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@Daithi24

3 ай бұрын

I've been using NordVPN for a few years. The most reliable VPN I've come across.

@rebeliousautie541

15 күн бұрын

May I ask, are you actually a historian with a degree in this, or just an enthusiast?

If they described the boats as well built, we could infer a mature boat building tradition existed

@toweypat

3 ай бұрын

True! This probably wasn't the first boat they built.

@DIREWOLFx75

3 ай бұрын

"If they described the boats as well built, we could infer a mature boat building tradition existed" Very mature. Just figuring out that you NEED transverse supports and where to put them and HOW to put them there without breaking the hull? That's a very mature tradition with LOTS of experience, centuries minimum.

@donaldclifford5763

3 ай бұрын

Can't help but think some primitive boat making occurred even in paleolithic cultures.

@DIREWOLFx75

3 ай бұрын

@@donaldclifford5763 I think it would be exceptionally strange if that did NOT happen. And there's no reason to assume it have to be all that "primitive" either. Limited by knowledge and tools, absolutely, but you can achieve a lot with simple tools as well. And as development would happen over centuries or millenia, improvements WOULD be figured out.

@donaldclifford5763

2 ай бұрын

@@DIREWOLFx75 How did modern humans get to Australia 45k years ago?

Very interesting. It's always amazing when natural materials survive for so long. How lucky we are to be able to study these artifacts.

As someone whose hobby is making and repairing chairs and other pieces of furniture, I'm highly impressed at what the neolithic people were able to make with stone tools.

@garycornelisse9228

3 ай бұрын

Were copper or bronze tools available then?

@brianedwards7142

3 ай бұрын

Assuming the tools were stone. We don't know what sort of bone, antler or horn tools they might have had. I remember a documentary in the 70s where Papuans used controlled fires to char the wood and then chopped away the charcoal. They had metal blades though.

@brianedwards7142

3 ай бұрын

@@garycornelisse9228 Somewhere between no and massively unlikely. It's the beginning of the last stage of the stone age so metals to them were like DARPA robots to us.

@KohaAlbert

3 ай бұрын

Assuming that they used just stone back then, is underestimating them There's also wood and bone for example. ... and ceramics. Even still, the certainly do seem to have had amazing level of knowledge of materials which were available (discovered) for them. It is to say that they did knew their stones well

@piccalillipit9211

3 ай бұрын

OMG you have my respect - Ive restored old chairs and getting off 150 year old horse hair stuffing and canvas webbing with 150 years of bugs and dirt and skin flakes is NOT a fun process...

It never ceases to amaze me Kayleigh how resourceful ancient people were using the materials and resources available to them. The Chumash and Acjachemen people who lived in what is now Santa Barbara and Los Angeles counties in California built similar size canoes called Tomol. These were often built of Redwood found drifting in the sea. Varying from 3 to 9 meters in length and over a meter in width these canoes were assembled with the driftwood that was split with whale bone or antlers into planks that were lashed together with animal sinew. The seams were caulked with "Yop" which is a mixture of pine pitch and naturally occurring tar which seeps from the ocean along the coastline. This style of boat was unique to the America's and could take up to 500 days to complete by experienced boat builders. It was considered the single most technologically complex watercraft built in North America prior to the arrival of Europeans.

I appreciate that you include conversions to Imperial measurements. Thanks for that.

@lesliefranklin1870

3 ай бұрын

Those original boat builders would have recognised feet better.

@AndrewBlucher

3 ай бұрын

​@@lesliefranklin1870Huh? That's an erudite way of saying why do you think that?

@lesliefranklin1870

3 ай бұрын

@@AndrewBlucher They could just look down and see... feet!

@AndrewBlucher

3 ай бұрын

@@lesliefranklin1870 They could. Not the same feet as the US, Liberia, and Myanmar use, and called something different, but feet nevertheless :-)

@lesliefranklin1870

3 ай бұрын

@@AndrewBlucher 7,000 years ago, there was no US, Liberia, nor Myanmar, but there were feet. 🦶🦶

Most excellent. These boats demonstrate that human curiosity and creativity were well established and functioning at this point in history. I find this period especially interesting as there is information available that has not been bulldozed by glaciers. Archaeologists can find historical sites and, thanks to Kayleigh, I can hear their analysis on KZread. I especially appreciate Kayleigh's careful attention to the pronunciation of words. For reasons I don't understand I have a pet peeve about mispronunciations.

@EllieMaes-Grandad

3 ай бұрын

I am annoyed by bad grammar. "Excellent" is simply a superlative in a series of ranking comparisons. It needs no further modification.

@6NBERLS

3 ай бұрын

@@EllieMaes-Grandad I see no reason why only one thing of a type can be classified as excellent. This leaves open the possibility that some excellent things can be better than others.

@EllieMaes-Grandad

3 ай бұрын

If using "better" then one is making a comparative judgement. If "excellent" then the matter is decided. @@6NBERLS

Rigging stays can only mean sails. What a find. Ty K

@southerneruk

3 ай бұрын

Could also be oars

@kensmith5694

3 ай бұрын

@@southerneruk I think both are likely. The sails would be good for going with the wind. Oars would work for against the wind. With a sail, you might use one oar as a keel and another as a rudder.

@mariemelansongundy-vx4ox

3 ай бұрын

@southerneruk uh trust me those are not oar stays. That's Rigging. The holes are not big enough in diameter to meet a decent stout oar.

@kensmith5694

3 ай бұрын

@@mariemelansongundy-vx4ox Oars can be held in place with ropes

@mariemelansongundy-vx4ox

3 ай бұрын

@kensmith5694 good point.

Short, but pretty interesting, very Italian. Happy Easter Kayleigh. The step from: "them having boats it's the only logical explanation", to: "we found the boats" is a huge one.

I wonder if the remains show how well they were actually made-whether fine or crude, since there has been so much deterioration. Canoe builders all over the world have built exquisite craft, even when they only had stone tools.

It kind of makes sense that people by the water who seem settled and prosperous would make sophisticated water craft. The lack of metal tools and fastenings may limit the size, and some of the scope, but these people were as smart as we are, and had time to think about how to solve problems.

@astra6712

3 ай бұрын

Correction, the men worked out how to build boats. The wimmin did the same as they do now.

This reminds me of the Pacific subpolar people who built both wooden and skin boats. Wooden boats were used in areas where a sufficient number of large trees were available such as Japan and the North American northwest coast. Trees that were used include the red cedar and Sitka spruce. Trees were selected, cut down, split in half and then hollowed out using hand axes and/or coals and fire. Once the proper thickness was achieved, water was poured in it, then hot coals were added to bring the water to a boil and finally it would be covered with skins to hold in the heat. The purpose of this was to make the sides move out sideways to make it wider and the bottom move up to make it flatter. Various lengths and sizes were built depending on the use. They were used for maritime hunting, trading, seasonal movements and potlatches which were intertribal negotiations and celebrations. My key point is that these canoes were built and used to go out to sea to do maritime hunting. Such as whales and seals. No one knows how long these people have been doing this. Regardless, there is no reason that ancient people of the Mediterranean could not go out to sea in those canoes.

@DIREWOLFx75

3 ай бұрын

"Regardless, there is no reason that ancient people of the Mediterranean could not go out to sea in those canoes." Especially if they added an outrigger.

@clay-tw5gc

3 ай бұрын

@@DIREWOLFx75 true.

@clay-tw5gc

3 ай бұрын

@The_Historywith_KayleighI just got telegram not too long ago and used it one time. I am clueless on how to use it. I definitely enjoyed your video on canoes.

@andywomack3414

2 ай бұрын

@@DIREWOLFx75 Or connect two together?

This looks like a sailing boat to me. It's overly large for a paddle canoe, and has rigging blocks. (But also, nobody is talking about how fast she changes outfits in the video!?)

@zebradun7407

3 ай бұрын

A canoe is a displacement hull that is double ended a sailing boat has a pointed bow and a flat transom.

@zebradun7407

3 ай бұрын

Awesome discovery!

@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475

3 ай бұрын

@@zebradun7407 Well... that's true for commercially produced plastic (ie. fiberglass) boats, but not for wood boats. Viking sailing ships and Chinese sailing ships and Egyptian sailing ships had prominent symmetrical stern's and bows. The square transom is a very modern design, and is above waterline in all cases. Some late model wood (pre-steam and steel) used square transom, but others did not. Some canoes also have square transom, even modern plastic (fiberglass) ones. There's nothing inherent to sailing or canoes that would require a square transom.

@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475

3 ай бұрын

Yes @txtr, That's a consideration. Designs vary. Some are fairly stable under sail. Sail rigs can be various sizes, and many sailing kayaks are used today on regular kayak hulls. Typically canoes are much smaller than 32 feet. That is a remarkable size, and I doubt many understand how large that actually is. The largest canoe I have that is non-sailing is a 4 person plastic (Kevlar) canoe at around 19 feet. Any longer and you're dealing with a very large and heavy boat. The only larger canoes I have are sailing canoes. I have a 24 ft skin on frame (wood frame) sailing canoe. It has a soft flexible fabric skin and does fine under sail, even can cross the Atlantic Ocean (and has, but not by me). Canoes can also be outfitted with ama or akka, (outfitters) and make for fast ocean-going vessels. Polynesians used these to populate the Pacific from Australia to South America and possibly even found Antarctica centuries before Westerners. So a 32 foot canoe? Aside from a few ceremonial racing canoes, you won't get much use from that. You cannot have 12 people fishing from a canoe, 4 is hard enough. And a canoe with that many people becomes very limited. This was most likely a sailing canoe, possibly with Ama. You're simply not going to pack that many people into a paddle-only canoe with much success, it just isn't practical for very long. If it was 20 ft maybe, but 32 foot is gigantic for such a boat. This was likely a voyaging vessel, and likely powered. If they had farming, they had access to fabric. And if they had fabric they had sails. Anyone with a boat can get the idea real quick watching fabric dry on a line in the breeze (plus paddling is only fun for so long before sails look really good).

@M.M.83-U

3 ай бұрын

@@zebradun7407 Traditional italians wooden boats have not a flat transom. You can look for pictures by tiping "gozzo a vela".

We always underestimate the Old-Ones' ingenuity

It appears there was long tradition of boatbuilding prior to those found. There are complex details you do not come by on first try.

When something this old is actually FOUND, in such a historically busy region, where everything would be reused again and again, or at minimal, be used for firewood when its served its purpose, you can almost absolutely guarantee that this is not the oldest times when such existed. Also, this is very obviously advanced pieces of construction, essentially guaranteed to be the result of hundreds of years of previous experience, minimum.

A early Roman travelogue describes large dugout canoe's holding up to 30 man, build by a not very big Germanic tribe on the coast of what is now Holland and only a full grown oak reaches this size in that area. Using small boats along the coast was a more reliable way to travel in a time without road building, roads became mud pools for months on end.

@jandobber316

2 ай бұрын

@The_Historywith_Kayleigh1 Your one of them nutters ant ya. 😂😂🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣

It takes more to make one of these things than one would think. I have watched Florida Seminoles give a demonstration of how their ancestors crafted dugouts and it is fascinating.

@bigbearnelson

3 ай бұрын

@townsends made a few videos where he and some others constructed a dugout with 18th century tools and methods. I looked to be crazy hard with steel tools so I can't imagine something like this made with stone tools. Our ancient ancestors are so amazing.

@user-cq9bi9zk5l

2 ай бұрын

I don't know how to contact you at @The_Historywith_Kayl­eigh. Help!

Sea-faring and trade were essential components of the development of cities.

Thank you to show our paper in plos one around La Marmotta. Juan Gibaja (Marmotta team). Congratulations!!

@HistoryWithKayleigh

3 ай бұрын

My pleasure, it was a great paper and I hope more people will read it 😊

I now have to look up what the oldest boat ever discovered was.

I'm glad you addressed the transportation of animals. Because, I have often wondered how Neolithic farmers transported livestock across the English Channel at that time.

@robtierney5653

3 ай бұрын

Doggerland? I know nothing about livestock. Did we have them during the last ice age?

@jeffbreezee

2 ай бұрын

From what I understand, somewhere about 5000 BC farmers from Anatolia came into Europe.

I love how well you pronounce the difficult names of far away locations. Much respect and may your star shine bright.

You wonder how they first discovered the property of displacement. As a kayaker, I am so glad they did.

Their tool assemblage would be interesting. That’s a lot of woodworking.

Kayleigh is the visual representation of how beautiful history is. Gorgeous ! Better than history channel

Not really surprising. As people traveled over sea much earlier than this it is no surprise that boat building knowledge was allready fairly advanced by this time.

These canoes would probably have hugged the coasts of the Mediterranean, as they lack the size and capacity for longer open-sea voyages. I can imagine the sense of curiosity of our ancestors when looking out at the mysterious expanse of sea, and the fear that they had to overcome to explore those waters and beyond. How they did this could be a subject for another video. Very interesting, Kayleigh.

@andywomack3414

2 ай бұрын

I wonder about that, as the islands of the Pacific were settled by people with, as far as I know, stone-tool technology.

@a.karley4672

2 ай бұрын

Somehow by these dates, people had got to Cyprus (which is hard) and Crete (which is easier). Someone was doing some major travelling by then.

Can you imagine actually personally finding some of these artifacts!!???

@justinrichards7822

3 ай бұрын

Uh oh, someone's impersonating you...

This is so interesting! Thank you for all of your content regarding these historical subjects :D

The remarkable level of engineering of these 7000 year old boats suddenly increases the probability that Australia, the Americas and islands like Cyprus were reached by basic boats many thousand years earlier.

Kaylee has serious magic skills ,she changes clothes fast😂

Hallo Kayleigh, I learned about your channel from your video with Mr. Beat and I somehow never considered that female historians are on KZread and I’m glad to see they are! I’ve started running through your catalog and it’s just amazing, I take most interest in ancient history and I’m so glad I found your channel! I’m also very sorry to hear about how men have treated you on the internet, and I hope it doesn’t hurt you to bad, bless you and keep up your amazing videos!

Kayleigh, how about a video talking about the "invasion" by the "sea peoples" bewteen about 1276-1178 b.c.? I would love to hear your take on that period. Also, would you do a video describing the various "ages" of man's development, stone age, bronze age, iron age, etc.? Maybe how the technology spread in phases so quickly across the ancient world. Just some ideas. Thank you for your informative videos.

@a.karley4672

2 ай бұрын

"Stone age" "bronze age" etc are a convenience of museum curators, not a real division of how people behaved or the technology they used at any particular time. It took centuries for a new technology (e.g. bronze working) to spread to new locations, and very often they were travelling along trade routes established millennia before for moving stone goods (e.g. "axe" materials) or salt (Hallstatt culture, I'm looking at you!). Consider - we're living in the "silicon age", so obviously we don't use stone to build our cities, or steel to cut that stone. No?

@fortyofforty5257

2 ай бұрын

@@a.karley4672 Every "age" or "era" or "epoch" is just a contrivance invented by later historians to group and generalize periods of time. Bronze. Pleistocene. Whatever. It still would be interesting, and you don't have to watch it if Kayleigh does a video.

Happy easter!

For me it has always been very interesting to know how we got to where we are, from the first ones who walked on two feet until today it has been a very interesting journey. Your video is very good, as always...

I've seen similar dugout canoes used by the Mississippian Culture in the U.S. though nowhere near as old. Using fire to shape wood was likely a mature technology way before those canoes were crafted

Thanks Kayleigh! Lago Bracciano formed as the result of a caldera. I wonder if crazy earthquake related activity cause the early habitants to leave the area?

@a.karley4672

2 ай бұрын

There was a substantial eruption of Rome's "Colli Albani" volcano in late prehistoric times, but I've not committed the details to memory. I think it's in the southern suburbs of rome, but I've never been interested to go to Rome, so haven't studied it more than casually. The much bigger "Campi Fhlegeri " eruption in Naples at about 37000 BP has caught my attention more. But there's enough there for you to get started with.

Gotta have good boats to be able to trade.

De katrol ( om zeil te kunnen zetten) En niet het wiel alszodanig was belangrijk bij het ontdekken v Onze planeet

The oldest italian yacht club discovered. Wonder how loud their hand gestures were

I canoe you were trouble when you walked in.

I loved the Kevlar canoe I used as a National Park Service ranger at Isle Royale NP. I’m looking forward to seeing this episode 🙂🌎❤️

This was awesome!

I live on the coast of the Mediterranean and I have a canoe.

Since wood decomposes easily, I would imagine that it's difficult to know how far back mankind has been seafaring.

That is why the Black Sea is very good for finding ancient sunken artifacts. Below 600 meters there is no oxygen, so no life and also, no rot. Vessels sunk in the depths of the Black Sea are as pristine as the day they sunk. How old are the oldest vessels found in the Black Sea. They may shed more light on ancient sailing tech.

Always great stuff.

You're videos are fascinating and informative! Subscribed!

Outstanding Kaleigh

Fascinating and a great presentation as usual. I think it's safe to assume that human boat building is far older than these amazingly preserved dugout canoes, simply because the distribution of people shows they had the ability to cross bodies of water, including the open ocean, a very long time ago. However, there's very little chance that remains of these boats will ever be discovered, because all ancient boats are made of organic materials that don't preserve well. Discoveries like this, are a fascinating window into the past, but I think also misleading, as only remains in certain situations are preserved, and I think there is preferential preservation of dugout canoes. Boats must have been widespread at the time. So although nearly all old boats preserved from this era are dugout canoes, simply because they preserve better, we don't know what sort of other boats existed at the time. Particular rafts, and animal skinned boats on wooden frames, as it is very unlikely such boats would have ever been preserved.

Great video, Kayleigh...👍

Great conversation

HAPPY EASTER! Thanks for todays video. I need to re watch and comment on the last video, sometime this week. lol Have a great week!

Amazing! Once again our ancestors surprise us ❤

I just finished _Against the Grain_ by James C. Scott, and I don't imagine myself questioning why one particular neolithic community upstaked and left. He points out that there are significantly too many possibilities that wouldn't leave a currently discernable indication in the archaeological record for the question to be useful. I'm not saying that we shouldn't want to know, just that in most cases speculation by experts cannot rise to the level of being an hypothesis.

Als ouwe 'Dollard Rob' zie ik bijzonder uit naar deze vid 👍

Thank you again Kayleigh.

People tend to live along shores of water bodies. La Marmota being no exception. The Mediterranean was also a good bit lower in those years and even closer to 12000bc. There is a very good chance that not just villages, but entire "cities" are likely to show up if excavated along the shore of the sea itself. The challenge is holding back the Mediterranean long enough to conduct excavations.

Thank you for doing these videos. History is just so amazingly interesting

I was on a boat once!

@pcatful

3 ай бұрын

Then I hope you were consulted for advice in this investigation.

This ought to be interesting!

Arlington Man had a Boat 13,000 years ago on Santa Rosa Island.

If the larger vessel of oak was made of one of the white oak group, that would make the best sense. White oaks have objects called tyloses in the pores of the wood. This is what makes them water tight. Liquid bearing barrels (wine, whiskey, etc.) are made from white oaks. In The red oak group, tyloses are not present. And barrels made from these are for commodities like apples and flour. The famous English Oak that built the British navy is a white oak.

@michaeltelson9798

3 ай бұрын

@The_Historywith_Kayleigh Hello scammer! I been in this rodeo before.

Thank you for another great video. You bring back memories of favorite teachers and college instructors. History seems to become a living, breathing, entity. I feel a sense of wonder and desire for more interaction with said entity. I think a good comparison would be a child discovering a kitten or puppy for the first time.

Dig deeper into the area and see if there are anymore settlements, there maybe older crafted boats around.

Hi Kayleigh, as a woodworker this is really interesting to me. Together with some others we have always wanted to build a canoe like this but despite having the skills the lack of historical expertise put our project on a standstill. Would you or anyone you know be interested in guiding the project? The material, space and operating of the canoe is already taken care of. The people from Stadshout Amsterdam are ready to embark on the adventure.

@M.M.83-U

3 ай бұрын

There are a couple videos here on yt that document the process in an almost step by step manner, Townsends channel is a good start.

Thank you, Kayleigh. ❤❤❤❤

Sorry I missed the premier. It's always a treat to enjoy one of Kayleigh's new videos.

Thank you,that one was extremely interesting. Thumbs-up.

I believe people had boats over 50,000yrs ago. It's just a matter of people finding evidence to prove it imo. The number of boats was almost certainly much lower the further you go back in time, which makes it even harder to find them. Homo erectus probably had boats.

@a.karley4672

2 ай бұрын

I suspect you're right - somehow people crossed the Red Sea, as well as getting to Australia *before* 60,000 years ago. But where to look for such boats?

Hope you are well, great episode. See you next time.

We forget how clever humans have always been. How the day to day life was much like ours. Kids learning from teachers, men and women working everyday. Fishermen, carpenters, scouts, hunters, cooks, seamstresses. I wonder if they had the greed we have.

Very interesting! Thanks for the video!

Fascinating video, Kayleigh! It will be very interesting to see what the excavation reveals in the future.

😊😊😊. Excellent as usual. Thank you.

Very cool! I love anything to do with maritime/underwater archaeology.

I enjoy your videos. Thanks

Great video!!!

Amazing discovery

Conveyances used in history are always of interest and a clue to the depths man would dream...😃👍👍 😎✌👍❤🖖

I think humans have had a closer and longer relationship with the sea than we can imagine.

Omg Kayleigh, I so enjoy your history enthusiasm! Your videos are always COOL. Thank you for sharing your neat insights. God bless. And yes my real name is Buffalo, ha, ha. (u.s.a.)

Interesting. This reminds me of the Chesapeake Bay Log Canoe. They are about the same length. The difference is that the modern one is made from multiple trunks joined together. They were modeled on, and improvements of, canoes used by native Americans. The Chesapeake Bay Log Canoe is still used today in racing.

Nice video.

Thank you :)

I love canoeing ! Its so peacefull and relaxing !

Fascinating!

Hard to imagine woodworking without metal tools. Hard to imagine human tribes without a continuous source of fresh water.

@kensmith5694

3 ай бұрын

Folks on the west coast of North America did it quite a lot. The trick was to find the right sort of rock to smack to make and edge and also to use fire to eat into the wood.

@terenzo50

2 ай бұрын

@@kensmith5694 I didn't say it was impossible. I said it was hard to imagine.

Interesting. “Canoa” was first introduced in the Spanish Language Dictionary in 1495. This is the first Taino language related word included in the dictionary. But before Columbus, the indigenous Taínos were Froliking and cavorting about in dugout Canoas. Some held 40-60 taínos rowing away. They navigated from the island of Borikén (Puerto Rico) to the island of Ayti (Dominican Republic). There was lots of Taino women being kidnapped back and forth. So this tells me that more than one culture can develop the same idea without extraterrestrial intervention. They also build stuff without antigravity and special ET laser technology. I think our ancestors were smarter than what a lot of people think. 6 pm

I wouldn't have thought that people were using boats that long ago. Thats really awesome! Its a real shame that the Dark Ages slowed down innovation so much. We'd be so much further along.

I wonder if the kids bugged the adults for use of the canoe for a hot date. It had to happen.

An excellent article on the web The first Neolithic boats in the Mediterranean: The settlement of La Marmotta (Anguillara Sabazia, Lazio, Italy) Considerably better evidence than Ron Wyatt's hoax of Noah's Ark myth.

If people could sail across the Wallace line over 40,000 years ago to get to Australia/New Guinea, than I am not surprised that sophisticated boats existed 7,000 years ago in the Mediterranean.

@a.karley4672

2 ай бұрын

Yep. Agreed. It's a "racing certainty" that they had the tech. We've just not found the material remains.

What a cool find. There have been similar logboats discovered here in Ireland from the Neolithic. I wonder if we were to work backwards to where Neolithic technology began would we discover similar boats. Did this technology possibly make it's way through Europe alongside farming?

As far as I can tell, the evidence indicates that H. Erectus used boats to reach Mediterranean islands and those in Indonesia. No samples of their ships/bots have been found yet, but they have found evidence of some pretty advanced wood working ability

@a.karley4672

2 ай бұрын

There are Homo *erectus* fossils on Mediterranean islands? I've not heard of such. Do you have a locality, or excavation report link? I know there were *erectus* living in Georgia about 2 million years ago (Dimanisi site, arguably "Harbin man"), so they were certainly on the move. But I've not heard of them getting to over-the-horizon islands.

It’s a great discovery!

These vessels probably represent the pentacle of boat building technology in their time. How many centuries or millennia of boat building led up to that point? I imagine rafts preceded boats.

Thanks Kayleigh so interesting to think about this in context of the boat based migration on the west coast of north America

@a.karley4672

2 ай бұрын

I've always been a proponent of the "Kelp Highway" idea for colonisation into the Americas. The arguments over inland stone tool sites leave me uninterested.

Kayleigh you have the same problem with glasses has I do. I take the nose anit slip pads most are shaped like small oval, put one on the left side then check mirror might have to use 2, Love Kay you do a good job.