Less concerned with the life and adventures of Aeneas than with the part he played in founding the Roman state, the Aeneid is a national epic, a glorification and exaltation of Rome and its people. Virgil has a spiritualized, idealistic, and aspiring conception of Rome, which he views as majestic and sacred, ordained by destiny to rule the world. He saw a golden age of human life emerging during Augustus's reign, a golden age brought about by the gods. The Aeneid is designed to exalt this new, ordered society and to glorify its virtues and finest features by their personification in Aeneas, an epic hero who is meant to represent the archetypal Roman. Aeneas embodies the most important Roman personal qualities and attributes, particularly the Roman sense of duty and responsibility that Virgil thought of as having built the Rome he loved.
During the century prior to Augustus's rule, the Roman republic was ravaged by a constant series of civil wars, which caused large human and financial losses. Finally, under Augustus, the state was unified once again. With the restoration of peace and order, and with the government taking an active interest in many different phases of economic and social life, Rome regained its prosperity and happiness. Unfortunately, this return to order was brought about through the establishment of an imperial form of government. While peace was restored, many of the old liberties that Romans had become accustomed to were abandoned, a situation that caused serious problems and occupied the minds of many responsible citizens, including Virgil.
In the Aeneid, Virgil evaluates the new conditions under which Romans live. His epic poem enumerates the most worthwhile features of both republican and imperial Rome and treats the two together as if they were a single, intertwined whole. This unity implies that the glories of one form of government are the glories of the other, an argument that weakened the belief that the empire under Augustus was a new and foreign political entity. Furthermore, through prophecies, Virgil indicates in many ways that the imperial period is destined to be a new golden age for Rome: Only now, during the Augustan Age, can all of the Roman people's noblest aspirations and hopes be fulfilled.
By writing the Aeneid, Virgil hoped to extol the virtues of Augustus in a literary fashion that would last forever. Unlike the Iliad and the Odyssey, which are oral epics, the Aeneid is a literary epic, composed in writing and intended to be read by an audience of literate people who live in a settled, civilized society. All epic poetry has a serious theme narrated on a grand scale and intended to heighten the understanding of human nature and the meaning of life, but in a literary epic, the ideological content is more important than the human story itself. A comparison of the Aeneid and the Iliad, for example, shows that literary epic is more didactic; it subordinates its human characters and their affairs to its philosophical and moral themes.
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Jahanzeb Jahan is the author of First ever alliterated poem on the life of Holy Prophet PBUH which is published on AMAZON. has been working as English language teacher in a Public Sector University since 2007 . He followed his passions and proved himself as a successful teacher, trainer and content developer. Drawing from this vast experience and his extensive study of English literature and linguistics, Jahanzeb Jahan aims at making this channel, the most comprehensive KZread Channel of English Language and Literature. He has a rare ability to give better understanding of all the topics on English language and literature. He has a unique methodology of combining conventional teaching patterns and unconventional research on the topic. Having a strong hold on Greek Mythology and British History, he explains the ideas unlike many KZread Channels. Jahanzeb Jahan is a writer of three books and the best of his works, "Muhammad (PBUH) the Messenger, The Crown of Creation", is near its publication. This book is completely in alliteration which covers the entire life of Holy Prophet Muhammad PBUH, A unique work in English to praise the Supreme Creation.
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