some aluminum bronze variations have a percentage of iron added and can be hardened up to 66RW. They're most commonly used in marine or industrial applications where strength comparable to steels is needed but also corrosion resistance. They make for great boat propellers

@monkeking8604

Ай бұрын

What is RW rating, I knew HRC rating but not RW

@dbmail545

Ай бұрын

​@@monkeking8604 Rockwell

@monkeking8604

Ай бұрын

@@dbmail545 rockwell hardness is in HRC not RW

@Patrik6920

27 күн бұрын

@@monkeking8604 depends on country, usually HR or RW is used everywhere, HRC denotes one of the tests used in hardness deformation test HR-C (Hardness-Rockwell-Crystal tip deformation) Usually diomond. HRB wich is more common, is Hardeness-Rockwell-Ball indention as HV (Hardness-Vickerscale) HB (Hardness-Brinellscale) HR (Hardness-Rockwellscale) ..for the most how much a diomond deform is of littel use in most cases, its more a value of scratch resistance wich is for the most cases useless information...

@faq_is_love

25 күн бұрын

Why not use stainless steel?

4:15 vaporisation. TIG has an extremely hot point source, that lowers Rapidly as it radiates away from that source into vastly larger volumes. But your spark is around 5000k/4700⁰C. Aluminium vaporises around half that, same with copper, but the multiple minor ratios of the entire process will have vaporised one more than the other, and changed the exact composition relative to the whole head. Likely also localised heat colouration; that spot was melted and cooled under different, less controlled circumstances. It's why material type, filler type, welding settings be extremely important.

@AS40143

24 күн бұрын

or it may be due to the liquation

@DitchWizardry

23 күн бұрын

Was gonna say something to this effect. Even under shielding gas, *some* aluminum at the very surface of the metal will sublimate/vaporize (depending on if it's solid and glowing or a molten puddle when we're looking at it) if the bulk temperature of the bronze is high enough to give aluminum a meaningful vapor pressure compared to 1 ATM. TIG blows way past that point and I'm not surprised there's a visible composition gradient in that thin layer. Love this stuff!

@Sustainerz

21 күн бұрын

Great comment, that's what I was thinking ❤

@alexiachimciuc3199

20 күн бұрын

Why didn't he used an oxy acetylene torch for welding? Or oxy propane?

@DitchWizardry

20 күн бұрын

@@alexiachimciuc3199 None of those can heat a small area up enough fast enough to gloop on some extra base material like that, than TIG. You can braze with bronze, but it would be HARD to braze to the surface of an axe head like that with anything other than TIG. You'd end up roasting the whole piece before the area you're adding filler to was hot enough. It would be uglier, even if it worked.

I guess there are good reasons why a whole age was dedicated to using bronze as a go to material. Great work btw, and the axes look really cool too.

@andrewwilks2700

Ай бұрын

Blame Crom for not leaving steel on the battlefield until the Hyborian Age

@user-ug5sb6qg1u

Ай бұрын

Tin is relatively rare so bronze was more expensive to make than iron which is much more common as an ore. Bronze is stronger and harder than pure iron but economics forced it out.

@Pablo668

Ай бұрын

@@user-ug5sb6qg1u Iron was relatively harder to work into a useful tool. I think that is the main thing that held it back. The Chinese did better with Iron cause they invented a double acting air pump (bellows). It pumped air on both the on and out stroke.

@user-ug5sb6qg1u

Ай бұрын

@@Pablo668 I know about the bellows, I made one, and I agree about iron being harder to shape than bronze, because you can cast what you need of bronze with minimal shaping and just some cleanup. They would, however, have been familiar with hammering metal to different shapes using heat in the middle to late bronze age at least, possibly early bronze age due to extensive copper working. Bronze shorts when worked hot but copper can be worked a little easier, plus silver and gold by the middle bronze age for jewelry. The longer, more intensive process of smelting iron had a lot to do with it, basically they had to reinvent the wheel to get it right. But even though it was softer than bronze, there was less likely to be an iron shortage because it was everywhere. The Asian box bellows, some dispute over whether China gets too much credit, some say it was a southeast Asian design, I have no opinion until I do more research, was very efficient. They also developed a highly efficient smelting technique that was used to produce very good quality iron and steel that, according to Nova, passed to Europe through trade routes.

@Pablo668

Ай бұрын

@@user-ug5sb6qg1u Yeah I agree with all of that. I think (guessing from memory) that there was some overlap between late bronze age and early iron age. I think natively at least iron working in Europe was basically smelting iron into a bloom and then working it from there. It has been a while ssince I studied this stuff.

It may not look impressive to anyone else, but u drawing those lines was perfection

@Freeman-Dl70

Ай бұрын

If you hold the pencil or marker and use your finger to guide along the edge, you would get the same results.

@analyticgeometry9014

27 күн бұрын

I read the "It may not look impressive" part of your comment, and my brain immediately filled in "but this is what peak performance looks like" haha

@okultusrexus3660

15 күн бұрын

I'm an illustrator and noticed that right way, really top notch accuracy in that line and on both sides to match. Chef's kiss!

@okultusrexus3660

15 күн бұрын

@@Freeman-Dl70 Of course or you could use a stencil or a computer operated laser. But he didn't, it's freehand that's the point.

@Freeman-Dl70

14 күн бұрын

@okultusrexus3660 Thanks, Captain Obvious. Your attempt to make me look stupid has the opposite effect. Where in my comment made you think I said anything about stencils? Wasn't my comment simply telling someone they could do like carpenters do and guide their finger? Climb off your high horse, it's only a .25 cent mechanical pony.

I'm kicking myself for not remembering the book, but there was a knifemaker who did probably hundreds of test trying to figure out what the best method for quenching blades was to maximize edge retention his testing method was to cut short segments off of a rope with the knives, counting how many cuts he made, once he could feel the knives struggling, he called that his stopping point, it would be cool to see you try this with the bronzes, more controlled than chopping wood at the very least for those interested, his best method was to quench a blade 3 separate times, waiting 24 hours after each quench (waiting apparently made a huge difference, it started when he got interrupted before the 2nd quench, and he struggled for some time to figure out why that knife preformed so much better, until he remembered the interruption )

@bustavonnutz

10 күн бұрын

Underrated comment, should be pinned, what liquid did he use?

@Multicam44

10 күн бұрын

Sounds like an older Pete of Cedric and Ada yt fame.

@szilardfineascovasa6144

3 күн бұрын

The grandpa of CATRA tests 🙂.

@LH_Vagrant

2 күн бұрын

I have no idea who it was, but I could see Larrin Thomas take on a project like that.

That hammered texture on the blades looks sweet.

@lukesheridan4623

29 күн бұрын

lol random nate spotting

@theoldantleredmyth

27 күн бұрын

It's my favorite texture lol, I've probably spent hundreds of hours with a ball peen hammer texturing just about everything I make. Looks great on everything from knives to jewelry.

@DH-.

24 күн бұрын

It probably tastes metallic tho

@theimperfectgod7140

22 күн бұрын

​@@DH-. Huh... 🗿

@noneyabidness9644

22 күн бұрын

Are you going to cast your lot at your own bronze axe?

aluminum alloyed metals can change color with annealing. the spot is because your weld cooled at a quicker rate than the casting. If you anneal after repairing at 600-900 it should go away.

Just a note - for axe hafts (handles) the grain should be aligned with the direction of the axe blade for maximum strength and to minimise damage. Hickory is the best wood for handles but when I saw the grain at around 6:20ish it’s basically the opposite of what I look for in an axe handle. It might not make much of a difference in the short term and on axes of this length, but for longevity and to avoid issues on any longer axes in the future I’d always try and get that grain in line with the axe blade.

@ganjalfcreamcorn8438

Ай бұрын

that does make sense. i suppose the wood is less likely to delaminate or fracture that way. thanks for the info.

@ieuanhunt552

24 күн бұрын

I knew something looked off about them. Good eye.

@Uncephalized

22 күн бұрын

It's much more important that the grain doesn't run out than which orientation the rings are in. Those handles will be fine. I'd be more worried about the loose fit at the bottom of the eye. You should have to tap an axe handle home firmly with a baton or mallet, it shouldn't just drop onto a shoulder like that.

@TheDuckofDoom.

21 күн бұрын

also important is not to get half heartwood and half sapwood, to avoid warping problems.

@SchrodingerMil

18 күн бұрын

Hickory? Baaah. There’s an Irishman who’s quite adamant about Ash.

As a casual observer, those casting molds and the results were incredibly impressive.

The pour was so on point the lines from the 3D molds was even cast. Impressive.

In the book The Odyssey, bronze was the material used for weapons. The phrase "the cruel bronze" is often used. That has stuck with me after reading it many years ago.

@hoi-polloi1863

10 күн бұрын

I hear ya! I was wondering the whole time when we'd see the test of trying to hack through a Trojan's armor...

If this guy started making these for sale i would definitely start buying them for my collection

@TheWolfiet

17 күн бұрын

I'd HAVE to have one of these.

FWIW, I own a Phosphor Bronze hatchet cast by a local gunsmith twenty years or so ago. It's amazingly tough.

Thank you for your video. For those who are unfamiliar with sand casting, the top half of the mold flask frame is called the "Cope", the bottom half of the mold flask frame is called the "Drag", and the sand packing tool is called the "Rammer".

@justayoutuber1906

9 күн бұрын

Rammer Time.

In early bronze age you would have more likely found arsenical bronze. It's mechanical charateristics are comparable to tin bronze, but it's not industrially made, and a DIY would be pretty dangerous, for obvious reasons.

that hammered edge is pretty cool looking too

As an Aerospace machinist, I really loved watching this 👍

Those cold forge marks are why I clicked. You definitely are right - they're cool!

You should mold in the "welding bars" into the top surface, so when you pour it, it won't just run off...but pool into a nice formed rod Either way...such an incredible design and build! Keep em coming!!!!

Bronze is a wonderful metal for marine use, it's tough, resilient and very corrosion resistant providing you take care of electrolysis. It makes a beautiful looking axe. Good job.

Guess I’m not going to sleep now

I gotta say, i'm so relieved you didn't choose to cover the entire hatchet head in a hideous mirror finish, but actually went for a more functional AND aesthetically pleasing, more balanced look with the hammer forged edge and brushed finish on the rest of the head. Thank you for that!

Just like to say a thank you as I've been a viewer for some time and I really appreciate the time you spend explaining things that may be obvious to other metal workers and done without patronizing us viewers who may not be as knolagable.

I’ve used bronze gardening hand tools for 25 years, love them.

An appleseed edge is another term for a convex edge, where there's no discernible edge bevel as the edge is blended cleanly to its apex.

@SebaztienHawke-ci5hm

18 күн бұрын

… So he didn’t give it an “appleseed” edge?

I think having a proper steel axe as a baseline comparision would have really helped putting these results into perspective.

Kudos on the proper use of risers to minimize shrink defects.

ngl, the cast metal with the 3d printing layer lines actually looks really neat imo

I like your organized and clean style of manufacturing !

Always a good visit when you post young fella. Very nice creations. Thanks and see you next post.

You should do a razor next. Romans were clean shaven with large round bronze razors with work hardened edges. Since then we switched to carbon steel and sharpening, but I’ve always wondered how bronze would perform!

@zimzob

8 күн бұрын

Bronze is also anti-microbial, which explains how Roman surgeons were able to perform complicated surgeries without antibiotics - their scalpels and other instruments were all made of bronze !

@MaaZeus

7 күн бұрын

Probably comparable as far as use goes. Even though steel is harder, that comes into play only in edge retention properties, meaning steel holds its edge longer before resharpening is required. That said a bronze shaving knife would be badass and I would totally buy one if available. Bronze is so beautiful.

Blown away with how awesome your skills are. I was expecting you to make fairly basic axes for testing or whatever. Wish I had your skill.

Your attention to detail stands out. Your skills are self evident. Your voice overs are appreciated. You tell us what you're doing and why? Well done Sir 👏

Wonderful workmanship! Naval guns used to be made of bronze, so I'm not really surprised that it stood up so well.

I had to smile at your comment that "I am sort of a perfectionist" That is certainly obvious by just watching you work, and also looking at your foundry. I salute you!! Dr. George Whitehead

I actually really like how these look! The more orangey color looks really good with the tan of the wood! And that hammered edge is just an awesome finishing touch

Did you know that the most common version of aluminum bronze is called Nordic Gold? Nordic Gold is what the .10€, .20€ & the .50€ coins are made of. They choose that metal because it does not contain any metals that people would have a contact reaction with.

I was messing around with copper and indium a couple months back because I thought I could make bronze out of that. I figured that since indium and aluminum are in the same group I could just make a similar alloy. I'm not a foundryman, I just used a blow torch and fire brick to melt everything which is probably why the aluminum that I used at first just burned away. The indium didn't burn away and it mixed well with the copper. The problem is that a 50/50 indium bronze mix was way too brittle to be practical for anything.

how about bismuth bronze or black bronze? im always interested to see how different alloys perform

@just_that_crazy5179

Ай бұрын

Bismuth bronze?

@Minty1337

Ай бұрын

@@just_that_crazy5179 bronze of the bismuth variety, if i remember correctly it's an alloy of bismuth (obviously), zinc and copper and it looks neat, but i don't know how durable it is.

@aggese

Ай бұрын

​@@Minty1337its mostly a self lubrecating alloy Their are basically infinite versions of bronze some work as expected some do something compleatly unexpected Black bronze looks neet but is 8% silver and 8% gold so get expensive quickly

@Minty1337

Ай бұрын

@@aggese only 8% silver doesn't seem too bad, but the gold is a bit ouch. yea its weird how easily copper seems to 'bond' with other metals and produce funky alloys, and they all got such unique colors and properties too, far more fun than steel alloys in my opinion.

@sunshaker01

29 күн бұрын

There is another ancient bronze that was used that you want to stay away from even though it is actually pretty good, Arsenical Bronze. Arsenical Bronze contains between 1% and 12% Arsenic (yes a Toxic Heavy Metal), with the rest Copper (and sometimes Tin), making this stuff can cause serious health problems and even death. A number of Copper Ores contain significant amounts of Arsenic (Enargite, Olivenite and Tennantite), likely the first accidentally discovered alloy and type of bronze, but due to the improved characteristics it was likely deliberately manufactured fairly quickly. Highly levels of Copper and Arsenic were discovered in Ötzi's hair (Ötzi, The Iceman, is a 3000+ year old (Chalcolithic, Copper Age) natural mummy found in ice along the Austria-Italy border), suggesting he was involved copper smelting and that they were using some of these copper/arsenic ores.

Man ...the hammered edges look AMAZING !

I love these videos, thanks for posting!

That's some of the cleanest casting i've ever seen!

Excellent workmanship they are perfect good job

Bronze is a fantastic material for tools and weapons. The reason it was ditched for iron when humanity moved to the Iron Age, wasn’t primarily because iron was superior in. performance, but because it was everywhere, and it was cheap. The only reason it wasn’t used prior to that was that no one had figured out how to work it.

@davidpowers9178

13 күн бұрын

No its because they figured out steel. Which is harder stronger and can hold an edge far better than bronze.

@PickledShark

13 күн бұрын

@@davidpowers9178 That’s part of it, but most of it is because of logistics. Most of warfare comes down to logistics frankly. Bronze was a good material but relied upon massive trade networks and cooperation between empires. The moment iron working became readily accessible, it destabilized the entire political ecosystem. For the first time, even small nations could afford to equip armies with high quality arms and armor. The massive advantage that rich nations had enjoyed for millennia evaporated over the course of a century or two, and only a couple of them survived into the new era, and them, significantly diminished.

@zimzob

8 күн бұрын

@@davidpowers9178steel wasn’t really in use until the Middle Ages - smiths in India developed a technique of hammering carbon (from the charcoal fuel in the forge) into iron, producing small pucks of steel called “wootz.” Somehow this knowledge reached Sweden, presumably through the far-ranging trade contacts of the Varangians, who also served as Imperial guards at Constantinople, and there smiths learned to pattern weld these pucks into swords made with steel, superior to anything else in Europe at the time, giving the Vikings an edge over the competition thus enabling them to conquer much of Europe, Russia, and the lands around the Mediterranean .

The design looks identical to my Helko Rheinland hatchet. Loved this video, I wish more things were made in bronze, even if it is more expensive, it just looks so cool and premium

I am impressed. Your craftsmanship is high level.

The difference in colour is a restult of the krystalline lattice forming differently, since it cooled faster, causing their atoms to allign differently. The colour would become uniform, if you heated it up, and then cool it down again (Tempering). Depending on how hot you make it, and how fast you cool it you alter the properties of the metal quite drastically. It will make it softer or harder, depending on how much you heat it, and how quickly you cool it down again. Quick cooling will make it Hard and Brittle, slow cooling will result in it becming Soft and Ductile. If you are proficient in tempering, you can make the edge hard, while keeping the core and body soft, which will cause your axe to hold an edge for longer, and prevent it from chipping easily. I know how to do this with pretty much any Steel, but that one i am not familiar with. You can test it by casting or forging rods, then heat them and cool them differently and see the results by seeing how much the bend before breaking, and how much force it takes. This however requires specialised equipmen, but there is shops who wil gladly test these for you for a fee. also you can look it up, there have been tests on this very material, and the results should be publically available.

@aggese

Ай бұрын

Thats for iron alloys, not copper alloys, iirc it also dont work with most other alloys ether Copper and copper alloys will just go soft if you heat them regardless of how fast or slow you cool i down. That's why you have to work harden copper and bronze if you want it hard.

@user-qr3nz1wi2j

20 күн бұрын

When working copper you get it to red heat & quench in water to soften- the opposite of how iron works.

@iamrocketray

18 күн бұрын

@@user-qr3nz1wi2j It's called Annealing

That finished product looks amazing

Totally awesome and immense fun to watch. Thank you.

Some nice hatchets. Was honestly surprised they help up as good as they did.

Very cool! I collect antique pattern makers tools and have a lot of woodworking tools that has been cast in brass/bronze by pattern makers. I’d like to see you make a spoke shave or a router plane!! Thanks for the video!!

Beautiful work. Well done!

Pretty cool 😎, love your shop and tools !

Sir, those are things of beauty! You are a talented fellow and no mistake!

Thanks for making interesting videos dude!!😊

Great video! I handled a bronze sword blade I believe 3000 years old from the Middle East. It was in amazing condition and the edge was still sharp. I have never underestimated bronze tools and weapons ever since. I was living near UNGH (university of North Carolina) a few years ago and there was a book in their library that showed details of hundreds of bronze weapons.

Beautifully crafted.

Hearing that you're in your workshop and not outside makes me think you have an air-conditioned workshop and that makes me really happy Hot, muggy, gross workshops are rough when you have lots of work to do

Wow those are gorgeous. Bronze is such a nice looking metal.

I read a graph somewhere that tin bronze, after work hardening exeeds the hardness of mild steel so honestly it would make for an excellent hatchet edge. If you have any interest in history tou might find a ton of inspiration in how strong bronze appears in historical writing... they made cannons out of the stuff for example.

@jacara1981

Ай бұрын

Yup high grade Tin/Bronze has higher hardness than low grade steel, however it has a lower melting point (and a much lower point that it loses strength and fails)

@goshohgosh4568

Ай бұрын

👍

Boiled lindseed oil. Yes, my go-to. I used it on a birch walking staff, and the thing is like iron. And beautiful.

As a kid comic book had a villain who was armored in phosphor bronze So that always stuck in my head as the ultimate hard metal

Those turned out beautiful.

Amazing! Great job, thanks for sharing.

Its amazing how much a few % difference can change the final outcome.

@aggese

Ай бұрын

Its even worse than that some alloys are none inuative in hiw they behave and even hard to predict with modern science

@jacara1981

Ай бұрын

@aggese it really is a art. Ratios, temperature, cooling rate, cooling time, reheating and tempering among others can all cause vastly different outcomes.

it's very pretty and almost functional, love your videos, a real hatchet woulda got through this piece of wood in 2 shots though. But this isn't a critique, it works well as a commemorative item of all your hard work.

@jacara1981

Ай бұрын

He wasn't putting in full strength because he didn't want them to fail, he just wanted to get them up to the point they would start to but not damage them. Also Old Oak is hard...really hard, i've had modern axes crack while chopping it. If you are going to cut it or chop it, don't cheap out on the axe/blade and get low end steel.

@DH-xw6jp

29 күн бұрын

This was a real hatchet. Bronze axes were used over a longer period of time than steel hatchets have been.

@hk0444

17 күн бұрын

@@DH-xw6jp You know what else has been used for longer ? yourmom.

@DH-xw6jp

17 күн бұрын

@@hk0444 best 5 buck suck this side of the Mississippi. Tell her Bill sent ya, and she'll let you call her mommy.

@DH-xw6jp

17 күн бұрын

@@hk0444 best 5 buck suck this side of the Mississippi. Tell her Bill sent ya, and she'll let you call her mommy.

Love unique metals for tools

These are beautiful. Glad to see handcrafted tools in today's day and age. I suppose the aluminum bronze is a more modern version of the tin bronze.

On another channel (Metatron) a medieval and ancient warfare/history enthusiast was discussing how bronze was a lot tougher than most modern people give it credit for, stating that bronze weapons were still serviceable options for ancient warriors and people thousands of years ago, even with the introduction of iron weapons. They would not have had access to machines and pure ores but you just proved to me at least that our ancestors, using tin bronze, would have had wicked edged tools and weapons of bronze. Really enjoyed this. Thank you.

Awesome work

Excellent video, very informative.

Gotta love that Ancient bronze!!!💪💥🔥👊💚😎👍

Nice work!

I had cast a few bronze swords (just for fun) and they do not like chopping. I lack the set-up to cast them very thin, but the thick swords end up bending and twisting while chopping. This makes me want to cast a tin bronze axe now. I even have a spare axe handle... hmm.

@edgeldine3499

13 күн бұрын

I remember hearing about how Greek soldiers used to have to pound their swords back into shape during a skirmish, so maybe your not too far off with this..

@zimzob

8 күн бұрын

@@edgeldine3499i think that may be a reference to Gaulish warriors using iron swords, which would have been what we call “wrought iron,” but it’s plausible that similar issues might be had with varying qualities of bronze available before modern scientific metallurgical knowledge. Often bronze swords were not made with full tangs, to save cost, and the blade would be riveted to the handle. These rivets were subject to breakage especially with slashing attacks, so bronze was often limited to short thrusting swords, arrowheads, and spearheads. Many of these short swords would only be sharpened at the point, the sides were left dull. The ancient Greeks also used a bronze sword with an incurving blade, called a _kopis_ , likely derived from the earlier Egyptian scythe-like _kopesh_ .Hammering the edge of the blade causes the metal to expand along the length of the blade as it is made thinner; this pushes against the C-shaped blade, which keeps the metal under compression and increases its hardness without becoming brittle. There was also a double edged pattern described as a “leaf shape”, which had incurving sides, taking advantage of this compression principle to allow sharp edges for slashing. When iron started to replace bronze, they would be made in the same patterns, until smiths learned how to take advantage of the different properties it afforded . This can be observed in the early versions of the Roman _gladius_ with its “narrow-waisted” appearance.

Cool video man

Good work, man. Having a steeper angle for the edge makes it a bit "duller" in cutting wood but it will hold better.

Great stuff. Thanks for sharing. 👍

Those are super gorgeous.

The slightly different color where you welded it is probably because different alloying elements vaporize at slightly different rates when molten this slightly influences the color and melting temperature but isn't a big deal under normal use. This phenomenon is used by jewelers when they need to make multiple solder joints on the same piece of jewelry since older solder joints can remain solid when you heat the part to melt the solder for new joints.

Looks splendid

The lesson, Bessemer knew what he was doing. Thanks for the converter.

I am really happy with this video. The last aluminum bronze video must have had people thinking that bronze age people must have been stupid to make their tools out of bronze.

So cool. Metalurgy is an amazing science.

@3:25, nice ring ;o) nice work

They sure are good-looking hatchets.

I was designing 3d weapons for my medievel indie game, seeing you do all this helps me so much, and why the blade section has that hardened texture

Great stuff right there.

I tested a set of bull gears in a old English truck that were "bronze" bsck around late 80,s and my test involved hitting with ball pein hammer and to my dismay the shape of a tooth was imprinted into my hammer, no mark left on bronze gear whatsoever, doing a little research back before the internet and i found claims that Egyptians had bronze alloys that at that point in time modern processes could not duplicate in strength or hardness and after seeing my own efforts i believed it to be true !

Copper and aluminum both conduct heat extremely well. Copper also changes color on its surface with heat, due to oxidation, depending on how hot it got. When you TIG welded, you made a hot spot. The heat spreads outward, very quickly. Once the copper gets hot enough to oxidize, it will. Just around the TIG weld, the IG controls oxidation, but once the heat gets outside of the inert gas, it oxidizes.

rally beautiful hatchets!

I love this guy and the subjects of his videos are awsome i would love to see him undertake making a alluminabronze ar 15 lower and upper billet it wouldn't be as hard as it sounds

They look great

good stuff!

This is a great video. I’m a fan of both alloy. Your casting skills are sulperb/

lovely projects

You can make very strong aluminum bronze by adding about 2% iron to it, also could add 5% titanium or 0.5% beryllium. Any of these alloys is as strong as steel and the Be one can get to Rc of over 60. All will work harden with cold forging over Rc 50.

Just a suggestion use boiled linseed oil instead of glue on the wedge it remains flexible with impact and can be refreshed and tightened by soaking in blo

@georgesheffield1580

14 күн бұрын

Raw linseed oil will soak in better ,boiled oil dries better

It would be interesting to make some stone chisels out of these materials and test them on various stones including granite because some people are claiming that the ancient Egyptians may have used bronze alloys to shape granite statues. I don't see how it would work, but you never know for sure until you actually test it.

The differenc in coloration is due to your heat softening that spot. The metao cooled uniformly when casted. Then you re heated that spot and it annealed it.

In our country (Slovakia) we call this traditional kind of bronze hatchet ,,the wallashqua,,.