which lead to gastric glands that secrete digestive enzymes and gastric acid.
Relations:
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The stomach is closely related to several neighboring structures, including the liver, spleen, diaphragm, and pancreas.
The left dome of the diaphragm covers the fundus of the stomach.
The liver lies superiorly and anteriorly to the stomach, while the spleen is located superiorly and posteriorly.
Blood Supply:
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Arterial blood supply to the stomach is provided by the celiac trunk.
The left gastric artery supplies the lesser curvature, while the right gastric artery supplies the greater curvature.
The short gastric arteries and left gastroepiploic artery also contribute to the blood supply of the stomach.
Venous Drainage:
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Venous drainage of the stomach occurs through the gastric veins, which drain into the portal venous system.
The left gastric vein drains into the portal vein directly, while the right gastric vein drains into the hepatic portal vein.
Nerve Supply:
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The stomach receives parasympathetic innervation from the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X).
Sympathetic innervation is provided by the celiac ganglia and splanchnic nerves.
Histology:
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The stomach has a unique histological composition.
The gastric mucosa is composed of surface mucous cells, gastric pits, and gastric glands.
Gastric glands contain various cell types, including parietal cells, chief cells, and enteroendocrine cells.
Development:
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The stomach develops from the foregut during embryonic development.
The rotation and fusion of the primitive gut tube contribute to the formation of the stomach.
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