The thing to me is, if you invest and have other income outside of dividends then you will be able to live off dividends without selling. Which means you can pass that on to your kids which will give them a leg up in life. $52k dividends received in 2022.

@AEVMU

4 ай бұрын

You would almost certainly have more with regular stock ETFs. Dividend stocks underperform even when including dividends.

@RichardBayer

4 ай бұрын

In fact, markets have incorrectly priced in such a pivot six times over the last two years, according to Deutsche Bank, which sounded cautious about this seventh time. Still showing us why pointers from market experts are essential

@LionTowercoporation

4 ай бұрын

In the current circumstances, it's wise to diversify by moving investments from real estate to financial markets or gold, despite potential future drops in home prices. Considering prevailing mortgage rates and economic uncertainty, seeking advice from a knowledgeable independent financial advisor is advisable for guidance.

@KelvinWallace

4 ай бұрын

@@LionTowercoporation would greatly appreciate if you could share some information about your financial advisor. I'm also interested in making positive changes to my finances this year, so any insights would be highly valuable to me.

@KelvinWallace

4 ай бұрын

@@LionTowercoporation Thank you for the lead. I searched her up, and I have sent her an email. I hope she gets back to me soon.

Invest you must. Short term price volatility turns into long term CI returns. Never think you know more than the market. Give yourself all the time, time heals everything, give time, time. CI is miracle and time is your friend, impulse is your enemy. This too shall pass away, your emotions should be kept out of your investments. Rely on simplicity: Sensible asset allocation, diversified funds, buy at low costs. Stay the course no matter what happens.

@jaidenSalinas

7 ай бұрын

That is exactly the reason I stopped taking advise from KZreadrs; in the long run, I only end up with a jumbled collection of stocks and bonds. I want to spread across $380k into profit yielding dividend equities but unsure of which to get into.

@TamaraGodina

7 ай бұрын

@@jaidenSalinas i'm not a pro but will recommend you can speak with an expert, Martha Cornell Kerns, she will have answers to you question

@TamaraGodina

7 ай бұрын

@Hillarypowell1best wishes

Number 8 should be "investing is boring", and that's a good thing.

Totally agree. Do not watch financial news on cable TV. That is for entertainment and is mostly noise.

@Fred2-123

29 күн бұрын

The worst investing time I had was after I watched financial TV news on a 2 week vacation. Even though you know it is bunk, it still creeps into your brain.

Timeless principle number 8, find someone like Rob Berger to remind us of the other 7 😉

People don't seem to understand that all the news is already "priced into" the market prices. So until you have some unique insights (unlikely) just buy and hold the index.

Thanks Rob! Another GREAT video!

Great episode Rob, is great to give these advices during high uncertainty to calm investors

Good Stuff thank you Rob.

Love the reminders. I will however keep listening to you. 😂 Keep up the excellent content and thank you very much Rob!!

Great advice Rob. Stay the course…

Rob, some of your best ever material. Many Thanks.

Thank you Rob Berger

This is very good information. Thanks Rob

Stellar video Rob….possibly your best!

Thanks for calmly explaining the essential qualities of an investor. Tranquillo, tranquillo.

Fantastic presentation thank you

Good solid advise.

Thanks for sharing the knowledge Rob…Just wondering when you gonna do another NR Q&A…👍😎👌

From their profits to our wallets. Great way to emphasize importance of low fees

Rob still rocks! :)

Solid advice

be deliberate and consistent in your investing ... small amounts at the same time each month in the same security (ies), reinvesting the dividends and capital gains back into the security and you won't go wrong. at least I didn't ... stop trying to chase the quick big win .. chase the slow, boring small wins over a long period of time.

This is golden information.

Investing principle #8: Quit spending money on stuff you don’t need to.

Great video. I would maybe add an 8th investing principle to the list: Start Young and Don't Stop.

I’ve got a couple of good ETFs in my portfolio and I still got other share holdings doing incredible numbers. I’m up 37% YTD! I’m also well positioned with good blue chip companies and I have stop losses in place.

@katewilliams5228

7 ай бұрын

Amazing well done! Which companies have performed best for you?

@liamwesley6882

7 ай бұрын

Thanks and all the best on your investing journey. Personally with insights from my advisor I prefer to invest in large cap companies which have economic moats, large cash flows and strong balance sheets. Some of which are AAPL, MSCI, IUKD, VHYL, SCHD, NVDA and Barclays…

@liamwesley6882

7 ай бұрын

I’d choose expertise any day because finding the right balance between investing and living is very important to me.

@liamwesley6882

7 ай бұрын

Well, I work with Camille Anne Hector, an active 7-figure veteran investor. you can find her easily online, then get in touch with her. She’s well renowned for her work as a consequence of a recent Bloomberg piece. She has a homepage devoted to consultations.

@gg80108

7 ай бұрын

Keep doing what your doing!

How about the “ the best performing portfolios are the ones of dead people?”

Top 500 companies is well diversified. No need for anything else.

So only those of us in South TX and South FL outperform? Sounds about right :)

@redchevy3307

7 ай бұрын

😂

Great summary

🤯 blew my mind

Great video. Thanks. I opened my first brokerage account in 1979 and have followed all those guidelines over the years, and was able to retire at age 55 which was 18 years ago. I would add another point to your list which is dollar cost averaging. A great example of this was my case when the company offered a stock purchase plan where they contributed 1$ for every 2$ I had deducted from my pay to buy company shares every month commission free. Quarterly dividends also went to buy more shares commission free. This plan was active for the last 15 years I was with the company. (One of Canada's 3 largest Life Insurance firms). When I retired the stock was worth ~ $500,000 and they have increased in value considerably since then. The dividends now pay almost twice as much as my pension. I will never sell those shares.

@sis1296

7 ай бұрын

Wow. The power of compounding. I am not there yet but I also invest a small sum to get the ball rolling and then I setup DRIP. This is how I build my positions in my portfolio - for retirement income when I retire. It is not quick, but takes time and is a hands-off approach. I have found I am my worst enemy when I come in and change things around from time to time.

Your best investment is a good paying job with company match. Don't lose more than you can make back in a year.

Great video. I agree with most of it. One thing to mention is that diversification is protection against ignorance. If you do not do the work necessary to understand the company you are investing in and be patient to wait for said company to go on sale, then yes, passive index investing is probably the way to go. The only issue with that is you have to do it for decades and decades and DCA. However, if you are patient and save cash, wait for the company to go on sale, you can get really rich much quicker. Just my two cents.

Seems like you just summarized 100+ books in 15 min video

Thx Rob. PS now simplifying from 50+ holdings. Some advisors just mimic popular fund holdings. Employer focus prob quantity/profit vs client needs. BERKB✌️

@jmc8076

7 ай бұрын

Rob did you read the Bill Gross advice on T-Bills vs bonds or stocks now? If you covered apologies.

@rob_berger

7 ай бұрын

I don't think so. I'll try to find it.

I agreed with the first ones if you are 50 and under. What about Roth conversions and windfalls when your timeline is much shorter?

Will you recommend a few short term bond funds that you like?

I agree with pretty much everything you said but what do you do when your over 65 and have a large pile of cash. Do you invest in the market or do you find other avenues

The recent pullback in the stock market really underscores imho the importance of living off dividends and options income in retirement...who would want to be selling shares to pay the bills in this market?

@rob_berger

7 ай бұрын

Dividends aren't better than selling shares. Spend $10,000 in dividends or sell $10,000 in shares, either way your investments have gone down by $10,000. And options are a long-term loss.

@richardthorne2804

7 ай бұрын

@@rob_berger You are 100% WRONG. I am retired and doing it. I can tell you living off dividends changed everything for me. I also sell covered calls strategically to bring in more income. Have you ever heard of lost decades (2000-2010) or sequence of return risk? I get paid on PEP, MCD, PG, JNJ regardless if the stock is up or down...and I don't have to worry about timing the market....i get W2 income and merit increases with my dividend payers. You should read Walk Toward Wealth by Kevin Simpson.

@Timothythebrewer

7 ай бұрын

​@@rob_bergerI'm having trouble with this ever since you first mentioned it. You spend your dividend, you still have the underlying asset. You sell / spend your stock, that's it 😉 You no longer have the asset. What am I missing Rob?

@zumapuma38

7 ай бұрын

​@@TimothythebrewerI have that exact same question.

@richardthorne2804

7 ай бұрын

@@Timothythebrewer I have a solid portfolio of dividend growth stocks, ones that have a track record of increasing the dividend every year, I get paid $5K a month in dividends (don't worry about selling shares to pay the bills), and I still have a significant amount in cash earning 5% paying me another $2.5K, I'm using this cash in this money market mutual fund (SWVXX) to sell cash secured puts to own stocks at a discount and I get paid for it. Double dipping. I also sell covered calls strategically on my dividend portfolio....the past 2 years i have made $85K in option income alone. I turn a 3.8% dividend yield into a 6-7% yield. Rob comments about options means he is not educated on how options work...he assumes I am buying options or speculating...but i clearly said income...so I'm selling options on quality dividend stocks there is a huge difference. Don't by into the 4% rule.

"passive investment" can refer to "value investment" (v. "growth investment"). value investment compares past earnings with current price; (future) growth investment needs some amount of prognostication or prediction. in addition, the claim that passive investment will continue to out-earn the yield or interest rates on short-term money market bills and deposits is another kind of prognostication.

You’ve been reading Jack Bogle’s books again haven’t you? 👍 Good stuff

@nicholas5396

7 ай бұрын

Whenever there's a correction I go back to Jack's "10 Rules"🍻

Staying liquid or short in bear markets is the timeless principle the don't teach to dumb money.

Stay the course!!! I will share with you my story that has cost me close to one million dollars. In 1987 I had just sold a small business. I paid off all my debts and invested $40,000 into mutual funds with Merrill Lynch. One month later Black Monday hit, October 19, 1987. It was the largest single day drop in the market, including the crash in 1929. My $40,000 turned into $22,000 overnight. I panicked and pulled my money out. In hindsight that was a HUGE mistake. If I would have just left that $22,000 in there and never contributed another dime it would be almost $1,000,000.00 today. 36 years of growth with an average of 10.72% growth would be $816,550 today. Learn from my huge mistake...

@Mark-Rain

7 ай бұрын

The downfall began long before that the 19th, 1987. People were incompetent to not cash out when it declined the first 5% by October 5t. Only idiots follow do nothing when investments are flushed down bear market toilets.

Rob - here’s a question that I have been pondering - I am 60, I have a small pension that will pay me about $1,300/mo and am currently working. I have an IRA that was converted from a 401k. I have two small Roths that were back door from the main IRA. I have a Self-directed with about $20,000 in gold. I cannot participate in a pre-taxed IRA because of the pension and I make too much anyway. I have 2 brokerage accounts - figuring that I will be taxed at the lower long-term cap gains rate. I am in CA and pay about 8% in state income tax. My question is - I know you can’t give specific advice - should I keep putting money into the brokerage accounts or stop and put the money into an After-tax IRA. The eventual taxes would be higher but I plan on retiring in TN or AZ or NC - either no or low state income taxes. The growth would all be tax-deferred and I can move things around without tax consequences. Which would you do - brokerage or After -tax IRA, in this situation?

This video perfectly time the bottom of the market in 2023. Up 5% plus in the days since this published lol

Hi Rob I know you listed some hysa accounts and I wanted to point out some of those banks with high interest the customer service is terrible I tried to call a few of them and nothing you might be better with customer service with somebody like capital one or something like that thanks 👍

@rob_berger

7 ай бұрын

Thanks for the input. Was discussing this with my team. We are revamping are "best of" pages when it comes to savings, MMA, CDs, ect. to factor in not just APY, but a bank's reputation, including customer support, mobile app, website, and so on.

@jonny6758

7 ай бұрын

@rob_berger that be great thanks

Rob: Are retirees in their 70’s long term investors? How could they be?

Thanks Rob for sharing. We need these principles given so much craziness we see (and hear). No doubt there will be headwinds in the future. Who could have predicted back in the day that US Gov't debt would no longer be AAA rated. Anything is possible.

any suggestion on where to put my money when the interest rate on treasuries that have been 5%+ this year heads down? I was thinking VOO or BND and need some ideas? Trying to be more in Index or ETF's rather than in any more individual stocks that I own.

@rob_berger

7 ай бұрын

I have an asset allocation plan and stick to it regardless of what interest rates do. VOO and BND are both good funds, IMO, but the bigger question is what is your overall asset allocation plan and how do you implement it.

Great video as always sir! My question is what if the investor has only small amount of money in retirement accounts? Let’s say 100K they don’t have the time to wait 20 years as they need the money to live… As we know the average returns are 7-10 % and if you position some money like (30%) in risky assets or single stocks and when they returns are over 15-20% per month or couple of months to sell and to capture the gains.. And In down months don’t sell just utilize the emergency fund. Just wonder your thoughts? Thx and I really your channel..

@yestohappiness2721

7 ай бұрын

I'm doing the same as I just retired - playing with tbills to earn extra using the money I need for next 2 years (made a ladder in treasury direct), and i put in stocks the rest for some growth. Will be definitely taking some of that out if the market goes back up and I can earn more than 5% on what I put in... trying to juggle all this, and to always keep some in the market for growth but also make sure i have cash to live on... trying to earn some gig money too to pad the gap...

@dmsoundcollective6746

7 ай бұрын

Ask yourself something what in your investing in stocks and they drop by 30%. Are you going to have the time to wait it out for them to come back up. I'm 55 and I only started investing one year ago. I've got a couple Diversified ETFs, and I'm pouring all of my extra savings into them for another 15 years. You're not losing out by investing in etf's. ;) you're making the smart choice

@ltmsimply

7 ай бұрын

@@dmsoundcollective6746 I had 40% drops on Tesla , Meta etc and it’s painful but I just waited for over 11 months in some cases no difference then holding on S&P 500.. But when it comes back it’s been awesome gains. I don’t like to buy risky stocks on this strategy just looking for higher returns when opportunities are present..

@gg80108

7 ай бұрын

Take SS early, it risk less free money.

How does Warren Buffett address RMD’s in his portfolio ?

Mr Berger. This is one of the finest pieces of work I have ever viewed. I forwarded it to my 23 year old daughter, and said if she did these things, she would have a wonderful life. Thank you so much.

Wow, this is a "Sunday morning sermon" for investing. Great video Rob.

Thank you so much, Mr. Berger. I have learned so much from you!

All good. Risk tolerance is a consideration as well. When building a portfolio understand its risk profile. The more a person constructs a portfolio around their risk profile the easier it will be to stay the course.

Thank You Mr. Berger. I like your approach.

Good common sense video

If I had $38 Billion, I, too, could invest in losers like Wells Fargo, Kraft Heinz, and KO and llive off the dividends.

I let Fidelity talk me into a tax manged SMA for a portion of my portfolio and I am always feeling like now I am trapped and should never have done it. Now I think it's too late to get out of it.

@yestohappiness2721

7 ай бұрын

They are bullies at Fidelity - they tried to get me too, they were so rude and demeaning on the phone that my husband heard from the other room and came telling them to stop it. They were implying i don't know what i'm doing with my money, cause only if I had worked in finance i could of known - and I tried to tell them I did work in finance but there was no way I could sneak in a work into their tirade... if I could I would pull all my money out of fidelity for this reason. Otherwise great interface / presence online etc, but the people are horrible! vanguard seems to be the opposite - awful online but very nice customer service, never had bad experience with them...

@alphamale2363

7 ай бұрын

Like most financial products, SMAs sound like something the marketing department must have dreamed up.

One of your best videos Rob. Especially at geopolitical times like these. Jim (England)

Bogleheadesque

I really love this episode Rob. It's like you hit the nail right on the head I would like to add just one more timeless investing idea. In your accumulation phase you have to celebrate when your ETFs are mutual funds go down. You have the same amount of shares so if you believe in what you're investing in then you know it's just going to come back and eventually be even higher. It's very hard to do but I'm actually getting the hang of it now hang of it now

Thinking back to 2008, my decision to leave my 401(k) contributions unchanged, and my other holdings untouched, I was first of all fortunate in that I kept my job and wasn't forced to sell, and to a great degree unsure of what else to do. As it turned out my experience to out to be a great validation of the patient stay the course and buy & hold. The last couple years have been a bit of a test as well, but I'm sticking to the plan. It's great to hear these principles not only laid out clearly but backed up with data. Thanks for a great presentation.

Actively managed loses due to fees!

It’s disingenuous to say that Berkshire Hathaway only has 48 positions. They have several other investments besides their stock market investments.

Is direct indexing actually a more complicated investment than an ETF tracking the same index? In both cases you are holding approximately the same stocks. It's not as though you have to keep the stock certificates in your filing cabinet. Seems to me the biggest issue with direct indexing is the fee that is charged, not the complexity.

@rob_berger

7 ай бұрын

How would you go about rebalancing hundreds of stocks?

@jlbkii

7 ай бұрын

@@rob_berger Thanks for the reply! Doesn't an ETF have this same rebalance problem? You pay a fee to the ETF provider for this service, is that really any different than paying a fee to a direct index provider?

@charlielipthratt7291

7 ай бұрын

​@@jlbkii - tax liability is another issue with creating your own index in a brokerage account. Over time you can have significant gains with the stocks. I held lots of stocks in my growth years. During retirement, I wouldn't want to have to watch the fund your mimicking and adjust the stock balances, etc. The fees are low on many quality funds. Not worth the effort.

@jlbkii

7 ай бұрын

@@charlielipthratt7291 You would expect that an ETF would also have gains right? It actually seems to me that DI is more tax-efficient in retirement because you can sell the less appreciated components for retirement and exploit the cost-basis step-up when leaving some assets to your children (or donating). Suppose you could do DI for 3 BP like any Vanguard fund, it comes with a lot of tax efficiencies (and some drawbacks too), but to me the advantages seem to outweigh drawback. My initial comment here for Rob was whether *DI* is not good or *fees* are not good.

If 92% of actively managed funds underperform passively managed funds...which are in the top 8%?

@rob_berger

7 ай бұрын

Good question, and unfortunately, they change over time.

Would love to hear your insight into protecting your assets in retirement from insurance companies trying to take them from your beneficiaries if something medically happens to you.

@rightwingprofessor1356

7 ай бұрын

You have apparently been drinking anti-insurance company Kool Aid. Insurers DO NOT take your money from beneficiaries. Insurance policies are CONTRACTS. Perhaps I am misleading your post but as stated, it makes no sense.

@analyticsx3

7 ай бұрын

@@rightwingprofessor1356 Nope no anti anything. How about protecting from third parties in general. I’ve know a handful of people who had legal issues with loved ones in extended care and after they passed it was a shit show. Even with assets transferred to relatives names it can get very messy.

@jmc8076

7 ай бұрын

Good estate lawyer is prob your best bet. I think Rob did commercial law but may have some tips. Estate planning not easy but worth it. Good luck.

Absolutely great investment principles to live by! I've only been investing for just over 10 years, but I have developed this same mindset for investing because I listen to wise investors such as yourself!

I think the interesting thing about long-term investing is that, while taken generally, it makes a lot of sense, you have to ask “what kind of investment?” and “for how long?” If you’re talking index funds, then sure, hold it for a long time. It’s adjusting automatically. If you’re talking individual stocks, then you have to be careful in the very long term. How many stocks do well for a full forty-five years (age 20 to age 65)? Even if they start to crash toward the end, they’ll still probably be worth a lot more than they were initially, but you don’t want to end up with a crash after twenty years that you just keep holding onto until it ends up giving you less gains than a savings bond by the end.

@thoryan3057

7 ай бұрын

You're not wrong, which is why individual stocks are a hell no for me dawg.

Vanguard Target date funds simple stupid 😅

I’d be retiring/working much less in 5 years and curious to know best how people split their pay, how much of it goes into savings, spendings or investments? I earn around $150k per year, but nothing to show for it yet.

@LukasFleischer18

7 ай бұрын

you should consider financial planning, never can tell what the future holds

@Ericlark

7 ай бұрын

Money advice is subjective, what works for you may not work for me, but it's always better to plan. I'm quite lucky exposed to personal finance at an early age, started job 19, bought first home 28, got laid-off work 36 amid covid-outbreak, and at once I consulted a financial planner to handle growing my finance. As of today, I'm only 25% short of my $1m goal after subsequent investments.

@Michelleramer

7 ай бұрын

bravo! i'm 34, inherited money from a childless relative, traveled overseas and got married to a girl almost my age, only issue is how to preserve and grow my reserve in this shaky economy, could you be kind enough with your adviser info pls?

@Ericlark

7 ай бұрын

Can't reveal much, the advisor that guides me is 'Catherine Louise Marino' a renowned figure in her industry with over two decades of experience. I'd suggest researching her further on the internet, she has a noticeable profile.

The biggest thing I don't hear any investment types talking about is the virtually global depopulation, there is no economic history of less workers and less consumers, and what that will bring to the world. Most of Europe, China, etc. Who's going to make products and services and who's going to buy them? The model has been always looking forward to more growth every quarter, every year. Thats about to change drastically. This issue could be the climate-change issue for economics...?

@rightwingprofessor1356

7 ай бұрын

DOOM and GLOOM is NOTHING NEW! You go ahead and wring your hands while the rest of us continue to hold the course and benefit.

@Asstronauts93

7 ай бұрын

Robots

Do you watch Bobs Burgers?

Just set up a reminder to watch this once per year.

#6 is where my investment adviser earns its modest fees. Left on my own, everything would eventually be in a mattress.

You summed it up perfectly. The hard part is, to stay calm, disciplined and focused for decades.

How about a bright colored Hawaiian shirt to liven your (awesome) videos. It might even increase the number of subscribers!

@rob_berger

7 ай бұрын

Do you know the amount of email I would get if I did that!!!???

@charlielipthratt7291

7 ай бұрын

​@@rob_berger give it a try and tell people to leave their comments below. It'll help the KZread algorithm! 😂

After trying everything else I have to agree with Rob on his 7. This year I have been more passive and I am having my best year so far. Still, I think that being actively engaged with the investing process is beneficial. Unlike Rob, I think owning some individual stocks is beneficial. To be sure, I have as my core the 3 fund portfolio, but picking a few choice stocks to overweight is helping me beat the index. Also, I engage in selling covered calls on some of my holdings and disagree with Rob's negativity on that strategy.

These are ✨excellent principles✨ to abide by. If one can adhere to these principles, they will make 👉significant progress👈. I have added this video to my collection of all-time investing lessons as one of the 🔝top ones. Thank you so much for sharing these and creating this video. I highly recommend it to anyone. 😃

Investing is so anti humanity and hard

These are very valuable rules for anybody who wants to get rich. Unfortunately, most people who will watch this video will not really be able to apply the principles. We may not want to admit, but as Warren Buffett once said, investing is like any other profession-- it requires a certain level of expertise. No surprise that some people are losing a lot of money in the bear market, while others are making hundreds of thousands in profit. I just don't know how they do it. I have about $89k now to put in the market.

@maggysterling33254

7 ай бұрын

Home prices will come down eventually, but for now; its best to offset some of your real estate investments and get into the financial markets or gold. The new mortgage rates are crazy, add to that the recession and the fact that mortgage guidelines are getting more difficult. Home prices will need to fall by a minimum of 40% (more like 50%) before the market normalizes. If you are in cross roads or need sincere advise on the best moves to take now its best you seek an independent advisor who knows about the financial markets.

@BiancaSherly-qt6sb

7 ай бұрын

@@maryHenokNft Would you mind telling me how to contact this specific coach using their service? You seem to have the solution, as opposed to the rest of us.

@andrew.alonzo

7 ай бұрын

This reference seems valid.. Just looked up her full name on my browser and found her webpage without sweat, over 15 years of experience is certainly striking! very much appreciate this.

Another absolute truth is that every investment will regress to its average and to plan accordingly.

First

Buffet doesn't like diversification

@charlielipthratt7291

7 ай бұрын

He personally has proven he can do better. But he has stated that when he dies, his funds should be invested in the S&P 500 for his wife.

Hey Rob, can you please make a video on traditional vs roth 401k? Are there any scenarios where traditional is better than roth?

My p0rtfolio is plummeting significantly, I’ve lost about $320k within a few months and I'm not confident about picking st0cks anymore. Are there really no other options for me to gain from the stock market?

@roberttaylor662

7 ай бұрын

@@arthurworld9768 I’m new to all this, heard it's a good time to buy and basically I've just got cash sitting duck in the bank and I’d really love to put it to good use seeing how inflation is at an all time-high, who is this coach that guides you, mind I look them up

@HB-yq8gy

7 ай бұрын

It all depends on your time arise when you need the money. When I was working, 40 y/0 I lost about 50 K in 2000 during the tech crash. Also, my house we purchased in 1989 was underwater for 12 years. Finally sold at a huge loss in 2001.

@djryan8944

7 ай бұрын

I picked GE years ago… didn’t do me any good. No longer pick stocks.

@clark6g

7 ай бұрын

The foundation of your investing pyramid should be low cost index funds, both stock and fixed income. These can be either the Mutual Fund or ETF type. The VTI and AGG are examples. Most stocks lose money!

Do we really need bonds in our portfolio? How about the new KZread 3 fund portfolio - SCHD/QQQ/VOO/cash?